Would I lie to you? On social preferences and lying aversion

This paper reinterprets the evidence on lying or deception presented in Gneezy (Am. Econ. Rev. 95(1):384–394, 2005). We show that Gneezy’s data are consistent with the simple hypothesis that people are one of two kinds: either a person will never lie, or a person will lie whenever she prefers the outcome obtained by lying over the outcome obtained by telling the truth. This implies that so long as lying induces a preferred outcome over truth-telling, a person’s decision of whether to lie may be completely insensitive to other changes in the induced outcomes, such as exactly how much she monetarily gains relative to how much she hurts an anonymous partner. We run new but broadly similar experiments to those of Gneezy in order to test this hypothesis. While we also confirm that there is an aversion to lying in our subject population, our data cannot reject the simple hypothesis described above either.

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Electronic Supplementary Material  The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.      

企业社会责任问题辨析

企业社会责任是近几年来全球最热的经济话题之一,但是我国对企业社会责任这个舶来品还存在许多模糊甚至错误的认识,不利于企业社会责任的理论研究与实践.文章基于ISO26000框架,在给出企业社会责任内涵的基础上,就社会责任的相关问题进行了辨析.企业社会责任是指企业为其决策与运营活动给自然生态环境和利益相关方带来的不利影响而应履行的基本义务.对现代企业来说,社会责任不仅仅只是一种自律性的“软”约束,更是一种他律性的“硬”约束;社会责任不仅仅是企业家的社会责任,更是企业必须履行的基本义务;企业履行社会责任绝不是增加负担,相反它是企业基业长青的前提;SA8000只涉及企业劳工实践和人权主题,而ISO26000则为企业社会责任管理提供了一个较为全面的解决方案     

Enjoy the silence: an experiment on truth-telling

We analyze experimentally two sender–receiver games with conflictive preferences. In the first game, the sender can choose to tell the truth, to lie, or to remain silent. The latter strategy is costly. In the second game, the receiver must decide additionally whether or not to costly punish the sender after having observed the history of the game. We investigate the existence of two kinds of social preferences: lying aversion and preference for truth-telling. In the first game, senders tell the truth more often than predicted by the sequential equilibrium analysis, they remain silent frequently, and there exists a positive correlation between the probability of being truthful and the probability of remaining silent. Our main experimental result for the extended game shows that those subjects who punish the sender with a high probability after being deceived are precisely those who send fewer but more truthful messages. Finally, we solve for the Perfect Bayesian Nash Equilibria of a reduced form of the baseline game with two types of senders. The equilibrium predictions obtained suggest that the observed excessive truth-telling in the baseline game can be explained by lying aversion but not by a preference for truth-telling.

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Electronic Supplementary Material  The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Financial support through the Ramón y Cajal program of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science is gratefully acknowledged. This work was initiated while the author was working at Maastricht University.     

现代企业建设中的经济伦理问题探讨

随着市场经济的发展,我国现代企业在发展过程中出现了一些令人担忧的伦理危机,主要表现为一些现代企业在生产、交换、消费等领域的经济伦理问题,不仅直接损害了消费者的利益和社会的长远利益,扰乱了社会主义经济秩序,而且严重影响了现代企业的生存和发展。研究现代企业经济伦理是全球化经济一体化发展下的国际竞争新形势的需要,从制度伦理、经济伦理的角度,明确现代企业未来建设的方向,有利于现代企业提高竞争优势,实现可持续发展。最后,现代企业建设还需处理好伦理道德的主体性与规范性、现实性与理想性的关系。     

产业生态：产业经济学研究的第四个领域

产业活动与环境的冲突成为现代产业经济学研究的一个新课题。产业生态作为产业经济学研究的一个重要组成部分,既为解决资源与环境问题提供了破解,也丰富了产业经济学理论体系,是对产业经济学的创新性研究。论文将产业生态作为产业经济学研究的第四个研究领域,与产业组织、产业结构、产业区域有机结合起来,构建了产业经济学理论框架,对产业生态理论与实践进行了探索。     

消费者的企业社会责任认知研究

本文在对企业社会责任(CSR)相关文献分析、研究的基础上,从消费者的视角出发构建企业社会责任构成模型,研究消费者认知CSR的维度。通过对问卷数据的分析,发现产品自身质量、售后服务、商业道德、危机事件的处理、公益行为及管理层社会形象这6个方面构成了消费者对企业社会责任的认知,这对企业树立良好的社会形象、增加企业的知名度与美誉度具有重要的指导意义。     

家族控制、制度环境与社会责任选择性参与研究

基于中国2010-2019年上市家族企业的数据,本文对于家族企业会如何选择性对待员工和社区利益相关者进行研究,并关注在不同制度压力情境下家族企业社会责任的选择性参与会发生怎样的变化。研究结果表明随着家族控制权的提升,家族企业会选择承担更多外部社区责任,减少内部员工责任投入。此外,不同的制度压力对于家族企业社会责任行为的约束效果存在差异,具体表现为市场化程度的提高既可弱化家族控制对员工责任的负向影响亦可强化其对社区责任的正向影响,媒体监督和儒家文化作为非正式制度压力,前者主要通过约束监督弱化家族控制与员工责任之间的负相关关系,后者则是通过激励熏陶强化家族控制与社区责任的正相关关系。     

Green taxation and individual responsibility

The current article aims at studying the effects of taxation on environmental quality, in an economy where its agents are responsible. Individual responsibility towards nature is modelized by the voluntary effort to which the households have agreed insofar as the improvement of environmental quality is concerned. It is an original way to show that the individuals may feel committed towards the environment and assume obligations towards it as well as towards environmental public policy. Given that, in our model, such effort is taken from one's allocated time for leisure, its opportunity cost is that of the sacrificed time for leisure, and is therefore equal to the individual's wage. We shall highlight that State intervention through the introduction of a (green) tax always crowds out individual responsibility. However, the intensity of this crowding-out depends on the performance of the State. Moreover, State intervention could, depending on the amount of crowding-out, reduce the overall quality of the environment. In a general equilibrium setting, we show that the crowding-out effect is not systematic. This is because there will then be an interaction between effort (or work time) and the cost of that effort (linked to the individual's wage, and therefore to production and finally to work/effort). In this article, we shall discuss the conditions under which public policy crowds out individual responsibility within this context.     

