Workplace Accident Compensation Reform A Reappraisal

Despite the considerable time and money spent by various states investigating mounting financial problems in workers' compensation in recent years, we still do not know very much about the causes of the problems. An important reason for this has been that the debate in Australia has suffered from a number of misconceptions and lack of analytical rigour. This article outlines how some basic economics can provide a framework for analysing many issues in the workers' compensation debate. In doing so the analysis casts doubt on a number of conventional wisdoms, particularly the belief that employers pay for workers' compensation and the assumption that current levels of government involvement in worker disability insurance arrangements are justified. In addition, data from New South Wales are presented that suggest the main reason for increased costs is higher income maintenance payment per claim. As with overseas experience, higher benefit levels appear to give workers more incentive to stay away from work and make claims for injuries whose severity is harder to measure.     

On the Dynamic Consistency of Reform and Compensation Schemes

To make reform possible, politically strong losers have to be bought out. Whether the losers are fully compensated upfront or given running compensation depends on their political influence after reform. We build a simple but general model to study dynamic consistency of compensation and political support for reform. We find that positive but decreasing compensation is required in every period up to the last period the losers have political influence. In that period it increases dramatically. If there are limited resources available to compensate the losers upfront, increasing the cost of reversing the reform may reduce the political feasibility of reform.     

股权分置改革对流通股股东补偿问题的研究

股权分置改革是当前我国资本市场的热点问题，实施股权分置改革试点上市公司的股权分置改革方案的出台，更引起了广泛的关注。本文运用量化分析模型对股权分置改革中有关流通股股东的补偿问题进行了研究，得出了补偿的合理性是影响流通股股东对方案认可的重要因素这一结论，并结合实施股权分置改革试点上市公司所推出的具体方案进行了验证。     

股改对价方案设计的理论基础

本文首先探讨了上市公司股权分置改革的重要意义,通过股权分置改革对价方案设计的理论基础的分析,认为对价方案的设计和测算都需要对市盈率(或市净率)水平及流通股和非流通股的价格进行合理取值。     

股权流通性改善对高管激励机制的影响——来自中国股权分置改革前后高管薪酬的证据

以往对股改前上市公司的研究表明,高管薪酬与公司业绩不相关或相关度不高。通过对比股权分置改革前后高管薪酬的情况,本文实证分析了股权分置改革对高管激励机制的影响。我们发现,与股改前相比,上市公司高管薪酬与业绩的敏感性显著提高;与未股改公司相比,股改公司高管薪酬与业绩的敏感性更高。本文论证了股权流通性改善对于完善高管薪酬激励制度的积极意义,为全面评估股权分置改革与理解高管薪酬的制度约束提供了经验证据。     

Ambiguity and Accident Law

Environmental accidents often involve ambiguous risks, i.e., the relevant probabilities are unknown. This paper studies how liability rules are affected by ambiguity. The injurer and the victim choose a level of care, which is observable, and an unobservable action. Both actions may affect the size and/or likelihood of loss. We analyze the welfare implications of tort rules. First, we show that with ambiguity, negligence is likely to perform better than strict liability. Second, we propose a tort rule of negligence and punitive damages, which gives the efficient levels of both care and unobserved actions.     

管理层权力、薪酬标杆与高管薪酬制定

本文分析了管理层权力通过薪酬标杆的选取影响自身薪酬制定的过程和机理,并以2011~2014年我国A股上市公司为研究对象,实证检验管理层权力对上市公司高管薪酬的影响,探究了薪酬标杆在管理层权力和高管薪酬制定之中的传导作用。实证结果表明,管理层权力以及薪酬标杆与上市公司高管薪酬均存在正相关关系,上市公司高管利用管理层权力影响薪酬制定的路径之一,是通过影响董事会对薪酬标杆的选取进而达到操纵自身薪酬的目的。     

浅议国家赔偿中精神损害赔偿问题

国家赔偿法自颁布实施以来,在限制国家权力滥用,维护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益,保障其依法享有取得国家赔偿的权利上起了积极的作用,但并没有达到人们预期的完美效果。文章从现实的案例出发就近年来法学理论界和司法实践中的热点问题——国家赔偿中精神损害赔偿的相关问题作一浅显地探讨。     

Unemployment Durations in West Germany Before and After the Reform of the Unemployment Compensation System during the 1980s

Abstract. This paper analyzes empirically the distribution of unemployment durations in West Germany during the 1980s and 1990s. It therefore covers periods before and after the changes during the mid‐1980s in the maximum entitlement periods for unemployment benefits for older unemployed. The analysis is based on the IAB employment subsample containing administrative data for about 500,000 individuals. Since these data only partly reveal the unemployment duration in an economic sense, we use a narrow and a wide proxy for unemployment. Our empirical analysis finds significant changes in the distribution of non‐employment durations for older unemployed. At the same time, the distribution of unemployment durations between jobs remained unchanged after the reforms. Our findings clearly show that many firms and workers used the more beneficial laws as a part of early retirement packages. Surprisingly, for those workers who found and accepted a new job, we do not observe a prolongation of their search periods to a sizeable extent.     

