经济全球化对我国能源利用效率影响的实证研究——基于中国行业面板数据

中国经济的高速发展和巨大的能源消费,是在中国经济加速融入全球经济的背景下发生的,我们非常关注以投资一体化、生产非一体化和贸易一体化为内容的经济全球化对中国能源利用效率的影响。本文在阐述经济全球化的含义和构建经济全球化指数的基础上,基于33个工业行业1998-2005年的面板数据,采用PCSE稳健估计发现经济全球化显著提高了我国的能源利用效率,同时技术进步、产权结构、要素禀赋结构和产业结构等也对能源利用效率产生不同的影响。本文的分析对于理解我国的经济发展、能源安全和产业升级具有启发意义。     

进口技术扩散和自主研发对环境规制的影响研究——基于中国工业行业面板数据

笔者采用2003年～2010年中国工业行业面板模型实证检验进口技术扩散、本国自主研发等技术指标对环境规制的影响.结果表明:(1)进口技术扩散在清洁行业对环境规制具显著正效应,在污染密集型行业呈显著负效应,并拉动整体工业行业呈显著负效应.行业技术水平越高,环境负效益越小,正效益越大.(2)本国自主研发对环境规制具明显负效应,但影响有限.(3)结合进口技术扩散和自主研发的二次研发对环境规制具显著正效应.     

我国西部地区贸易对环境污染影响的分析——基于西部地区省际面板数据的检验

选取2000-2008年西部地区十一个省、直辖市和自治区的贸易与环境相关数据,利用面板数据模型对西部地区贸易对环境污染的影响进行实证分析,研究结果表明规模效应和贸易开放度的增加加剧了西部地区的环境污染,结构效应和环境政策则减少了西部地区的环境污染,而技术效应对西部地区环境污染的影响不显著。     

不同路线外包对我国主要产业效率的影响——基于动态面板模型的实证检验

本文拓展了Amity&Wei等的理论框架,基于国际投入产出表,度量了对外外包和承接外包水平,并且细分不同路线、形式的外包活动,构建动态面板模型,详细分析了1998～2008年外包对我国主要产业生产率的影响。经验分析后的结果显示,总体上,对外外包会正向影响生产率,尤其对外服务外包的影响作用较明显。而承接外包会负向影响劳动生产率,对全要素生产率作用不显著。需要注意的是,针对不同类型的产业,不同路线、特点的外包行为对生产率的作用方向和大小会有所差别。与对外外包相比,吸收外商直接投资能够促进劳动生产率的提高,但却会对全要素生产率产生负向作用。相对于承接加工品的负向影响,出口消费品能够促进全要素生产率的提高。     

中国承接服务外包的驱动因素——基于2003—2013年行业面板数据的经验研究北大核心CSSCI

在经济新常态下,加快服务外包发展,推进产业结构转型升级已成为当前我国经济发展面临的迫切任务。深刻分析国际跨国企业向中国转移服务业务的动因,发挥中国服务外包产业的比较优势,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文首先梳理国内外关于外包的最新研究,分析了我国承接服务外包的发展趋势,然后基于国内外已有研究,综合比较优势、交易成本假说,构建服务外包的驱动因素模型,并运用面板数据模型实证分析了2003—2013年中国承接世界服务外包的影响因素。分析结果显示,行业开放程度、行业发展水平和劳动生产率是承接服务外包的主要正向影响因素;资本相对于劳动的丰裕程度和行业规模对承接服务外包产生负向影响。     

中国商业银行特许权价值:基于面板数据的实证研究

银行特许权价值(FV)与银行的冒险动机密切相关,FV高的银行因珍惜其FV,避免破产后被吊销执照,会自动采取审慎的经营战略;反之,FV低的银行则冒险动机强烈,导致银行失败的可能性更大。实证研究表明,国内商业银行单位资本的特许权价值(UBFV)虽然较原先有所改善,并逐渐提高,但取值仍然不高,特别是国有商业银行的UBFV还在零值附近徘徊。这揭示了中国商业银行缺乏自律动机,冒险违规事件屡屡出现的内在原因。中国商业银行只有在金融全球化、一体化的浪潮中准确把握自身优势与不足,努力提高FV,抑制过度冒险冲动,实现审慎经营,才能在全球竞争中立于不败之地。     

河南省企业自主创新能力的影响因素分析——基于行业面板数据的实证研究

笔者利用2004年～2007年河南省28个行业的面板数据,对大中型工业企业的自主创新能力进行研究,重点关注创新的积累效应以及R&D支出和国外技术引进对企业创新能力的影响.结果表明:影响企业自主创新能力的主要是R&D支出和科研人员数量,而技术引进和创新积累效应的作用都不明显.为提高自主创新能力,企业在增加R&D支出和科研人员数量的同时,还应该制定长期的创新规划,并将技术引进的重点集中于核心技术.     

