The forest transition: Towards a more comprehensive theoretical framework

Building on the contributions of Mather and others, this paper offers an approach for developing a more comprehensive theory of the forest transition. We argue that long-run changes in forest cover in a country or region cannot be separated from the overall pattern of land use changes. Moreover, this pattern is determined by relative land values; forest cover changes over time as the value of one land use relative to the value of its competing use changes over time. However, the actual values that are used to allocate land may be far from optimal; that is, the presence of market, policy and institutional failures can distort economic and political incentives that can lead to bias in favour of one type of land use over the other, and may ultimately explain why a forest transition may be delayed unnecessarily in some countries and regions.     

Gains from quota trade: theoretical models and an application to the Danish fishery

We provide a framework for evaluating potential effects of introducingtradable quotas to a sector. The effects depend on the economiesof scale and scope of the production technology, and on firms'ability and willingness to learn best practice methods (catchingup) and to change their input and output composition (mix).To illustrate our approach, data from the Danish fishery areused to calculate the potential gains from introducing individuallytransferable fishing quotas. Data envelopment analysis is usedto model the production technology. We find that pure reallocationis as important as pure learning, i.e. quota reallocation withoutcatching-up is as valuable as learning best practice with fixedallocations.     

大菱鲆养殖的经济学分析

论文在2010年大菱鲆主产区调研的基础上,运用Cobb-Douglas生产函数,对影响大菱鲆养殖产出的主要因素进行回归分析。分析发现,对养殖产出影响最为显著的因素是大棚建设支出、饲料和苗种支出。因此,要显著增加大菱鲆养殖产出,保证大菱鲆养殖获得健康、可持续发展,养殖者应该增加在大棚建设、维护和保养方面的支出,提高养殖的硬件水平。同时,增加高质量饲料和优良苗种的投入也是养殖者增加产出的较好选择。     

浅谈用西方经济学的理论分析框架研究中国经济问题

提出西方经济学的主要理论分析框架是视角、参照系(基准点)和分析工具，认为西方经济学的理论分析方法和框架适用于研究中国经济问题，进而就该理论分析框架在我国经济问题分析中的应用进行探讨，并提出在应用该框架研究我国经济问题中应该注意的关键问题是要了解中国的国情。     

基于八大经济区的区域经济差异及趋势分析

区域经济差异一直是地理学的研究重点之一,而＂五个统筹＂更强调了区域间协调发展的必要性;以八大经济区为研究单元,以人均GDP为数据,分析了各经济区之间的差异,并预测了趋势;认为绝对差异在扩大,而相对差异出现了缩小的趋势,但由于相对差异缩小的趋势刚刚出现,所以将来一段时间内绝对差异会进一步扩大;建议抓住各区域均呈快速发展的时机,统筹区域间的发展,积极改革不适应经济发展的领域,促进区域间协调、共同发展。     

Effects of different land reallocation models on the success of land consolidation projects: Social and economic approaches

One of the most important steps in land consolidation (LC) is the land reallocation work, which has a prominent effect on the LC success. For this reason, land reallocation should be handled carefully. There are interview and block priority-based models for land reallocation. The application of different models may have either positive or negative effects on the success of land consolidation.     

Antitrust economic analysis in food marketing channels: a global perspective

Antitrust enforcement concerning monopolies, mergers, and cartels is converging across all market‐oriented economies in the world. This convergence is based upon neoclassical economic analysis of industrial organization. The role of empirical economic analysis, however, has not converged as rapidly as the conceptual model because different countries have different enforcement institutions and strategies. This article explains how antitrust enforcement has evolved over time from public agencies to a market for enforcement that admits private parties. Private party law suits, and especially class action law suits on behalf of groups such as farmers and consumers, is a mechanism for redressing the often superior legal and economic resources that defendant corporations have and public agencies do not have. Enforcement and the role of empirical analysis are compared in the United States and other countries. Examples of enforcement from different countries illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. Finally, some insights explain how economists function in enforcement and the attributes required for success.     

水产品反倾销及其经济效应分析

反倾销是WTO允许成员对国内产业实施保护的一种手段,20世纪90年代以前在世界水产品贸易中很少出现。随着全球特别是发展中国家水产养殖业的迅猛发展和贸易的快速增长,现今发达国家实施的反倾销措施日渐增多,反倾销调查的产品也从捕捞加工产品如罐装金枪鱼转向水产养殖产品如鲑鱼、鲇鱼、对虾等等。本文概述了世界水产品反倾销,分析了反倾销措施的经济效应,如贸易保护效应、调查效应、贸易转移效应等,并指出反倾销并不是一种具有经济合理性的政策措施。     

