城市土地利用及规划存在的问题与对策研究

我国城市化进程的加快使得在城市土地利用过程中,用地规模扩张过快、土地利用效率低下、用地结构失调等各种问题日益突出,而城市土地利用规划功能又相对较弱、管理尚不完善.针对这些问题提出了从系统的角度进行城市土地利用和规划,以城市发展规划为总领,合理控制各类土地的使用,促进土地资源的集约利用与城市生态经济系统的协调发展,以及城市土地利用规划的对策建议.     

城市土地集约化利用之我见

在二十一世纪的城市发展大潮中,如何有效地控制城市的占地规模,提高土地利用的集约度是我国土地管理部门目前最为关门的问题。研究城市土地集约利用,对于提高城市土地使用效率,实现耕地总量动态平衡和社会经济可持续发展都有着重大而深远的意义。     

不同城市扩张类型的土地利用效率测度与对比——基于斑块标度律视角

以全国“七大区域、十大城市群、六个等级”的363个城市为研究对象,综合运用景观扩张指数、标度律、探索性空间数据分析的方法,多尺度研究全国土地利用效率空间分布特征,探索不同土地扩张类型对城市土地利用效率影响,得出以下结论：(1) GDP和建设用地面积与人口之间符合标度律关系,但呈现两种不同的关系,其中GDP与人口呈超线性关系,而建设用地面积与人口呈次线性关系。(2)全国土地利用效率整体上表现“东高西低,南高北低”格局。(3)三种土地扩张类型利用效率从高到低依次为：内填型、边缘型、飞地型。具体来看,针对不同扩张类型,高值与低值分布区域存在明显差异。(4)针对不同等级城市各个扩张类型土地利用效率的对比发现,一线城市、新一线城市和二线城市的内填型扩张与高土地利用效率具有更高的关联性。     

“正本清源”仍是2006’主旋律

“目前我国闲置和批而未用的土地仍有390多万亩”,中国土地学会会长邹玉川在“中国土地市场年会”上,一语道出我国目前土地利用效率比较低,浪费也相对严重的实情。尽管今年以来,各级国土资源管理部门运用土地供应政策参与宏观调控,使得土地市场正在发生积极的变化,提高土地利用     

浅议我国城市发展过程中的土地集约利用

随着经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,我国土地供需矛盾进一步突出,部分城市建设"新城区"过程中出现土地资源浪费、土地利用效率不高等问题。本文在实例分析的基础上,针对城市发展过程中存在的问题,提出土地集约利用的途径和措施。     

城市边缘区域土地可持续利用问题及对策研究

城市边缘区域,是连接城市新陈代谢的各个组成部分,既有肉眼可见的“关节”,也有潜藏暗存的“脉络”.城市边缘区域土地利用的目标,应从满足城市的基本功能需要,转向土地的合理配置和高效利用,从而使得社会、经济、生态与环境的综合效益达到最大化.这就要求我们从区域土地可持续利用的角度出发,制定土地利用规划,合理进行土地布局;整合土...     

关于土地节约集约利用现状问题的研究

目前中国正处于经济快速发展的时期,城市化水平不断提高,工业化进程不断加快,工业化和城市化发展所带来的土地利用压力非常显著：耕地数量剧减,城市建设用地要求量不断增加,城市存量土地利用粗放,城市用地布局不合理,这一切导致土地资源保护与经济发展的矛盾进一步凸显。提高土地使用效率,挖掘城市用地潜力,促进城市存量土地节约与集约利用就成为我国经济社会发展和资源保护工作的重中之重。     

陕西省城市土地利用效率的时序特征及区域差异分析

本文采用DEA方法对2005-2010年陕西省城市土地利用效率进行了测度和分析。研究表明:陕西省城市整体土地利用效率水平较高,但呈现波动下降趋势的时序特征;从区域上来看,城市土地利用效率存在显著的区域差异,表现为陕北、陕南、关中依次降低的格局。总体看来,陕西省城市土地利用效率的提升,既要关注资源的持续投入,更要调整要素投入结构、优化资源配置,使土地利用方式由粗放型向集约型方式转变。     

地理与城市土地利用效率——基于2004～2008中国城市面板数据实证分析

本文基于2004 ～2008年的全国土地变更数据以及城市统计面板数据,选取距省会城市、邻近大城市、港口城市以及邻近省域省会城市的距离以及城市地理因素,研究了地理与城市土地利用效率的关系,重点探讨距离的影响.研究发现,由于目前我国大城市溢出效应还未完全发挥,距大城市越近土地利用效率反而越低;距省会城市越近,有助于城市土地利用效率的提高;距邻近省城省会城市距离对土地利用效率影响不显著;距港口城市越近,较低的交通成本有利于获取国外市场,土地利用效率较高.因此,在经济转型时期,加强基础设施建设、增进城市间沟通,缩短与省会城市、港口城市的距离,将更加有助于城市土地利用效率的提高.     

上海城市土地增值影响因素分析

土地可以说是最重要的一类自然资源。与其他资源相比，土地最鲜明的特点就在于它的“固定性”。土地的固定性主要表现在两个方面：一是“数量不变”：二是“缺乏流动”。这两个特点对城市经济发展影响极大。所谓土地增值是指在土地利用过程中土地收益不断     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.