The Return‐Implied Volatility Relation for Commodity ETFs

We examine the return‐implied volatility relation by employing “commodity” option VIXs for the euro, gold, and oil. This relation is substantially weaker than for stock indexes. We propose several potential reasons for these unusually weak results. Also, gold possesses an unusual positive contemporaneous return coefficient, which is consistent with a demand volatility skew rather than the typical investment skew. Moreover, the euro and gold are not asymmetric. We relate the results to trading strategies, algorithmic trading, and behavioral theories. An important conclusion of the study is that important differences exist regarding implied volatility for certain types of assets that have not yet been explained in the literature; namely, the results in this study concerning commodity ETFs versus stock indexes, plus previous research on stock indexes versus individual stocks, and the pricing of stock index options versus individual stock options. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:261–281, 2014     

Examining the Return–Volatility Relation for Foreign Exchange: Evidence from the Euro VIX

We compare the return–volatility relation for the euro currency to the equivalent relation for the equity market, examining the sign, symmetry, and strength of the relation. We employ the euro‐currency exchange‐traded fund (FXE) and its associated option implied volatility index (the EVZ), whereas previous studies only employ equities and/or realized volatility. The equity studies find a negative asymmetric return–volatility relation for implied volatility, with a strong relation when large market movements occur. We find that the euro return–volatility relation can possess either a positive or negative sign, is asymmetric, and has a weaker relation. Thus, the sign and strength of the euro relation differs from the equivalent equity relation. Our quantile regressions show that both the positive and negative contemporaneous returns of the euro result in increased volatility in the extreme quantiles of the conditional distribution, with the contemporaneous effect showing a stronger relation when the euro depreciates. We also find that the volume of the euro‐currency ETF options affects the return–volatility relation for the euro ETF. Overall, the results here expand the concept originally restricted to equities, with the surprising results that the return‐implied volatility relation is weaker and the asymmetric return sometimes is positive for the euro currency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:74–92, 2014     

Quantile Regression Analysis of the Asymmetric Return‐Volatility Relation

We use quantile regression to investigate the short‐term return‐volatility relation between stock index returns and changes in implied volatility index. Neither the leverage hypothesis nor the volatility feedback hypothesis effectively explains the asymmetric return‐volatility relation. Instead, behavioral explanations, such as the affect and representativeness heuristics, are supported by our results, particularly in the short‐term; the affect heuristic plays an important role. Moreover, in the context of an extreme volatility change distribution, the affect heuristic and time‐pressure dominate. Thus, we observe strong negative and asymmetric relations between each volatility index and its corresponding stock market index. The asymmetry increases monotonically from the median quantile to the uppermost quantile (i.e., 95%); therefore, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression underestimates this relation at upper quantiles. Additionally, the VIX presents the highest asymmetric return‐volatility relation, followed by the VSTOXX, VDAX, and VXN. Finally, the observed asymmetry is more pronounced with the new volatility index measure than with the old, at‐the‐money volatility index measure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 33:235–265, 2013     

The Volatility Behavior and Dependence Structure of Commodity Futures and Stocks

This study finds substantial risk diversification potential between certain commodity groups and stocks by exploring the dependence between their patterns of regime switching. None of the commodity groups share a common volatility regime with stocks, nor are the regime‐switching patterns of grains, industrials, metals, or softs, dependent on that of stocks. Simultaneous volatile regimes of commodity futures and stocks tend to be infrequent and short‐lived. In addition, in spite of financial contagion, animal products, grains, and softs typically demonstrate very low correlations with stocks even in simultaneous volatile regimes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:93–101, 2014     

我国期货市场的波动性与有效性--基于三大交易市场的实证分析

通过对中国三大期货市场的铜、黄豆和小麦三种主要期货品种收益率的分布与波动性的实证分析 ,论证了其时间序列存在ARCH效应 ;运用GARCH模型对这三种期货品种进行了拟合分析和统计检验 ,检验结果表明这三个期货品种的波动性均具有很高的持续性 ,但大连黄豆的波动持续性弱于上海铜和郑州小麦 ,其波动性受各种外部冲击的影响较大 ;通过GARCH( 1 ,1 )的市场有效性检验 ,论证了中国期货市场尚未达到弱式有效 ,市场风险较大。     

