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1.
    
This paper assesses Joseph Schumpeter's agenda for the integration of theory and history. On the basis of a critical realist conception of the nature of historical theory it is argued that Schumpeter's aims are at odds with his analytical strategy: his implicit ontology cannot be reconciled with his conception of theory. An illustration is provided as to how this mismatch is reproduced in Schumpeter's substantive attempts to integrate theory and history, and brief reflections are offered as to why this mismatch arose and endured.  相似文献   

2.
    
The initial argument developed in this paper is that a wants-basedconception of the objectives of policy, clearly operative inhis broadcasting studies, together with the acceptance of certainassumed properties of the competitive process, tightly constrainCoase's work. At times, for example, when considering the impactof advertising, Coase accepts that the assessment of policymust be carried out on a broader basis. Coase does not, however,go on to develop a criterion beyond wants. Elsewhere, he highlightsthe importance of the distinction between wants and needs. Thispaper further argues that, by elaborating upon this distinction,it becomes possible to give an indication of how a broader frameworkfor the assessment of policy might be developed.  相似文献   

3.
Historical reference: Hume and critical realism   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The purpose of this paper is to make the case for discussingdevelopments in the history of thought as having the potentialto inform modern discussion. The case is made by means of consideringthe particular relevance of David Hume's thought for criticalrealism, emphasising his use of the concepts of belief and imaginationboth in establishing philosophical foundations and as beingrelevant for theory content. The notion that context is significantis used constructively by suggesting that important elementsin common between the contexts of Hume and of modern discussionsreinforce the potential value of considering Hume's ideas.  相似文献   

4.
The volume under review consists of comments on critical realismby heterodox economists. This paper addresses a number of themesfrom the book, e.g., history and reflexivity, sometimes expandingon the authors' comments on critical realism, other times respondingto them on behalf of critical realists. It considers the goalsof critical realism and ask to what extent the book furthersthem. It concludes that the high level of abstraction at whichcritical realism operates encourages those commenting on itto do so at a similarly high level of abstraction. As it stands,critical realism and the contributions to the book are too divorcedfrom the concerns of concrete economic theorising to be of greatuse to practising heterodox economists.  相似文献   

5.
For the last 15 years there have been extensive discussionsabout the foundations of Post Keynesian economics. From thesediscussions, Post Keynesians have reached the consensus thattheir economics is based on a philosophical foundation of realismand critical realism. However, the methodological foundationof Post Keynesian economics, which refers to the methodologicalguidelines used for creating and developing theory, has receivedrelatively less discussion and development. The aim of thispaper is to stimulate discussion in this area by advocatingthat the method of grounded theory is consistent with criticalrealism and is a better and more developed set of guidelinesfor theory creation than the currently accepted alternatives.  相似文献   

6.
The paper discusses a critical realist interpretation of evolutionarygrowth theorising by focusing on some of its basic characteristics.The evolutionary ontology is complex, differentiated, structured,systemic, open, ever-changing and radically uncertain. Its methodologytends to be increasingly based on ‘appreciative’theorising, retroductive explanations and interdisciplinaryanalysis. After discussing these features, the paper suggeststhat critical realism may indeed constitute an important philosophicaland methodological foundation for the future development ofevolutionary theories of economic growth.  相似文献   

7.
This paper examines critically the method of abstraction offeredby critical realism. Our main argument is that critical realismfails to articulate the synthetic side to abstraction. For thisreason, the critical realist method is unable to capture the‘inner connection’ of social phenomena. We arguethat critical realism is prone to extend a method (partially)applicable to the local and specific level of analysis to thehistorical level. The paper develops a method of abstraction,‘systematic abstraction’, that is appropriate tothis historical level. We argue that systematic abstractionconstitutes a radical addition to critical realism, one whichchallenges the fundamental precepts of the critical realistapproach to abstraction.  相似文献   

8.
A realist appraisal of post-Keynesian pricing theory   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper argues that, based on the ontological insights ofcritical realism, epistemological guidelines can be establishedto review post-Keynesian pricing theories critically. Consequently,the paper suggests a basis on which the coherence of post-Keynesianpricing theory can be established. Crucially, some often-citedcontributions are inconsistent with such a realist-defined post-Keynesianeconomics. The role of empirical work in critical realism isdiscussed.  相似文献   