我国工业企业技术创新的投入产出分析——依据行业面板数据的实证研究

运用面板计量等方法,实证研究了我国各行业技术创新的投入产出问题.在样本期间,我国各行业企业的科技活动中普遍存在着冗员现象,而资金投入不足;在高技术行业、部分传统行业均存在着较大的技术创新机会.     

外商直接投资与我国环境污染——基于EKC假说的省际面板数据分析

外商直接投资与环境污染问题已成为国际经济学领域研究的一个热点问题.本文利用我国29个省市2000-2007年的相关数据,在环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)假说的基础上,通过建立面板数据模型分析外商直接投资与我国环境污染之间的关系,并得出了FDI对我国的环境产生负面影响的相关结论.本文的实证结论支持了EKC假说.     

外包与工资差距:基于工业行业数据的实证研究

笔者以Feenstra等人的三要素模型为基础,分析了国际外包影响发达国家及发展中国家熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力之间工资差距的理论机制,运用我国工业行业面板数据,实证检验了外包对我国工业行业总体及分部门工资差距的影响。结果表明:外包和技术进步对我国工业行业熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力之间工资差距的扩大均存在明显的正效应,但外包对劳动力资源密集型部门和中等技术部门的影响效应相对更强。     

外包与生产率:基于工业行业数据的经验研究

本文使用投入产出表的数据计算了我国35个工业行业的外包比率,并以面板数据模型检验了外包对全员劳动生产率的影响;为验证其中的机理,进一步检验了外包对就业以及产出的影响。检验结果表明,当企业把原本自制的但属于其它产业的中间投入品外包出去,将会提高企业的劳动生产率。原因是,外包产生了资本节约型的技术进步;外包在提高劳动生产率的同时,对就业并没有产生负面影响,原因是规模效应抵消了替代效应。正因为这两点,外包对产出的影响可以概括为两个方面:一是促进生产可能性前沿向外移动,是生产边界的推动器;二是导致生产结构从劳动密集型向资本密集型转变,是产品结构升级的转换器。     

公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响——来自百度环境搜索的微观证据

公众环境诉求是倒逼企业污染减排的重要力量,同时也是政府环境规制水平提升的重要推力。文章先采用动态优化模型,在环境规制政策差异性和不确定性条件下,探讨了公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响机理,在此基础上将中国工业企业数据库、中国工业企业污染排放数据库和专利统计数据库匹配,得到1998-2012年41.42万个样本观测值,并通过百度环境搜索构建企业层面的公众环境诉求指标,就公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响及作用路径进行了实证检验。结果发现,公众环境诉求的增加有助于抑制企业污染排放,工具变量法等稳健性考察进一步验证了该结论的稳健性;公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响具有即时性、规模异质性、产权属性异质性、区域异质性和行业异质性,小型、非国有、中西部以及重污染型企业更倾向于诉求漠视;公众环境诉求的增加有利于促进政府加大环境规制力度。文章在丰富现有理论研究的同时,为提升公众环境参与水平和建立多元参与的环境治理体系提供了思路。     

The Impact of Green Building Labels on the Price of Housing: Evidence from China

This paper focuses on the willingness to pay for green housing in China. First, we introduce green building related labels in China and briefly discuss the consumers’ incentives to buy this kind of building. Second, with the available transaction data in Shanghai, a hedonic regression model is applied to investigate whether or not a price premium in the residential market exists. Furthermore, we use the nonparametric matching model under a treatment framework to see the robustness of our results. The empirical result shows there exists a significant price premium in China. However, the premium does not increase with quality certification tiers. That may imply that homebuyers in China are not sensitive to the differences among green buildings although they are willing to pay a higher price for this newly emerging energy-saving building. And we also give the explanation why this has happened.     

The Impact of Individual Health Account Scheme on Lifetime Income Redistribution: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the effects of a combination of individual health accounts (IHAs) and catastrophic insurance on lifetime income redistribution by examining the variations in end‐of‐life IHA balances and lifetime out‐of‐pocket health expenditures. We exploit longitudinal health expenditure data from 2005 to 2007 in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province of China. We find a high concentration of low IHA balances at the end of life, with most equal to zero. This finding suggests that most IHA balances are used for health expenditures and that the income redistribution effect through the accumulation of IHA balance is limited. However, the results also show a wide variation in lifetime out‐of‐pocket spending in the form of deductibles and coinsurance, which implies serious inequality in individual financial burden that can lead to a large income redistribution effect.     

