基于社会网络视角的团队学习过程研究

本文将团队社会网络与团队学习过程整合在一个框架下的研究。基于社会网络视角,探讨了团队社会网络异质性和社会网络联系强度与团队学习过程的关系,并通过坐标图清晰地反映了团队社会网络与团队学习过程的关系。     

新《护士条例》出台后新护士的压力分析

目的:探讨新《护士条例》出台,护士执业考试改革后,新职工所面临的压力。方法:采用问卷调查方法,通过李小妹等修订的中国护士压力源量表和部分自制问卷,调查本院2010年8月入职的83名新职工的压力情况。结果:《护士条例》出台后新护士的主要压力源为害怕独立当班,害怕工作出错,护理文书的书写等。     

The impact of implicit collective leadership theories on the emergence and effectiveness of leadership networks in teams

Leadership in today's high-performing teams is a relational process best understood from a multilevel emergent perspective. Implicit theories of leadership and followership play an important role in predicting leader emergence in more traditional hierarchical structures, but are inadequate for understanding and predicting leadership as networks in teams, as they do not consider the complex dynamics of leading and following activities inherent in such structures. To address this theoretical gap, we propose the concept of Implicit Leadership Network Theories (ILNTs) that integrates implicit leadership and followership theories with contemporary social network perspectives of leadership in teams to predict the shape and structure of leadership network emergence and subsequent team outcomes. More specifically, we propose that the combination of team member self-ILNTs (i.e., expectations regarding one's own role within a leadership network) and network-ILNTs (i.e., expectations regarding the prototypical team leadership structure) will shape the emergence and effectiveness of leadership in teams. We describe several prototypical team configurations of ILNTs and discuss implications for future research and human resource management.     

A survey on pickup and delivery problems

This paper is the second part of a comprehensive survey on routing problems involving pickups and deliveries. Basically, two problem classes can be distinguished. The first part dealt with the transportation of goods from the depot to linehaul customers and from backhaul customers to the depot. The second part now considers all those problems where goods are transported between pickup and delivery locations, denoted as Vehicle Routing Problems with Pickups and Deliveries (VRPPD). These are the Pickup and Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (PDVRP – unpaired pickup and delivery points), the classical Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP – paired pickup and delivery points), and the Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP – passenger transportation between paired pickup and delivery points and user inconvenience taken into consideration). Single as well as multi vehicle mathematical problem formulations for all three VRPPD types are given, and the respective exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic solution methods are discussed.      

A survey on pickup and delivery problems

This paper is the first part of a comprehensive survey on pickup and delivery problems. Basically, two problem classes can be distinguished. The first class, discussed in this paper, deals with the transportation of goods from the depot to linehaul customers and from backhaul customers to the depot. This class is denoted as Vehicle Routing Problems with Backhauls (VRPB). Four subtypes can be considered, namely the Vehicle Routing Problem with Clustered Backhauls (VRPCB – all linehauls before backhauls), the Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed linehauls and Backhauls (VRPMB – any sequence of linehauls and backhauls permitted), the Vehicle Routing Problem with Divisible Delivery and Pickup (VRPDDP – customers demanding delivery and pickup service can be visited twice), and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup (VRPSDP – customers demanding both services have to be visited exactly once). The second class, dealt with in the second part of this survey, refers to all those problems where goods are transported between pickup and delivery locations. These are the Pickup and Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (PDVRP – unpaired pickup and delivery points), the classical Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP – paired pickup and delivery points), and the Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP – passenger transportation between paired pickup and delivery points and user inconvenience taken into consideration). Single as well as multi vehicle versions of the mathematical problem formulations are given for all four VRPB types, the corresponding exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic solution methods are discussed.      

时间窗约束下的非满载车辆优化调度算法研究

在车辆优化调度问题上．文章将配送车辆根据任务的性质分成满载和非满载两类问题。针对时间窗约束下的非满载车辆优化调度问题，同时考虑特定的时间窗和车辆客量、行驶距离等约束条件．运用数学规划理论对其进行了研究。并在分析其数学模型的基础上．给出了实例分析，对提高物流配送效率和降低成本具有重要意义。     

Argumatics: a text analysis procedure for supporting problem formulation

Problem formulation is the most critical phase of the decision making process. This, particularly in the case of high level multi-stakeholder problems, is not trivial, as the problems do not come “neatly packaged”. The procedure presented in this paper aims to support (i) the exploration of the stakeholders' mental constructs, and (ii) the generation, comparison and synthesis of alternative problem formulations. The suggested procedure — while using the decision analytic approach of the traditional text analysis procedures, follows an inverse, bottom-up direction of analysis: first the individual arguments inherent in the text are explored, then taking them as a starting point, the structures behind the arguments are identified.     