9.
The aim of this paper is to initiate a dialogue between criticalrealism (CR) and what is termed a ‘post'ist perspective’.This amalgamated perspective is composed of relatively recenttransdisciplinary theoretical approaches such as poststructuralism,deconstruction, feminism and postcolonial theory. Such a conversationbetween CR and post'isms within economics has not been attemptedbefore. I shall argue that this uncommon methodological exchangeis worth pursuing, since it allows us to raise important newquestions. After the initial stage-setting, the dialogue proceedsin two parts. In the first part, aspects of CR are evaluatedusing post'ist insights. In the second part, certain underconsideredtheoretical domains in CR are highlighted. I conclude by sketchingthe outline of a possible non-universalist and strategicallyessentialist way of considering knowledge—as a ContextualSocial Political Economy praxis.  相似文献   

10.
The human subject plays a central role in the theory of socialreality developed by Tony Lawson in his book Economics and Reality.This theory relies on an account of human cognitive functioningthat distinguishes discursive from tacit knowledge. The presentpaper argues that Lawson's discussion of tacit knowledge inEconomics and Reality is underdeveloped in that it leaves unexploredthe notion of internalised knowledge. John Searle's work onmind, intentionality and the Background is reviewed and proposedas a solution to this problem.  相似文献   

11.
演化经济学的两种系统观   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
演化经济学在系统处理方法上呈现出两种不同的主张,一种是以复杂适应系统理论为导向的演化建模分析方法,而另一种则强调多层级本体论和涌现观,并对复杂系统建模持抵制态度,尽管在反对主流经济学微观还原论这一点上两者取得了一致,但建立在相似性理论基础上的复杂系统建模更适合对复杂性存在的描述,而强调比较的、历史的和阐释的多层级本体论和涌现观的系统分析方法则更接近经验事实。  相似文献   

12.
Reflections on critical realism in political economy   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
This paper studies critical realism in political economy. Thefocal points are two important tensions in critical realism.The first tension relates generally to the status and importanceof philosophy and the scope of critical realism. The secondtension relates specifically to critical realism in politicaleconomy. Firstly, two perspectives within critical realism inpolitical economy are separated: a Marxist current and a broadheterodox current. Secondly, these two perspectives within criticalrealism are contrasted and discussed on the basis of a criticalstance towards philosophical reductionism. Thirdly, it is arguedthat reconciliation between central aspects of the two perspectivesis both feasible and desirable, and finally, neo-Marxist politicaleconomy is pinpointed as a critical-constructive and developmentalmediation for critical realism in political economy.  相似文献   

13.
    
This article investigates Joseph Schumpeter's affinities with Thorstein Veblen with respect to technological change and determinism, the future of capitalism, individualism and institutions. From a methodological point of view, a common point in their analysis is their anti-teleological view regarding economics as a discipline. Also, in the Schumpeterian system, technology is the cornerstone of economic evolution and appears as the making of new combinations. In the Veblenian theoretical framework, the bearer of change is to be found, inter alia, in technology, just like in Schumpeter's works, although not without differences. They also share the opinion that technology revolutionises capitalism and has serious implications for its future as a system. Furthermore, regarding individualism, in his work Schumpeter stresses the importance of the social milieu on individual action, a fact which bears strong resemblance to the Veblenian notion of evolution as ‘depersonalized evolution’. In this sense, Schumpeter is very close to Veblen, although Schumpeter's approach could be classified in what is called institutionalist individualism, whereas Veblen could be classified as holist. Undoubtedly, the role of institutions is of great importance in both Schumpeter and Veblen. Ιnstitutions in the Schumpeterian schema play a central role closely related to the future of capitalism. Institutional and non-institutional factors enter into complex forms of interaction just like in Veblen's approach. There, institutions are part of the social milieu and their underlying framework, much wider than mere economic and social. Of course, the theoretical analyses of Schumpeter and Veblen are not devoid of differences springing mainly from their methodological approach such as the role of the individual in the capitalist process which is probably the most significant difference regarding the importance attributed to it in Schumpeter's early works. Also, the way technical change appears constitutes another difference. However, his views are quite close to Veblen's. After all, Schumpeter began to write in a social, political, theoretical and ideological environment at a time when evolutionary ideas dominated social thought.  相似文献   

