The U.S. Banking and Corporate Structure: Some Implications for Industrial Policy

This paper argues that a fundamental aspect of the process of financialization is the transformation and evolution of certain key institutions. In national spaces, these include those that play essential roles in financing economic activity, such as the central bank and the commercial banking sector, and also the institutions that determine the quantity and form of public expenditure. In Latin American countries, these changes have reduced the possibilities of national authorities to influence financial processes.     

美国CFO制度及启示

美国公司治理中CFO制度能为我国总会计师制度的完善提供有益的启示和借鉴。     

美国经济周期波动与货币政策

本文首先考察了战后美国经济周期波动和货币政策的演变历史,并利用HP滤波法分离出20世纪60年代以来美国GDP和广义货币供应量的波动成分,通过对比分析发现,在更多的时候,反周期的货币政策反而成为经济波动的触发因素之一。因此,在利用货币政策熨平经济周期性波动的同时要注意处理好短期和长期的关系,特别是要避免因调控产生新的市场扭曲,从而引发新一轮的经济波动。     

国际多市场寡头条件下的贸易政策和产业政策

国际多市场寡头是Bulow( 1 985)提出的多市场寡头概念在国际贸易领域的自然延伸。在本文中 ,市场之间联系的纽带是本国企业具有规模收益递减的生产技术。本文的主要结论是 ,第一 ,如果本国企业与外国企业在外国市场进行价格竞争 ,那么 ,最优干预组合包括国内生产补贴与出口税 ,它们对本国福利的作用是一致的。第二 ,如果本国企业与外国企业在外国市场进行数量竞争 ,那么 ,最优干预政策组合包括国内生产补贴与出口补贴 ,它们作用于本国福利的方向是不一致的 ,这时 ,本国政府用国内生产补贴执行反托拉斯职能 ,用出口补贴执行利润转移职能。第三 ,作为模型的一个应用 ,本文论证了出口退税政策会加剧国内市场的扭曲 ;而且它不一定能够提高本国福利。     

新《美国国家空间政策》解读

2010年美国奥巴马政府颁布实施了新国家空间政策,该政策阐述了美国最新太空发展战略,确定了新的历史条件和国际环境下新的使命和任务,以及确保其顺利实现的重要举措和指导方针。本文从政策制定背景、目标、重要任务及指导原则、特点等方面对其进行了解读,并提出应对建议,以促进我国空间事业的继续快速发展,维护国家战略安全和核心利益。     

美国次贷危机的成因及对我们的警示

美国次贷危机对全球金融业及股市造成的波动仍在继续,并对全球经济带来即期和潜在影响。文章结合次贷危机的成因,分析了我国房地产贷款的现状,相应提出若干应时性建议。     

Governance Alternatives and Pricing in the U.S. Electric Power Industry

Alternative governance mechanisms can be expected to resultin differences in enterprise performance. This research analyzesthe prices charged by U.S. electric utilities using a comprehensivepricing model and a large and detailed dataset that controlsfor enterprise costs and subsidies. It finds that public ownershipis associated with significantly lower prices than with privatelyowned utilities, most likely because the latter are subjectto regulation. Also associated with lower prices are electedcommissioners (rather than those appointed by state governors),commissions with fewer members, and utilities whose governingbodies hold open meetings–all characteristics that implymore direct consumer influence on the price-determination process.Among customer groups, residential users are the biggest beneficiariesof public ownership, while industrial users appear to have moreinfluence with elected state regulatory commissions. These findingsare reconciled with theory and help explain the sometimes ambiguousresults of previous studies.     

Contemporary Economics and Policy Issues in the U.S.

This paper outlines a variety of contemporary policy issues facing the U.S. economy. These issues include impediments to sustained economic growth and reduced unemployment, such as tax uncertainty and ill-conceived federal income tax policies. In addition, it provides an overview of four studies that deal with such topics as budget deficits and reduced economic freedoms, the implications of raising property taxes as a source of funds for revenue-starved local governments, the regional impacts of the world-wide recession for a specific locality in the U.S., namely, Hampton Roads, Virginia, and the relationship between yield curve inversion and the incidence of recession.     