榆神煤炭液化项目组织模式分析与设计

随着科技的进步,竞争的日益加剧,使组织成为灵活的、开放的、具有快速反应能力的组织是榆神煤炭液化项目成立的首要条件。传统组织模式已不能适应当今信息迅猛发展的时代要求,涌现出学习型、扁平型、虚拟型、网络型、团队等未来组织发展模式。通过分析影响榆神煤炭液化项目组织模式的四大因素,榆神煤炭液化项目组织模式的构建应以尊重知识、尊重创新、尊重人为首要任务。另外,还要以学习型组织的理念来塑造扁平化、网络化的团队组织模式。     

Scheduling spatially distributed jobs with degradation: Application to pothole repair

This paper considers scheduling spatially distributed jobs with degradation. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is developed for the linear degradation case in which no new jobs arrive. Properties of the model are analyzed, following which three heuristics are developed, enhanced greedy, chronological decomposition and simulated annealing. Numerical tests are conducted to: (i) establish limits of the exact MIP solution, (ii) identify the best heuristic based on an analysis of performance on small problem instances for which exact solutions are known, (iii) solve large problem instances and obtain lower bounds to establish solution quality, and (iv) study the effect of three key model parameters. Findings from our computational experiments indicate that: (i) exact solutions are limited to instances with less than 14 jobs; (ii) the enhanced greedy heuristic followed by the application of the simulated annealing heuristic yields high quality solutions for large problem instances in reasonable computation time; and (iii) the factors “degradation rate” and “work hours” have a significant effect on the objective function. To demonstrate applicability of the model, a case study is presented based on a pothole repair scenario from Buffalo, New York, USA. Findings from the case study indicate that scheduling spatially dispersed jobs with degradation such as potholes requires: (i) careful consideration of the number of servers assigned, degradation rate and depot location; (ii) appropriate modeling of continuously arriving jobs; and (iii) appropriate incorporation of equity consideration.     

A framework for service enterprise workflow simulation with multi-agents cooperation

Process dynamic modelling for service business is the key technique for Service-Oriented information systems and service business management, and the workflow model of business processes is the core part of service systems. Service business workflow simulation is the prevalent approach to be used for analysis of service business process dynamically. Generic method for service business workflow simulation is based on the discrete event queuing theory, which is lack of flexibility and scalability. In this paper, we propose a service workflow-oriented framework for the process simulation of service businesses using multi-agent cooperation to address the above issues. Social rationality of agent is introduced into the proposed framework. Adopting rationality as one social factor for decision-making strategies, a flexible scheduling for activity instances has been implemented. A system prototype has been developed to validate the proposed simulation framework through a business case study.     

Supporting team citizenship: The influence of team social resources on team‐level affiliation‐oriented and challenge‐oriented behaviour

Using a conservation of resources theoretical framework, we connect within‐team social resources with team‐level citizenship behaviours. In a sample of 385 employees situated in 70 teams from China, we confirm that team social support and team psychological safety interact to influence both affiliation‐oriented (AOCB) and challenge‐oriented (COCB) citizenship. Specifically, the two social resources substitute for one another, such that “either” team social support “or” psychological safety may be sufficient to increase AOCB. We find a consistent yet more complex pattern for COCB. Furthermore, drawing on the team prosocial motivation literature, we uncover team effort as a mediator to the effects of both social resources on AOCB. Our findings suggest that managers may enhance team citizenship by promoting team‐level social resources (social support and psychological safety), and they may only need to focus their energies on one of these resources, as exerting effort towards both may be redundant and inefficient.     

