Analysing the stakes of stakeholders in research and development project management: a systems approach

Research and development (R&D) project management involves managing multiple stakeholders with conflicting stakes. This article proposes a systems approach to capture such conflicting stakes of multiple stakeholders in controversial R&D projects. The approach is illustrated using a New Zealand case study related to the use of 1080 chemical for pest management. Initially, the problem situation was structured systemically by analysing the behaviour of the main variables and by conducting a stakeholder analysis. Further, a participative systems model related to the problem situation was developed using a group model‐building process. The analysis of the model revealed a set of feedback loops operating in the system identified as constituting and responsible for the complexity of the problem situation relating to 1080 use. In conclusion, the paper highlights some strategies suggested by the stakeholders to manage conflict.     

城市基础设施项目网络化管理的分析

城市基础设施管理纷繁复杂，如何利用网络平台对基础设施项目进行管理，提高管理效力，是目前基础设施项目管理研究的热点问题之一。本从城市基础设施的特点出发，分析了信息技术对基础设施项目管理的影响以及目前城市基础设施网络化管理的具体形式。     

城市轨道交通项目设计管理模式分析

本主要从城市轨道交通项目设计工作的特点出发，介绍了目前常见的两种设计管理模式，并对这两种模式进行对比分析。在此基础上，进一步探讨设计总体管理模式在工程实例中的运用。     

古田县城区防洪堤工程施工管理

古田县城区防洪堤工程是全县人民的生命线工程,由于采取了新的工程管理体制,工程保质保量提前一年全面完工,早日体现了工程的经济社会效益。     

Product-based planning: the importance of project and project management deliverables in the management of clinical trials

As the cost of clinical trials continues to rise organisations are looking at ways of managing this part of the drug development process as effectively and efficiently as possible. As a tactical response, many pharmaceutical companies outsource the management of clinical trials to clinical research organisations on a fixed-price contract basis. This paper presents an alternative approach based on the concept of Product-Based Planning. Key elements of the approach are the creation of a deliverables budget and the establishment of project management-related deliverables. The conceptual developments described in the paper are supported by a telephone survey of 10 UK practitioners. The survey confirms the prevalence and limitations of fixed-price contracts while highlighting a willingness to try a deliverable-based approach – initially through small pilot studies. The key barrier to implementing a new approach is resistance from key stakeholders, such as finance departments, which can be addressed through selling of the business case.     

施工企业合同管理在项目管理中的地位和作用

论述了施工企业项目管理中合同管理的重要意义,阐述了合同管理的内容和在各阶段的重点,强调了合同管理是工程项目的重要环节,是企业的各个部门共同实施的系统工程。     

伊犁人民水电站工程设计经验谈

人民水电站在渠道设计改建中充分利用现有条件,做到设计总体布置合理、机组选型先进、电气主接线合适,既节省了资金,又使电站运行安全可靠,为在类似灌溉渠道设计改建中,充分利用水力这种清洁能源发电总结了经验。     

项目管理办公室在中国国际石油公司的应用实践

在低油价形势下,中国石油公司传统的项目管理方式暴露出决策审批环节复杂、工作界面不清晰、管理效率低下等问题.建立项目管理办公室,开展“项目制”管理,对当前石油公司的体制机制改革是一种有益探索.S公司设立项目管理办公室、开展“项目制”管理的实践表明,项目管理办公室能够提高资源利用效率,降低管理运行成本,为公司建设专业人才队伍、提升公司软实力奠定基础.     

The structure and management of government research institutes: some problems and suggestions1

The open system model is applied to examine government industrial research institutes. Their observed ineffectiveness is in part accounted for by a growing discrepancy between organizational structure and activities and rapidly changing task environments. A number of suggestions for reorganizing the research institutes are offered. It is, however, indicated that in a change program aimed at promoting organizational effectiveness: (a) the focal organization's management could assume a more active role; (b) relevant parts of the environment should also be considered as targets of change.     

项目后评价理论方法及其在城网改建中的应用

论述城网改建后评价的必要性和重要性,介绍项目后评价的基本理论和常用方法;分析城网改建后评价的实际过程及具体应用。     

A current research information system for the management of agricultural research

Abstract
A generalized current research information and costing system for management of an agricultural research programme is described by reference to the Agricultural Research Current Information System (ARCIS) of the Agricultural and Food Research Council of the United Kingdom.     

