Injury prevention priority setting based on the National Injury Surveillance data in Korea

For the reduction of injury burden, injury prevention efforts are essential. However, financial, material and human resources are far from sufficient, and this situation necessitates setting priorities for effective injury prevention. Hence, the aim of this study is to prioritise 13 injury mechanisms for prevention of injury using four injury burden criteria. National death certificate, hospital discharge data and emergency data during 2004 were used. According to the 13 most frequent injury mechanisms (ICD-10), mortality priority score, years of potential life lost (YPLL) priority score, morbidity priority score and hospital charge priority score were calculated. Injury mechanisms which were ranked fourth or higher on at least three of the four criteria scores were arranged in rank orders. Traffic crashes ranked highest on all four of the priority criteria for injury prevention followed by fall and poisoning in second and third positions, respectively. Categorised by age groups, in 0–19 year olds, traffic crashes, suffocation and drowning; in 20–59 years, traffic crashes, suffocation and poisoning; and in 60 and over, traffic crashes and fall were shown to be significant injury prevention priority in rank orders. Injury prevention priorities identified from this study could be useful in strategically allocating limited resources and implementing more focused prevention policies in Korea.     

The pattern and predictors of intentionally inflicted injuries on Greek adults; data from an Emergency Injury Surveillance System (EDISS)

Background Intentional injuries due to violence are both a social and a public health problem in most societies. This study assesses the patterns and some of the sociodemographic determinants of violence-related injuries among Greek adults. Methods Data recorded by the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS) during the two-year period 1996-1997 were used. This database relies on all age injury data collected in the emergency departments of three sentinel hospitals, covering both urban and rural population areas. Results Among 52026 recorded injuries, 1322 (3%) were violence related, excluding self-inflicted injuries, while the majority of injuries (28269) were attributed to home and leisure accidents. Weapons of any type were used only in 5% of violence-related injuries. In comparison to home and leisure injuries, the intentionally inflicted injuries occurred more frequently among men, among those 25-54 years old, and were particularly common among migrants and during late night and early morning hours. Violence-related injuries frequently occur in pubs, restaurants, cafeterias and other places of entertainment. However, 52% of violence-related injuries among women occurred at home. Intentional injuries were generally more severe than unintentional ones. Conclusions We conclude that violence is not a negligible public health problem in the Greek population, but is considerably less serious than in most other developed countries. In particular, firearms-related injuries represent a very small fraction of the generally low incidence of violence-related injuries in this Mediterranean country.     

基于优先级与时间裕度的卫星应急观测任务规划

应急观测是对地观测卫星为配合地面紧急行动而执行的任务,具有紧迫性、集中性等特点,为任务规划带来了困难。针对应急观测的特点,描述了影响任务规划的卫星资源及任务的主要属性,定义了考虑重要性与紧迫性的任务优先级,提出了一个反映任务紧迫性要求满足程度的属性——时间裕度。建立了任务规划模型,构造了一个基于优先级与任务时间裕度的规划目标,确定了一系列规划约束,并利用遗传算法对模型进行求解。通过与最大化任务重要度的常规任务规划进行对比可见,所建立的模型能够有效提高任务成功率。     

Injury mortality in local communities in Sweden and in the three Baltic States: implications for prevention

This study provides a comparative time-trend evaluation of injury mortality in local communities in Sweden and the three Baltic States, considering their national socio-political and economic situations and with analysis of local injury prevention structures and activities. Data for the period from 1990 to 2002 were gathered from national statistical offices for the cities of Bor?s, Tartu, Jelgava and Kaunas and from WHO databases for national level analyses. The death rates for Bor?s remained relatively stable over the time period, while the Baltic communities had increasing rates until 1994 and seemed to stabilize after 1997. The differences in injury mortality in the studied communities were highest for the 0 - 19 year age group and especially in the 20 - 64 year age group, but not for the 65+ year age group. Local communities in the Baltic States should consider coordinated safety promotion and injury prevention programmes as a complement to national safety promotion framework.     

基于数据链的无人机空中自动防撞技术

分析了一种基于数据链的自动空中防撞技术,从空中自动防撞系统需求出发,描述了系统基本工作原理和流程。采用二次曲线拟合方法,给出了最优控制数学模型,以求解无人机航路间的最小距离,实现最优机动操作组合。仿真分析结果表明,空中自动防撞系统可在碰撞发生前的最后时刻有效完成逃逸操作,避免发生飞行碰撞,可为无人机编队提供进近飞行的安全防护。     

基于UDP的大数据包可靠传输

为了很好地满足战术训练模拟器对网络数据实时性和可靠性的要求,提出AUDP(Augme nted UDP)模型。该模型在程序的应用层,通过增加用于可靠传输的协议头,采用智能重发 机制、大数据包智能分包重组机制、多线程数据处理机制,实现了数据高效可靠地传输。同 时,从原理和实验数据详细比较了AUDP与TCP和普通UDP方法之间的差别,分析了各自的优缺 点。实验数据表明,传输小于50 kbyte时,AUDP的效率要高于TCP约20%;而在一次性传输的 数据大于3 Mbyte时,TCP的效率要高。结果说明AUDP比较适合战术训练模拟器网络通信需要 。     

多传感器数据融合中基于目标识别的DS算法研究

由于多传感器数据中对目标的描述通常存在或多或少的模糊、相驳、遗缺等现象,在多传感器数据融合处理中如何对目标进行有效可靠的识别,是一个备受关注的难题。本文对多传感器数据融合处理中基于ＤＳ算法的目标识别问题进行了较深入的探讨,利用ＤＳ算法对不确定性信息的推理判断机制,为解决上述难题提供了一种有效的方法。     

