人民币汇率变动对国内物价的传递效应

近期,关于人民币升值和物价上涨的问题成为国内经济聚焦的热点。二者之所以备受关注,是因为无论是汇率稳定还是物价稳定,都对一国经济活动有着重要意义,都是宏观政策所要实现的主要目标。而为了控制物价的进一步上涨,众多学者提出了不同的观点。其中的一种观点认为,可以通过人民币的升值来实现对物价走高的控制。这一观点是以经济学中的汇率传递理论为支撑的,但其能否成立需取决于人民币汇率传递效应的存在以及人民币汇率对物价具有较高的传递程度。在研究汇率对物价的传递问题上,经济学理论中有完全汇率传递理     

浅析我国人民币汇率：“被动升值”还是“主动升值”

对于一国经济的发展，汇率在某种程度上发挥着“自动调节器”的功能。在区域一体化、经济全球化的今天，汇率政策对我国经济增长、充分就业、物价稳定、国际收支平衡等四大目标的实现，尤其是国际收支平衡的作用极其重要。然而近期来自美国、日本、欧洲等国家和地区关于“人民币升值”的呼声日渐高涨，人民币汇率是否变动成为国际社会关注的一大焦点。因此，有必要研究我国当前乃至今后一段时期内的人民币汇率问题。     

汇率的四个事实——伯格斯坦《汇率的四个神话》背后的事实

本文根据中日两国汇率与贸易差额的历史数据,说明名义汇率和平均汇率不是影响贸易差额的决定性因素,用人民币大幅度升值来改善其他国家的贸易平衡的主张不被事实支持。由于国内物价可能在人民币升值后被迫下降,国内商品价格不能完全抵偿土地、环境、资源等成本,人民币大幅度升值必然导致中国经济偏离健康发展的轨迹。     

汇改以来人民币升值对我国贸易结构影响的实证研究

近年来,我国的对外经济贸易迅猛发展,进出口总额不断增加。在开放性经济中,汇率是对外贸易价格体系的重要组成部分,它的变动能直接影响到一国对外经济的发展。通过对我国自1994年汇率改革以来,人民币汇率波动与我国贸易结构的关系进行实证分析,得出人民币升值对我国贸易结构的优化有着正向积极的影响,并提出在后金融危机时期应进一步加强人民币汇率弹性,促进贸易结构升级和平衡发展,从而更加利于我国经济持续健康地发展。     

汇改以来人民币升值对我国贸易结构影响的实证研究

近年来,我国的对外经济贸易迅猛发展,进出口总额不断增加。在开放性经济中,汇率是对外贸易价格体系的重要组成部分,它的变动能直接影响到一国对外经济的发展。通过对我国自1994年汇率改革以来,人民币汇率波动与我国贸易结构的关系进行实证分析,得出人民币升值对我国贸易结构的优化有着正向积极的影响,并提出在后金融危机时期应进一步加强人民币汇率弹性,促进贸易结构升级和平衡发展,从而更加利于我国经济持续健康地发展。     

人民币汇率制度及其选择

引言： 近年来,我国经济持续快速增长,对外开放不断扩大,经济、金融和国际贸易在全球经济中的影响和作用日益增强。为适应国内外形势发展需要,2005年7月21日人民币汇率改革迈出重要步伐,人民币汇率弹性不断增强。但是,人民币升值压力仍然存在,特别是在金融危机爆发以后,人民币对美元汇率连续多月保持稳定,引发了对人民币汇率制度走向的多种猜测……     

浅析“人民币升值”

汇率是衡量一国经济实力的重要指标,在国家进行宏观调控中起到杠杆的作用。当前,随着中国经济的快速发展和国际地位的不断提高,人民币的二元难题也随之而来,即人民币对外面临升值的压力,但对内又面临货币贬值和长期通货膨胀的压力。在这种复杂的背景下,人民币汇率未来的走势对中国经济对内、对外的发展尤为重要。本文逐一分析了人民币的变革历程,二元难题,以及人民币升值的原因与影响,并在此基础上对人民币汇率今后的发展趋势得出了相应的结论。     

浅析人民币升值的原因及其对我国经济的影响

汇率制度是一国经济制度的重要组成部分,对于我国经济的刺激增长和保持稳定具有十分重要的作用.一国汇率的变动不仅直接影响其国际收支,而且对其经济增长速度、通货膨胀率以及失业率等主要宏观调控目标都会产生重大的影响.     

人民币升值对中国股市的影响及政策建议

2005年7月21日人民币汇率形成机制改革启动,人民币汇率浮动区间不断加大,人民币升值对股票市场的影响也开始显现。理顺汇率和股票价格这两个核心变量的互动机制,对我国维持经济高效健康的发展具有重大意义。     

人民币汇率在稳增长中的作用

人民币汇率是我国经济运行中的重要内容之一,不仅关系到我国国民经济的发展,还影响着世界经济的发展,尤其在当今经济全球化的形势下,保持人民币汇率的稳定,对促进我国经济增长具有重要意义。本文对有关人民币汇率与经济增长方面的已有研究进行了梳理,分析人民币汇率与经济增长之间的相关关系。并结合当前国内国际经济形式,提出了保持人民币汇率稳定的一些想法和建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.