美国金融监管改革法案及其对中国的启示

2010年7月,美国出台了意在重塑其金融监管体系、重振其金融竞争力的金融监管改革法案,这将是影响全球金融体系重构的重要变革。该法案对美国金融业和监管架构及全球金融监管改革方向都将产生深远影响。该法案对中国金融监管的启示是:应寻求金融监管与市场力量的动态平衡,在重视防范系统性金融风险的同时,构建宏观审慎监管与微观审慎监管相结合的监管体系,加强对金融消费者的保护,并以客观审慎的态度开展金融综合经营。     

美国对华贸易政策的政治经济学分析

中美贸易并不是普通的贸易,而是具有某种特殊性的政治贸易.本文在回顾美国对华贸易政策的基础上,运用GH模型分析了美国贸易政策制定过程中,利益集团、政府、普通消费者的不同反应.认为美国贸易政策的制定实质上是利益集团通过政治程序来控制立法结果的过程.因此中国政府和企业应巧妙利用美国不同利益集团之间的制衡,重视美国农业利益集团及政治能力,加强与美国国内相关利益团体和在华投资跨国公司的沟通,积极培养游说队伍,使中美贸易向着更加有利于稳定双边经贸关系的方向发展.     

The Welfare and Resouce Allocation Implications of the U.S.Dairy Quotas

This paper examine the welfare and resource allocation implications of the U.S. dairy quotas. A computable general equilibrium model detailing five dairy sectors and nine aggregate sectors is calibrated to a 1989 benchmark of the U.S economy. The model is used to simulate the removal of the U.S.dairy quotas both the with and without a first-best subsidy to maintain a dairy farm output objective. Welfare, production, trade, and employment results are provided. The welfare cost of the U.S dairy quotas ranges from $0.7 to $1.0 billion. The first-best subsidy ranges from $2.0 to $2.3 billion or approximately $1.4 million per full-time equivalent job maintained in the dairy farm sector [F13, Q17]     

美国科技政策中“其它交易授权”及其评价研究

科技进步之目的是促进经济发展,维护国家安全,以及保障人类健康和卫生福利。科技发展离不开科技投入。科技投入的结构及绩效是各国政府关注的问题。美国科技政策新出现的其它交易工具,为政府获取前沿技术、创新科技投入等方面起到积极的作用。尽管这项政策工具还面临很多挑战,但研究其产生、发展、管理及评价,可为当今科技管理提供比较和借鉴。     

美国经济崛起过程中的城市化及对中国的启示

纵观美国经济崛起历程,经济快速增长期与城市化加快推进期同步,即城市化与工业化高度协调,城市化从早期发展小城镇到大城市进而再向城市群(带)、城市精明增长方向演变,基础设施与公共服务在城市间均衡发展,这些都是美国崛起的关键所在。进入大国博弈新时代,我国也将进入新型城镇化建设的关键期,应积极借鉴其发展经验,逐步解决城镇化与工业化不协调、城镇化发展滞后问题,加快解决地区、城乡、城镇之间基础设施和公共服务不均衡问题,在资源高度稀缺的条件下尽早实施城镇"精明增长"计划。     

美国生物质能产业发展现状和相关政策研究

文章对美国生物质能产业的发展现状进行了简要描述,并对美国21世纪以来促进生物质能产业发展的相关政策进行了梳理.     

International corporate taxation and U.S. multinationals' behaviour: an integrated approach

Abstract .  This paper explores the effects of corporate taxation on U.S. capital invested abroad and on tax planning practices. The econometric analysis first indicates that investment is strongly influenced by average tax rates, with a magnified impact particularly for low-tax rates, implying that the attractiveness of low-tax countries is not weakened by anti-deferral rules and cross-crediting limitations. Further explorations suggest that firms report higher profit, higher Subpart F income, and are less likely to repatriate dividends when they are located in low-tax jurisdictions. Finally, when the role of effective transfer pricing regulations is estimated, it appears that low degrees of law enforcement are associated with higher income shifting.