中部崛起与洞庭湖区经济发展的应对战略

中部崛起的总体战略,对于地处中部地区南引擎的洞庭湖区,蕴藏着巨大的经济发展潜力,具有独特的后发优势。通过分析洞庭湖区经济发展现状和中部崛起对洞庭湖区经济发展的影响,找出了在国家区域经济协调发展背景下湖区经济发展的方向与重点,进而提出了湖区经济发展必须加强软硬环境建设、着力培育有竞争力的主导产业、扩大开放加强区际的经济联系、壮大经济后发优势力量和注重培育湖区潜在产业等应对策略。     

我国发展巨灾保险的理论探讨

随着巨灾风险发生频率的加快，以及所造成的损失越来越大，巨灾风险越来越受到人们的重视。我国是巨灾发生严重的国家之一，如何更好地满足巨灾风险对保险的需求是中国保险业亟待解决的问题。当前我国应着重围绕转变巨灾保险指导思想、合理界定政府角色、发展和完善资本市场、克服相关技术障碍、完善相关法律制度五个方面开展工作。     

海水养殖业环境负外部性经济学初析

我国是世界第一海水养殖大国，海水养殖业近几年来得到了迅猛的发展，但同时也严重地影响了周围的海洋环境。本文在简要介绍传统经济学外部性理论的基础上，分析了海水养殖业的环境负外部性的表现及其环境负外部性引起资源配置经济的低效率，初步探讨了解决或减少其负外部性的对策和思路。     

我国水产品质量安全SWOT分析及战略选择

水产品安全不仅涉及到消费者的健康,还关系到社会的稳定和政府的威望。我国水产品出口,常常因为安全问题受到进口国的技术性贸易壁垒限制。本文对我国水产品行业的外部环境和内部环境进行7分析,并在SWOT分析基础之上揭示了我国水产品行业所面临的机会与威胁、优势与劣势,指出了提高我国水产品质量安全的紧迫性和可行性,以及提高我国水产品质量安全的管理战略。     

兰州鲇养殖模式经济效益对比分析

兰州鲇是黄河水系特有鱼类,经济价值和营养价值都很高.2009～2011年,开展了兰州鲇鱼种、成鱼池塘主养和套养模式养殖试验.试验结果:兰州鲇鱼种主养模式净利润77189.55元/ha,鱼种套养模式48081.7元/ha,成鱼主养模式48033.67元/ha,成鱼套养模式73068.93元/ha.分析认为:兰州鲇自然资源减少,价格飞涨造成兰州鲇养殖效益比草鱼养殖效益高;在兰州鲇鱼种养殖中应该采用利润较高的主养模式;成鱼主养模式平均饵料系数较高是造成其产量高于套养模式,利润却低的主要因素.论文建议:通过有效的增殖放流,增加黄河中兰州鲇资源量来保护黄河水域生物多样性和生态系统平衡;提升苗种培育技术,建设稳定的苗种供应良种场,提高人工配合饲料水平,研究精确投喂技术来推动兰州鲇养殖产业的发展.     

山东省产业结构的数量经济分析

运用偏离份额方法和比较劳动生产率对1980年以来山东省产业结构效益进行了定量分析,同时与辽、苏、浙、粤等东部沿海先进省份及全国的产业结构效益作了比较;结果显示,山东省产业结构渐趋合理,效益逐步提高,但与辽、苏、浙、粤等东部沿海先进省份比较,还存在一定差异,主要表现在山东省在份额分量和区域竞争力方面在5省中虽处于中等水平,但在产业结构层次及结构效果方面却不及其他4省,这将成为制约山东区域经济持续快速健康发展的重要因素;提出了优化山东产业结构的措施。     

Non-market economic valuation in developing countries: Role of participant observation method in CVM analysis

Developing countries have high proportion of black money and related corruption in the society in comparison to the developed ones. This aspect has to be kept in mind while conducting contingent valuation method (CVM) questionnaire survey (in-person) at the site whose economic valuation is being done. Participant observation method (POM) and unstructured interview schedule (UIS) are the two means, which must be used in addition to structured interview schedule during CVM studies in developing countries to arrive at a reasonable non-market economic valuation figure of an environmental amenity. It has been observed that researchers generally ignore this fact during survey for primary data collection among respondents who are quite well off, educated and belong to countries of huge parallel economy. However in the present study, we have utilized these two means during primary data collection for a CVM study and reached the conclusion that CVM has to be used with caution even among educated masses in the developing countries.     

围填海造地经济驱动因素的实证分析

论文从影响围填海造地资源配置的社会经济因素出发,分析了人口、投资、比较利益、政府、制度因素对围填海造地大规模增加的驱动作用,并用山东半岛围填海造地的数据进行实证分析。结果表明,在5%的显著性水平下,人口密度与围填海造地具有显著的正相关性,人口密度增加带来的对新增住房、工商业用地的需求是围填海造地的客观基础,以土地价格指数为表征的填海造地的比较利益的存在是大规模围填海造地的外部激励。最后,论文从制度、海域使用管理、海域使用配置方式等方面提出了政策建议。