国内区际贸易与中国区域经济发展

本文通过对国内区际贸易理论的认识,结合我国区域经济发展现状,论述国内区际贸易与区域经济发展的关系,对东中西部贸易进行分析,进而提出一些对策思路以供参考。     

The New Classical Economics

Classical economics was thought to have been displaced by Keynesianism. Professor Patrick Minford, of the University of Liverpool, outlines a new classical economics that shares the economics of Adam Smith's 'invisible hand' but refines it in modern terms with the insights of rational expectations and demonstrates its importance for policy in the 1980s.     

西部地区工业化与城市化协调发展水平及趋势研究——以陕西为例

根据陕西工业化与城市化经济发展相关数据,采用协调度--协调发展水平模型对陕西省工业化与城市化的协调发展程度和水平进行定量分析和预测,得出现阶段陕西工业化与城市化系统处于初级协调水平的结论,到"十二五"末,将实现优质协调水平.运用GM(1,N)模型,对陕西省工业化与城市化协调发展系统内因分析,提出陕西省要以增加研发经费和...     

钢筋混凝土外加电流阴极防护技术在长会口海湾大桥中的应用研究

混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀是一个电化学过程。因此,对于重要工程的重要部位(有长寿命要求的部位),采取电化学防护技术是用于防止钢筋腐蚀问题的最根本、最有效的措施。通过此项目的研究,解决重要工程重点部位的钢筋混凝土耐久性要求;解决阳极材料实用性和耐久性的问题;解决系统安装工艺要求与桥梁混凝土构件施工要求协调性的问题;解决对混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀主动控制的问题;通过远程监控技术,解决日常维护管理和长距离现场数据采集问题。     

The Henry George Theorem and the Entrepreneurial Process: Turning Henry George on his Head

This chapter offers an interpretation of the Henry George Theorem (HGT) that brings it squarely into the study and analysis of entrepreneurship somewhat loosening its ties to the subfield of urban economics. I draw on the pioneering work of Spencer Heath whose insights about the viability of proprietary communities were developed further by his grandson, Spencer Heath MacCallum who, in 1970, recognized that private real estate developers sometimes make their capital gains (mostly) by creating useful public spaces that others enjoy. I also draw inspiration from Fred Foldvary's effort in 1994 to synthesize the pubic goods problem in economics with the Henry George Theorem in urban economics. While the real estate owner—developer does emerge on my pages in a somewhat more favourable light than as originally portrayed by Henry George in his Progress and Poverty in 1879, I offer a realistic appraisal of the duplicitous behaviours required of such entrepreneurs. in the context of the modern regulatory state. Real estate development remains a 'hot button' item in local politics, and real estate developers must become genuine 'political entrepreneurs' if they are to complete their projects in a timely way and capture business profits. It is a complicated story that the HGT helps make intelligible in terms of human action.     

Understanding the employment relationship: markets,hierarchies and power

The employment relationship is fiercely contested both in theory and practice. This article examines recent theoretical initiatives in economics that have sought to illuminate the nature, specificity, and complexities of the employment relationship. It examines claims by proponents of the new institutional economics (NIE) that they can account for the historical emergence of authority relations and the dominance of hierarchical work organisations without reference to the forces of class power, coercion and labour subordination. The NIE is contrasted with the ‘old’ institutional economics (OIE) and the distinctive insights of an industrial relations perspective. The paper considers in conclusion whether a synthesis of NIE and industrial relations research would achieve a deeper understanding of the institutional forms of wage‐labour in contemporary capitalist economies.     

小区业主的建筑物区分所有权客体界分——一个经济学的解释

居民小区业主的建筑物区分所有权客体问题不是个法学问题而是个经济学问题。从经济学角度来看,确定业主的建筑物区分所有权客体应该立足于物品功能的发挥和购房者需求的满足。以此为原则,如果一个物品属于建筑物区分所有权客体,必须同时具备三个条件:第一,与商品房核心部分在功能上应该互补;第二,独立销售时对购房者来说其属于垄断性物品且不属于自然垄断;第三,属于俱乐部物品或私人物品。     

BOUNDED RATIONALITY AND THE EMERGENCE OF SIMPLICITY AMIDST COMPLEXITY

Abstract The purpose of this essay is to explore the relationship between the simple and the complex in economics by anchoring our analysis on bounded rationality. Much of the conventional literature focuses on ‘un‐bounded rationality’ of the rationality‐as‐consistency variety. Theorizing of bounded rationality tends to assume that the problem to be solved is independent of the nature of bounded rationality. Following the insights from the works of Herbert Simon and contributions from outside economics, both bounded rationality and the environment are inextricably linked. The boundaries between bounded rationality and its environment can shift. The form in which bounded rationality is found depends on the complexity of the environment. Furthermore, if local interactions between bounded rational agents result in the formation of hierarchies – the complexity of the collective system will change. Whether this will occur depends on the nature of bounded rationality at the individual level.     