The Impact of Non-Labor Income Given Job Heterogeneity on Household Time Allocation: The Evidence from China

This paper proposes a theoretical framework based on new household economic theories. A dataset from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) is used. Given heterogeneity in major family members’ jobs, the effect of non-labor income on household time allocation is discussed under two scenarios: jobs with flexible work hours and jobs with fixed work hours in the market. Based on the nature of the employer the major family member works for, employers can be categorized into four categories: government-owned, family contract, privately-owned, and foreign-funded. Each of the four categories is used for dissecting the data into different sets for analysis by category. The results imply that job heterogeneity is significantly correlated to household time allocation. An increase in non-labor income results in a decrease in the time allocated to housework for all households. However, leisure time is allocated differently among different households due to job heterogeneity. An increase in non-labor income leads to less leisure time for households working for government-owned or foreign-funded enterprises, and more leisure time for households working for family contract or privately-owned enterprises.     

终极所有权结构对环境信息披露的影响——来自中国重污染行业上市公司的经验证据

本文采用2009-2013年我国重污染行业上市公司的非平衡面板数据,实证检验终极所有权结构如何影响企业环境信息披露水平,结果发现:终极控制股东的现金流量权显著正向影响企业环境信息披露水平;终极控制股东的现金流量权和控制权的分离度显著负向影响企业环境信息披露水平;与终极控制股东为非国有的上市公司相比,终极控制股东为国有的上市公司具有更高的环境信息披露水平。研究表明终极所有权结构是影响企业环境信息披露水平的一个重要因素。     

Outsourcing of peripheral services: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing plant-level data

In this paper we empirically explore outsourcing decisions of peripheral services using information from a data set of 926 Spanish manufacturing plants. We find that increases in outsourcing of peripheral services are positively correlated with increases in the plant׳s market share as well as increases in product market competition and product prices. These findings are robust to controlling for whether plants belong to single-plant or multi-plant firms. These patterns are consistent with a strategic shift in the allocation of attention to core manufacturing activities, and are at odds with traditional TCE and PRT theories of vertical integration.     

The Impact of Visibility on Trade: Evidence from the World Cup

Success in the FIFA World Cup provides countries with substantial international visibility. This paper uses this information shock associated with the World Cup to show that visibility has a significant impact on trade flows. In isolating the visibility effect, two identification problems are solved. Match outcomes in the World Cup are subject to significant uncertainty. This uncertainty, when combined with controls for economic development, makes World Cup success exogenous to exports. By contrast, hosting the World Cup is potentially endogenous owing to self‐selection issues. The paper exploits FIFA's host selection policy to construct exogenous instruments for hosting. The results show that success in the World Cup raises exports temporarily by around 5%.     

国有企业改制对就业的影响——来自11个城市的证据

在20世纪90年代中后期,中国工业企业的就业规模大幅度下降,许多人认为,企业改制是其主要原因。本文通过对11个城市386家企业从1995年到2001年的面板数据的研究,评估了企业改制对就业的影响。我们的面板数据回归结果显示,和一般印象相反,改制显著地减缓了就业的下降趋势。我们还发现,改制对企业的就业增长有持续的和递增的积极作用。即使在控制了企业的绩效、就业条件、资产结构以及改制前就业历史之后,我们仍然得到相同的结论。另外,我们还使用了倾向分值匹配基础上的差分内差分方法对我们的结果进行了验证,也得到了相似的结论。     

The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Services: Evidence from Italy

This article investigates the employment impact of innovation in services, using the data gathered through the 1993-95 Italian innovation survey. The empirical evidence shows that the impact of innovation on employment varies greatly across industries and according to the level of qualification of the labour force. Among small firms and in less than a half of the service sectors considered, the employment impact of innovation is positive, particularly in industries that have a strong scientific and technological base. A negative impact of innovation on employment is, on the contrary, found among large firms, capital-intensive industries and in all financial-related sectors (banking, insurance and other financial services). In these industries the labour-saving effect of innovation seems to be linked to the widespread use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which displace the least qualified employees. In the case of Italy, an overall negative impact of innovation on employment is found. It is argued that this result is affected by the Italian economy's specialisation in the most traditional service industries.