Structural decisions about configuration,assignments, and geographical distribution in teams: Influences on team communications and trust

Managers structure teams in a variety of ways, which are likely to influence the ability of team members to interact and collaborate. We explore the effects of managerial decisions about the structure of teams by configuration, assignment, and geography. In our conceptualization, we consider a team member's psychological distance as a mediator and the richness of social cues and psychological safety as moderators of the effects of the type of team structure on individual perceptions of the team process of communication and the emergent state of trust in other team members. We contribute to the literature by exploring the different underlying mechanisms through which the type of team structure affects a team member's psychological responses and interactions among team members. Noting that physical distance is difficult to change, we focus instead on perceived psychological distance, which offers a framework that facilitates both better understanding and a means to address collaborative challenges.     

88例食道癌术后胃肠减压的护理干预

目的:探讨食道癌术后胃肠减压的护理。方法:对88例食道癌术后患者胃肠减压期间,给予心理护理等一系列的护理措施。结果:所有患者中85例置管成功,有3例没有成功,成功率为96%,有2例出现了脱落,有1例出现了自行拔出胃管。结论:对患者进行有效的胃肠减压,这是确保手术成功的必要条件,护理工作中要密切观察患者的引流是否通畅,如发现问题要及时进行调整,使患者快捷痊愈。     

供应链的权力、契约、信任网络及其特征——基于社会网络分析

针对近年来供应链不再仅仅局限于企业内部或者某一链条上而是形成了企业间的供应链网络这种现象,基于理论演绎和社会网络分析,对供应链网络及其特征进行了探索性研究。首先基于格里菲提出的市场型、模块型、关系型、受制型、层级型治理结构模型,从社会网络角度对五种供应链治理结构的网络特征做了初步探索,进而构建了五种治理结构的交易网络和社会网络,其中社会网络又分为权力网络、契约网络和信任网络。通过分析发现,市场型治理结构的契约网络比较密集,关系型治理结构的信任网络比较密集,而层级型治理结构的权力网络比较密集。     

基于多种运输方式的行包快捷货物运输网络模型的设计与研究

分析了快捷运输网络的结构，建立基于多种运输方式的综合快运换装网络模型，并进一步探讨求解算法。通过对换装网络结构特点的分析，将行包快捷货物运输方案的编制分解为最优径路选择和运输网络优化两部分，并提出了具体的解决方法。     

电网规划问题分析及规划模型研究

电网规划是电力系统规划的重要组成部分,其任务是根据规划期间的负荷增长给电源规划方案确定相应的最佳电网结构,以满足经济可靠送电的要求。文章介绍了电网规划问题的基本理论和影响电网规划的因素,阐述了电网结构在电网规划中的重要性,最后,对电网规划数学模型进行了研究,为电网规划优化问题提供了理论基础。     

一个基于Web的供应链生产规划及调度优化框架

供应链中的生产规划及调度对企业的成功至关重要。针对该问题，本文提出了一个基于Web的开放式的优化框架。该框架在缩短了生产规划及调度所需时间的同时，提高了规划和调度的质量。在实际应用中，该框架被证明能有效地提高企业的工作效率和经济效益：     

企业网络形成与演变路径的社会性质视角分析

本文从社会制度结构层面中所嵌入的社会资本(信任类型)视角入手,探寻不同社会信任结构对企业网络组织外在形式的多样性特征与升级演进路径选择的作用机制及内在机理,得出结论:社会制度层面的信任关系与信任结构通过交易成本与治理机制途径,深刻影响乃至决定该社会经济体中企业网络组织的外在形式与升级演进路径。关系型信任偏向的社会结构适于发展企业集群与外包(下包)制类型的企业网络组织形式,而制度型信任偏向的社会结构有利于虚拟组织与战略联盟类型的企业网络组织形式。企业网络由低级形式向高级形式、低端产业向高端产业演进进程中,社会制度所内涵的社会资本与信用体系的变迁与构建是核心因素之一。     

基于车辆调度与优化配送的网络物流信息系统设计

论述了现代物流中心的功能，分析了物流信息系统的需求，设计了网络物流信息系统的总体框架，并对货物配送流程和车辆调度监控系统进行了详细的分析和设计。     

一类有向网络的容量扩张问题研究

将网络容量定义为最大流的流量。针对网络容量的三种扩张方式：点扩张、弧扩张、点扩张和弧扩张相结合,分别建立数学模型,提供算法;在分开讨论的基础上,还提出了统一的容量扩张模型;最后提供了一个具体算例。