14.
ASSA Paper. ASA Session on Schumpeter  相似文献   

15.
To illustrate the potential use of plural research methods,two studies of Australian women's retirement incomes are examined.The first study employed quantitative microsimulation techniques.Its outcomes emphasised low lifetime earnings as a cause ofwomen's lower retirement incomes. The second study used an inductiveapproach known as grounded theory, and its conclusions emphasisedhousehold decision-making processes as a cause of both women'slow lifetime earnings and lower retirement incomes. Using Runde'scriteria for assessing causal explanations, a comparison ismade of the outcomes of the two studies. The conclusion is that,rather than being seen as competing accounts, the outcomes ofthe two varying research methods can be viewed as complementary.By demonstrating the different insights afforded by contrastingresearch methods, this paper provides some support for pluralismof research methods within the discipline of economics.  相似文献   

16.
In a recent paper, Matthias Kelm (1997) accepts that `Schumpeter's definition of evolution does not contain any Darwinian mechanism such as natural selection or any other biological concept' and that Schumpeter `made no such attempt' to apply `Darwinian theory to economic evolution'. However, Kelm goes on to argue that Schumpeter would have been a Darwinian if circumstances were different. It is argued here that this contention is highly implausible because Schumpeter explicitly rejected biological metaphors and analogies in economics. Furthermore, Schumpeter misunderstood Darwinism. In his attempt to `interpret' Schumpeter as a Darwinian, Kelm himself misrepresents the three core principles of Darwinism. In addition Kelm's paper contains several misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the assessment of Schumpeter made by Hodgson (1993). This present response concludes that Schumpeter was indeed one of the greatest economists of the twentieth century and that he may legitimately be described as an `evolutionary economist'. However, he cautioned strongly against the use of biological metaphors in economics and there is no legitimate basis for describing his approach as Darwinian.  相似文献   

17.
    
The microfoundations discourse originated as a critique of modelling abstracted from theory, in the sense of an explanation of the economic decisions that are supposed to give rise to particular economic outcomes. However, reduction of theory to individual choices and optimisation, integrated by prices and markets, overlooks the key role played by the circular flow of income in integrating individual choices, noted by Schumpeter and Marx, and the key distinction between households and firms that underlies Keynesian macroeconomics and the theories of Minsky, because the expenditure decisions of firms determine aggregate incomes.  相似文献   

18.
    
The identification of innovation in service firms is problematic since there is no consensus of opinion on its conceptualization. Recent papers suggest both distinctive features of innovation in services and distinctive types of service innovation. This article reviews and evaluates these findings from a Schumpeterian perspective. The evaluation justifies conceptualizing service innovation as a specific case of service development with a reference to Schumpeter, but not as strict as proposed by Drejer (2004) [Drejer, I. (2004) Identifying Innovation in Surveys of Services: A Schumpeterian Perspective. Research Policy, 33, 551–562]. Despite the simultaneity of production and consumption in services, this article claims that the distinction between product innovation and process innovation should be preferred to other ways of classifying innovation in service firms. Finally, changes in the denomination of services are advanced as a key to the identification of development and innovation in service firms.  相似文献   

19.
对技术解读上的工具主义方式有着内在的缺陷,背离了马克思对技术本质的完整意义上的理解,缺失了从人与人的关系上、从属人世界的角度来诠释技术这一人类实践活动的形式。将社会技术与自然技术的视角完整统一、将人的尺度与物的尺度有机契合,才有可能真正消除技术异化问题。  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Modern theory of popularisation suggests that the production and the popularisation of scientific knowledge are interlinked and interactive processes. This perspective offers new insights into Joseph A. Schumpeter's main work in public finance, The Crisis of the Tax State, and into his later endeavours as Finance Minister and journalist to popularise two central economic ideas of this work, the once-and-for-all capital levy and the reform of the tax system. We demonstrate that Schumpeter's Crisis contains popularising features and was written with a popularising intention. Furthermore, we show that in his journalistic works popularisation went hand in hand with the development of innovative economic ideas.  相似文献   

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