夜盘交易与商品期货隔夜风险

隔夜风险的防范和监控是投资者和监管部门关注的焦点,探索有效降低隔夜风险的方法具有现实意义。基于信息和投资者行为视角构建夜盘交易影响商品期货隔夜风险的理论模型,根据各品种成交量和投机度在实施夜盘交易前后的变化、结合各品种之间的关联度,在金属、农产品、黑色系以及化工品四类商品期货中选取10个具有代表性的品种对研究假说进行实证检验。研究结果表明夜盘交易可以降低商品期货的隔夜风险,期货市场的适度投机是该制度发挥作用的基石,但夜盘交易对商品期货隔夜风险的影响不存在时间效应,监管上应避免处于过度投机状态的期货品种实施夜盘交易。     

中国商品期货市场的风险价值模型及其后验分析

本文以中国商品期货市场的3类主要期货价格指数为研究对象,探讨了当期货收益同时存在波动聚集性、非对称杠杆效应以及条件有偏和尖峰胖尾特征状况下的市场风险价值(VaR)计算模型。同时,运用更加严谨和稳健的动态分位数回归(Dynamic quantile regression)检验法,对各类不同波动模型和收益分布假定下的VaR估计精度进行了全面的后验分析(Backtesting)。实证结果发现,中国商品期货市场的价格波动不存在显著的杠杆效应。但是,假定条件收益服从有偏学生分布(Skewed student distribution)的波动率模型具有较好的风险测度精度。     

Volatility Spillovers and the Risk-Return Relation Between Stock and Foreign Exchange Markets in Brazil

We examine the evidence of mean and volatility spillovers between stock and foreign exchange markets in Brazil with multivariate GARCH models and nonlinear Granger causality tests. We also use a multivariate GARCH-in-mean model to assess the relationship between risk and return in these markets. The results indicate that the stock market leads the foreign exchange market in price formation and that nonlinear Granger causalities from the exchange market to the stock market do occur. Part of these nonlinear causalities are explained by volatility spillovers. We show that exchange rate volatility affects not only stock market volatility but also stock returns.     

Slower Price Rises in Commodity Markets

The rise in commodity prices continues due to strong demand from emerging economies in Asia. But not all prices are going up. Several industrial raw materials seem to have peaked earlier this year. Is this the beginning of a general change in price direction?     

Return and Volatility Dynamics in the Spot and Futures Markets in Australia: An Intervention Analysis in a Bivariate EGARCH‐X Framework

This article provides evidence of linkages between the equity market and the index futures market in Australia, where the futures market has experienced a major structural event due to the futures contract respecification. A bivariate Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) model is developed that includes a cointegrating residual as an explanatory variable for both the conditional mean and the conditional variance. The conditional mean returns from both markets are influenced by the long‐run equilibrium relationship, and these markets are informationally linked through the second moments. The crossmarket spillovers exhibit asymmetric behavior in that the volatility responses to past standardized innovations are different for market advances and market retreats. An intervention analysis shows that some of the parameters describing the return‐generating process have shifted after the contract respecification by the futures exchange. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:833–850, 2001     

基于商品期货条件下的批发组织结构调整

本文从商品期货在市场经济中发挥的作用与功能出发,阐述了国内传统的流通批发组织随着商品期货交易的成熟将普遍面临生存危机,并结合国外商品期货发达国家的流通批发组织运行情况,提出了国内流通批发组织的结构调整方案。     

商品期货实物交割对我国现代物流体系建设的促进作用

近年来,随着市场经济体系的日益完善,我国物流产业受到了足够的重视,物流体系建设也获得了长足进步。但是,物流业的快速发展也产生了一些问题,比如物流体系建设规划不够合理、物流企业管理规范化程度还有待提高等。商品期货实物交割是一种独特的物流模式,具有系统、完善的规则和程序,对解决我国物流业目前面临的问题、促进我国现代物流体系建设具有积极作用。