Sense-making and management in business networks — some observations, considerations, and a research agenda

Business networks are complex webs of interdependent exchange relationships within which companies and individual managers operate. They consist of manifold actors, complex interactions, as well as organizational structures and resource transformation processes. Business managers cannot just capitulate vis-à-vis this complexity. Making sense of complex business networks helps managers to understand their own position, as well as their available options for change. Similarly, research in the area of sense-making and management in business networks may help us understand how managers cope with the contextual complexity in business networks, and how managers construct the forms in which this complexity appears. This paper identifies six major research themes that need to be taken up in the future with regard to sense-making and management in business networks, and discusses some methodological issues to advance our knowledge in this area.     

Technical change, work organisation and training: some issues relating to the role of market forces

Managements often fail to deal with problems of reorganising work to cope with technical change. Nevertheless, it is suggested that skills are becoming more enterprise-specific and that employers should train to satisfy their own needs. While markets help to distribute skills, they do not ensure that sufficient are created.     

浅谈建设项目施工管理的重点及方法

本着重阐述了建设项目施工过程中对进度、质量和安全的管理重点及方法。     

Toward the development of benchmarking tools for R&D project management

This paper presents an audit model for the process of R&D project management that can be used to check the robustness and repeatability of processes and provide a template for internal and external benchmarking. The intention is to offer a 'fine-grained' model focusing rather closely on the R&D activities within the broader innovation process, thus complementing the more widely based innovation audit models that already exist.
Based on field-work in six business units in ICI and five companies from other industries, the paper sets out three major variants of the R&D project management process. These variants reflect the fact that R&D projects take place in different circumstances and have different objectives.     

Schumpeterian economics: some observations on the relevance of his theoretical contributions to the management of industrial research and development

This paper investigates the relevance of the theoretical writings of Schumpeter to the management of research and development (R&D) in small and large industrial firms. Schumpeter's emphasis in his early work on three main aspects of industrial R&D; namely the importance of entrepreneurship, industrial innovation and resultant creative destruction, were major new insights that rejected the long‐standing view that equilibrium was the best state for any industrial economy. This paper, with the aid of relevant literature from both Schumpeter and others, seeks to relate his theoretical approach (that changed over time to favour large firm R&D) to the implication for industrial R&D, and in particular, the relationship between R&D in small and large firms. The paper concludes that if Schumpeter had lived to see the current industrial landscape, he might have returned to his early belief that entrepreneurial new small firms remain key harbingers of technological progress.     

工程项目绩效评价中项目难度系数的确定

项目难度系数的确定是工程项目进行项目绩效定量评价的关键环节之一,尤其对多项目部的绩效定量评价更重要。依据项目难度系数的影响因素,确定每一影响因素的权重和项目因素单位分数。通过层次分析法和直观判断法综合对工程项目评价指标进行权重分析,提出了两种打分的方案,即对工程数量、投资额及项目难度等因素进行分类打分和根据单位数量及单价来确定分数,然后结合两种方法的结果来确定项目难度系数,并通过实验来确定项目难度系数计算方法的合理有效性。     

Design principles for the development of measurement systems for research and development processes

Based on a comprehensive literature review and the activities of numerous case study companies, it is argued in this paper that performance measurement in R&D is a fundamental aspect to quality in R&D and to overall business performance. However, it is apparent from the case companies that many companies still struggle with the issue of R&D performance measurement. Excuses for not measuring are easily found, but there are also empirical examples and literature available with suggestions how it can be done. In this article this literature is reviewed and placed within the context of general performance control and contingency theory. Furthermore, the main measurement system design parameters are discussed and some basic system requirements are described as well as several design principles that can be useful for those who accept the challenge of establishing a meaningful measurement system.     

价值工程在工程项目成本管理中的应用

价值工程是一种在世界各国被证明卓有成效的工程管理方法。价值工程作为一种管理方法,已经在建筑业工程项目成本管理中广泛应用,并取得了巨大成功,文章分析工程项目成本的特点,试图运用价值工程的方法,对工程项目全寿命期投资控制进行分析,以期达到节省工程项目成本的目的,从而提出在建设项目中大力推行价值工程的必要性和建议。