基于时间序列聚类的多雷达数据融合

针对多雷达数据融合问题,提出了基于时间序列的聚类算法,用于实现航迹相关,即以时间序列为基础把聚类模型转化为基于特征匹配的聚类算法。进一步考虑到多目标密集时,部分来自不同目标的数据可能比来自同一目标的数据更接近,易导致关联错误,为此提出了基于时间序列的模糊聚类算法。对上述两种算法的聚类结果,应用卡尔曼滤波器实现滤波跟踪,在不同的情况下仿真后发现,在跟踪目标较少且相互位置较远的情况下,两种算法均有效,在跟踪目标较多且相互位置靠近的情况下,基于时间序列的模糊聚类算法更有效。     

基于数据传输网络的无人机协同系统设计

介绍了使用数据传输网络的方式实现的无人机协同系统。与传统的点对点测控系统相比,该系统在体系模型、成员类型和网络运行过程等方面有所不同。分析了该系统体系运行中的关键点,包括任务规划、网络管理、自组织以及移动环境中网络冲突。最后指出,为适应逐步增加的用户数量,后续发展将关注网络传输容量的增加和减少入网接入时间。     

基于星上自适应FEC的卫星数据分发

为了解决卫星数据分发系统中雨衰对下行链路的异构性影响,建立了基于再生转发器和多波束技术的卫星数据分发系统简化模型,提出了采用星上自适应分组级FEC（Forward Error Control）的下行链路差错控制方法,针对下行链路的降雨等级自适应选择纠错码率,在不占用上行共享链路的情况下,实现对下行链路差错控制的动态调整,给出了采用RSE码的星上自适应FEC的算法公式,通过MATLAB软件和端到端的FEC技术进行了仿真比较分析,结果表明,当下行链路降雨率小于50%时,网络吞吐率可提高12%~25%。该策略可以为多波束宽带卫星数据分发系统的设计提供参考。     

云环境下基于MKd-Tree的大规模图数据索引技术

由于高维属性和海量数据所带来的影响,数据管理需要相当高的计算负载,传统的 集中索引技术已经变得不切实际。为满足数据的快速增长、海量和高维特性的要求,实现了 一个高层次的分布式树形索引结构框架MRC-Tree。基于MRC- Tree框架基础上,提出了两种MKd-Tree索引结构构建方法,即OMKd-Tree和MMKd-Tree。 理论分析和实验结果表明,基于MRC-Tree框架的MKd-Tree索引结构构建方法具有良好的可扩 展性和较高的检索效率。     

一种网格概率多目标数据关联算法

针对多目标跟踪中数据关联问题,提出了一种基于网格概率的数据关联算法。该算法 首先计算出关联门内全部回波的关联系数,然后利用网格概率的思想将关联系数小的有效回 波的系数值配权给其它有效回波,同时对于两跟踪波门交叉区域内的有效回波也使用配权 法分别分配给两个跟踪波门内的其它邻近回波,最后通过概率加权进行数据关联。仿真结果 表明,该算法能够有效解决多目标跟踪中的数据关联问题,并且有较高的关联正确率,而且 CPU占用时间较短。     

一种新颖的面向数据流量特征的片上网络设计

片上网络中处理器核之间、处理器与缓存之间通信具有不同的数据流量特征,因此需要不同的网络带宽和网络拓扑结构。针对上述两种通信流量的差异,设计了一种异构非对称双片上网络,分别用于处理器核之间和处理器与缓存之间的通信,并且每个网络都针对占主导地位的数据流量类型进行了优化。实验结果表明,与传统的单片上网络和同构的双片上网络相比,该设计不仅具有网络延迟低、网络带宽高的优点,而且提升了系统的整体性能。     

基于Linux的嵌入式高速SAR数据存储技术

为了实现对SAR 原始回波数据的实时存储,提出了在以PowerPC为硬件核心的嵌入式L inux软件平台上,使用SSD硬盘实现高速数据存储的方案。采用Linux驱动程序控制SAS硬盘 控制器,将SAR原始回波数据记录在SSD硬盘阵列上。模拟实验测试中数据存储速度可以达到 200 Mbyte/s。分析了影响数据存储速度的因素,实验表明该方案可以满足SAR原始回 波数据实时存储的要求。     

基于QualNet的无人机数据链时延仿真

概述了无人机数据链的网络组成,介绍了通信网络仿真 软件QualNet的功能特点及其架构,并在该软件平台下建立无人机数据链时延仿真模型,分 析远近程无人机在不同MAC信道接入协议下的平均端到端时延和平均抖动。仿真结果表明, 设计无人机数据链时可优先采用TDMA接入协议。     

基于国家标准的建筑装饰工程技术专业教学研究

在探讨建筑装饰工程技术专业国家教学标准基础上,提出依据专业教学标准修订人才培养方案,打造专业教师团队,加强校内实训室和校外实习基地建设,不断丰富教材、图书文献及数字教学资源等举措,以实现达标基础上的建筑装饰工程技术专业教学质量全面提高。     

外弹道测量多测速元数据融合同步修正方法

采用数据融合算法完成高精度外弹道测量对各测元时间同步有着严格的技术要求。在分析时间不同步对融合弹道测速精度的影响基础上,分析了引起无线电测速时间不同步的因素,并构建了有效的数学修正模型。针对融合弹道速度异常超差现象,依据对测速误差理论模型公式和无线电测速原理分析结果,提出基于各测量设备测速数据解算模型的积分点移位和传播延迟修正模型算法,并应用于潜射弹的数据融合同步修正。工程应用结果表明,融合弹道偏差优于0.04 m/s,较修正前精度提高了4倍以上。由于陆基无线电测量系统的测距、测角具有类似的时间不同步特征,因此该模型也可作为多测元融合弹道解算过程中的一般方法推广使用。