全流域生态补偿标准设计依据和横向补偿模式

为全流域生态补偿标准的设计依据和横向补偿模式提出了理论框架和实践指导.总结出目前我国流域生态补偿理论与实践中存在的五个突出问题.针对上述问题,提出两点解决思路:(1)在评估上游的生态系统建设和保护成本和下游的生态系统损失的基础上确立生态补偿标准;分析了将流域生态系统服务价值的评估值作为生态补偿依据的不合理性;分析了用污染物削减成本或生态修复成本代替生态损失的不恰当的逻辑;论述了补偿标准确定过程中协商和博弈的重要性. (2)构建以基于市场的横向补偿为主、财政纵向转移支付为辅的新型动态复合生态补偿模式.提出污染物转移削减这一合作治污途径,并采用污染物转移削减支付(一种横向补偿形式)进行生态补偿.     

Compensation Policies and Teacher Decisions

A dynamic, discrete choice framework with a flexible structure for unobserved heterogeneity is used to model the occupational decisions of individuals who are certified to teach in elementary and secondary schools. The model is estimated using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and is used to examine the effects of possible changes in the compensation policy for teachers.     

生态林业补偿问题初探

我国生态林业建设面临着资金问题，本文分析了对生态林业建设进行补偿的必要性，并提出理论依据和法律及政策依据，说明补偿的可能性，最后从补偿费的征收范围与对象、征收标准及征收办法、补偿费的使用与管理方面提出建立生态林业补偿制度的设想。     

薪酬管制与企业盈余持续性

基于薪酬改革的制度背景,以2010-2018年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,考察了薪酬管制对企业盈余持续性及其组成部分的影响.实证结果发现:薪酬管制对企业盈余持续性及其组成部分的持续性皆具有显著的负面影响.同时,企业产权性质不同时,二者之间的负向关系也存在差异,薪酬管制对国有企业盈余持续性的影响相较非国有企业更为显著;且对中央国企盈余持续性的影响也相较地方国企更为显著.进一步的研究表明,管理层权力会显著增强薪酬管制与盈余及其组成部分持续性之间的负向关系.研究结论不仅拓展了薪酬管制对企业长期发展的影响研究,而且为推进我国企业薪酬制度改革,完善薪酬管制政策提供了经验证据.     

A Note on Compensation Schemes

In general, an economic reform wins unanimous support only if it incorporates a scheme of compensation.
It is widely believed that
(a) all lump-sum compensations: (i) have impractical information requirements about the technology of firms and the preferences of households, or (ii) are not manipulation-proof.
(b) Non-lumpsum compensations constitute feasible alternatives.
Further to the dissenting views of Kemp and Wan, this note makes two points: The first is that in a realistic model with overlapping generations, there is a lump-sum compensation scheme which is manipulation-proof . The second is that the presence of multiple equilibria may create havoc for a non-lumpsum compensation scheme. In real life, we have no information to rule out multiplicity.     

外部性补偿与西部开发

本文认为我国西部落后于东后,根本的症结是外部的存在,由于外部性的存在,使得西部地区得自于全国的收益小于它给予全国的收益,投入资源,但不能取得完全收益,西部产权遭受损害。所以,开发西部,有必要从根本上解决西部地区的外部性问题,通过把外部性内化为西部地区的要素投入,维护西部产权的完整性,进而为西部开发奠基持续而稳固的根基,把西部开发顺利推向前进。     

Tariff Compensation Without Omniscience*

The piecemeal application of second-best arguments to practical policy-making is highly dangerous. This paper attempts to demonstrate this by taking the recent Australian debate over ‘tariff compensation’ as an example. The attempt to ‘compensate’ for tariff-induced distortions in output prices by means of input subsidies is shown to lead to informational problems so serious that the pursuit of such a policy in practice seems unwise. This point is argued by means of extensive numerical examples. These suggest that the potential welfare gains from tariff compensation, optimally applied, are small relative to the potential costs of well-intentioned but erroneous interventions.