Platform economics and antitrust enforcement: A little knowledge is a dangerous thing

Although the economics of multisided platforms has developed important insights for antitrust policy, there are critical respects in which the body of academic knowledge falls short of providing useful advice to enforcement agencies and the courts. Indeed, there is a substantial risk that recent scholarship will be misapplied to the detriment of sound antitrust policy, as evidenced by the US Supreme Court's recent decision in American Express. In this note, I identify several areas in which economics research could potentially make significant contributions to the practical antitrust treatment of platforms.     

An integrated maximum score estimator for a generalized censored quantile regression model

Quantile regression techniques have been widely used in empirical economics. In this paper, we consider the estimation of a generalized quantile regression model when data are subject to fixed or random censoring. Through a discretization technique, we transform the censored regression model into a sequence of binary choice models and further propose an integrated smoothed maximum score estimator by combining individual binary choice models, following the insights of Horowitz (1992) and Manski (1985). Unlike the estimators of Horowitz (1992) and Manski (1985), our estimators converge at the usual parametric rate through an integration process. In the case of fixed censoring, our approach overcomes a major drawback of existing approaches associated with the curse-of-dimensionality problem. Our approach for the fixed censored case can be extended readily to the case with random censoring for which other existing approaches are no longer applicable. Both of our estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. A simulation study demonstrates that our estimators perform well in finite samples.     

Homo Cricketus?

Should overseas players be banned from playing county cricket? Has the one-day game damaged England's international performances? Is a third umpire required in cricket games? As the English cricket establishment considers radical changes to the future organisation of the sport, John Blundell, of the Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University, Virginia, orgues that the predictive insights of economics have much to offer the administrators of the game at Lord's, the headquarters of cricket, and around the world.     

Two Views on Social Stability: An Unsettled Question

A bstract Emil Durkheim published The Division of Labour in Society as part of his strategy to create a place for sociology as a science independent from economics. The book describes how social cohesion and cooperation evolve spontaneously in the course of the process of the division of labour. Friedrich Hayek developed a theory of markets and competition which was later extended into a theory of society, in which spontaneous evolution is a central element. The main force behind this process is competition and the evolution of coordination. Both authors address the problem of social stability. Hayek rejects Durkheim's analysis as constructivistic, but his criticism is unjustified. Further analysis reveals many similarities between the two authors theories of societal evolution. A striking point of convergence is that Hayek's theory of markets is a network theory, and that sociological network theory is directly inspired by Durkheim's work. The main differences are Hayek's emphasis on the division of knowledge and on coordination as the fundamental stabilising forces as opposed to Durkheim's stress on the division of labour and cooperation. The network approach, together with an elaboration of Hayek's psychology, offer perspectives for integrating coordination and cooperation into a unified theory of social stability.     

Problem-based learning: merging of economics and mathematics

We present problem-based learning as a strategy to assist students to integrate both mathematics and economics knowledge as well as develop other skills. We present basic information about problem-based learning, provide an example of an economics problem that could be used in an early undergraduate mathematics course, and provide sources for additional economics problems and information about problem-based learning. While faculty will seldom have a class composed entirely of economics students, the examples that we provide do not require in-depth knowledge of economics but will help undergraduates develop some understanding of the economic world they live in.     

The Economists of Tomorrow: The Case for Assertive Pluralism in Economics Education

This article presents the case for “assertive pluralism” in economics education and proposes how to achieve it, illustrating the point with reference to the U.K. Subject Benchmark Statement in Economics (SBSE). It proposes a revision of the benchmark, prioritizing the role of controversy in the teaching of economics, combined with pluralistic principles that uphold and guarantee critical and independent thinking. This reform is a necessary response to what Colander et al. (2009 ) term the “systemic failure” of economics—the inability of the profession, taken as a whole, to anticipate and understand the financial crash and recession of 2008. Failure on this scale testifies to a more deep‐seated weakness in economics than commonly recognized. It arises from what Turner ( Tett 2009 ) terms the regulatory capture of the economics profession by narrow financial interests. The public, and the economics profession, require specific protection against the pressures that have produced this systemic failure. This requires a rethink of the relation of economics to society, founded on a rejection of the idea that the function of economics is to provide a single, unequivocal solution to every problem of policy. Instead, the article explains, good economics should be constrained to evaluate the full range of relevant solutions to any given policy issue, leaving the decisionmakers accountable for the decisions they make on which solution to adopt.     

Who Do Heterodox Economists Think They Are?1

This paper attempts to engage with the established debate on the nature of heterodox economics. However, it starts from the position that previous attempts to classify and identify heterodox economics have been biased towards a priori definition. The paper aims to inform the discussion of the nature of heterodoxy with some empirical analysis. The paper examines survey data collected from a small/medium‐sized sample of AHE members on the core concepts in economics. The paper applies factor analysis to the data. It also applies principles of biological taxonomy, and thence cluster analysis to the problem. The paper finds that within the self‐identified community of self‐identified heterodox economists there is little agreement as to whether members are pluralist, or what their attitude is to the mainstream. Indeed, there is little agreement on any core concepts or principles. The paper argues that there is little structure to heterodox economics beyond that provided by pre‐existing (or constituent) schools of thought. Based on this study, heterodox economics appears a complex web of interacting individuals and as a group is a fuzzy set. These results would lead us to question further strict distinctions between heterodox, mainstream and pluralist economists.     

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INNOVATION: A SURVEY

Abstract The traditional economics of innovation, inspired by Schumpeter and more recent advances on his work, seem unable to explain why firms with similar external conditions may show greatly different performance in innovation. Contrastingly, the literature on corporate governance provides some useful insights for understanding corporate innovation activity, to the extent that such literature examines the economic effects of different modes of coordination between firm members. The process through which individuals integrate their human and physical resources within the firm is central to the dynamics of corporate innovation. This paper provides the first survey of the literature on this issue. We start by discussing how various theoretical approaches to the analysis of the firm deal with technological innovation. We then describe three main channels – corporate ownership, corporate finance and labour – through which a system of corporate governance shapes a firm's innovation activity. Finally, we examine the relationship between country‐level institutional settings, national patterns of corporate governance and the aggregate innovation activity of corporations. We conclude by suggesting that future research should focus more deeply on the interrelation between the various dimensions of corporate governance and on their joint effect on firm innovation.     

WHAT'S TO KNOW ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS?

The scientific credibility of economics is itself a scientific question that can be addressed with both theoretical speculations and empirical data. In this review, we examine the major parameters that are expected to affect the credibility of empirical economics: sample size, magnitude of pursued effects, number and pre‐selection of tested relationships, flexibility and lack of standardization in designs, definitions, outcomes and analyses, financial and other interests and prejudices, and the multiplicity and fragmentation of efforts. We summarize and discuss the empirical evidence on the lack of a robust reproducibility culture in economics and business research, the prevalence of potential publication and other selective reporting biases, and other failures and biases in the market of scientific information. Overall, the credibility of the economics literature is likely to be modest or even low.     

What Price Drug Use? The Contribution of Economics to an Evidence‐Based Drugs Policy

Abstract.  This paper presents a review of the recent economics literature in the area of illicit drug use. Particular attention is paid to the economics of addiction and the rational addiction model, the welfare economics framework for analysing the social costs of drug use, and the attempts that have been made by economists to evaluate recent or proposed policy interventions. A dominant theme in this review is the problem of poor data availability. This is particularly true when it comes to implementing the Rational Addiction model, but it is also apparent in the literature on estimating the costs of illicit drug use to society as a whole. One of the main conclusions of this review is that until recently public policy has not been particularly influenced by research carried out by economists. It is not clear whether this is because economists have had to grapple with inadequate data, and hence their conclusions are couched in uncertainty, or whether it is because drugs researchers have assumed a very limited role for economists in their analysis.     

Organizational AIDS policies: Aiming at a moving target

This article examines the effect that theArline decision is likely to have on organizational policies regarding terminations when such actions involve AIDS-afflicted employees working in organizations that are subject to the provisions of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Certain criteria that must be considered when an organization is contemplating terminations involving this class of employees are defined. In addition, a systematic analysis technique which may provide insights in arriving at such employment decisions is specified. Finally, the authors identify several elements which have yet to be adequately addressed by existing legislation or court decisions that serve to impede the establishment of effective policies in this area.     

西方经济学资本计量困境与马克思经济学的科学论断

资本计量既是重要的理论问题,也是涉及微观经济活动的现实问题。在资本计量问题上,西方经济学由于对资本概念内涵有着不同的理解,提出了许多不同的计量方法。这些方法有的在理论上存在逻辑问题,有的与现实经济生活相差较远。本文认为,马克思主义经济学对资本概念的理解既解决了资本计量的理论问题,又符合现实经济生活中会计实践需要,科学地揭示了资本实质,对经济生活具有根本的指导意义。