供应链社会责任的概念内涵与动力机制

文章基于文献研究和典型案例分析,从供应链外部环境、内部合作与系统可持续发展三个方面总结了社会责任主体发生变迁的原因,进而提出了供应链社会责任这一概念,并阐释了供应链社会责任的内涵,指出了供应链社会责任的核心企业主导、链间外部性以及责任收益不对称的三大特点,通过系统分析企业社会责任、可持续供应链和绿色供应链等相关理论对企业承担社会责任动力机制的研究,提出了公共政策强制力、社会公众压力、市场竞争驱动力、需求拉动力以及供应链内部约束力等五力集成的供应链社会责任动力机制模型,最后进行了研究总结并指出了未来研究的方向。文章的研究拓展了企业社会责任研究的范畴,对供应链系统的可持续发展与成员企业社会责任的整体提升提供了可行的政策建议。     

矿山企业在社区建设中的社会责任

矿山企业,离不开社区民众的支持、容忍和默契,与所在社区民众是一种相互依存的社会关系;不只是矿业社区建设的消费者,更不是旁观者,而是社区建设的主要责任者。矿山企业不能将市场行为带入社区生活而损害社区民众的既有权益,必须承担维护社区建设的社会责任;社区中的"矿山企业公民"角色,应将经济人自利理性转换为社会人利他理性,成为社区民众的好伙伴、好邻居,承担推进矿业社区建设的社会责任。矿业企业在矿业社区建设中必须和应当承担的社会责任,既是挑战也是发展机遇。     

Self-interest, self-restraint and corporate responsibility for nanotechnologies: Emerging dilemmas for modern managers

The recent developments in nanotechnology have simultaneously conjured up visions of utopia and dismal images of technological and biological catastrophes. Interestingly, the world of nanoscales has given rise to larger than life ethical dilemmas, challenging the basic assumptions that we hold about ethics, man-machine interface, adoption of new technologies and, fundamentally, the directions of human development. Given the divergence and uncertainties in the assessment of risks and benefits associated with nanotechnology, regulatory oversight in the future is likely to be partial and fragmented. Even where interests converge, the large time-frame needed for standardization of regulation coupled with the varying propensities of countries of the world to understand, assimilate and respond to risk issues increase the difficulties associated with creating appropriate regulatory regimes. In the absence of such controls, it may be necessary to rely on corporations behaving in a socially responsible manner by self-regulating when dealing with the conceptualization, development, use and disposal of nanoparticles. Caught between the reality and rhetoric, corporate managers need to manage trade-offs between corporate advantage and social responsibility in ways that may have a significant bearing on the survival of their firms and the future development of nanotechnology itself. This paper examines the tensions between the self-interest of corporations in exploiting the technology to bring innovative products to the market and self-restraint in exercising ethical choices to secure wider safety and salubrity in the face of scientific uncertainty and public insecurity     

中国企业的CSR认知、行动和管理——基于问卷的实证分析

从利益相关者理论、企业社会责任理论和企业成长文献出发,本文基于对企业家的问卷调查,对其CSR认知、行动和管理进行评估。实证分析结果显示,中国企业家对CSR的重要性认可程度较高,且呈现出更加战略地看待CSR的趋势;企业践行CSR的方式仍较为狭窄和单一,整体上对于公共责任投入了较多人力物力;企业的责任管理落后于其责任行动,企业倾向于通过组织文化和高管领导力等隐性制度来保障CSR实施,而较少地诉诸显性制度措施(如伦理守则和培训)。同时,性别、地域、行业经验、教育程度、发展阶段对企业的CSR认知、行动和管理影响显著。     

微观视角下的企业生态责任国外研究述评

企业生态责任日益受到国内外学者的关注.文章从微观的角度出发,基于国外的相关研究成果,对企业生态责任的演进、伦理层面的研究与发展、对企业的影响研究及企业生态责任履行的方式进行了分析和述评,并对相关研究成果及其启示进行了总结.     

渑池县旅游产业组织研究

以产业组织理论为基础,初步提出了旅游产业组织的概念体系,并以河南省渑池县为例进行了初步研究。指出旅游产业组织是一个以市场为导向的旅游产品营销系统工程,其目的是追求旅游产业的可持续发展及效益的最优化。     

模块化生产网络对产业组织理论的影响

从20世纪80年代后期开始,模块化生产网络兴起以后,对生产业务外包、产业集群、企业规模、交易成本理论、熊彼特创新理论都产生了深刻影响,提出了新的挑战。     

利益相关者与企业伦理关系分析

20世纪90年代之后,利益相关者理论逐渐完善和发展.企业要对利益相关者开展伦理管理,以德治企.以"双赢"策略处理与其利益相关者之间的关系.对内赢得员工的忠诚,建立良好的员工关系;对外赢得公众支持、顾客满意、投资者青睐和供应者信任.     

Measuring lying aversion

We introduce a new method for measuring the decision to lie in experiments. In the game, the decision to lie increases own payment independent of the counterpart's decision, but potentially at a cost for the counterpart. We identify at the individual level the decision to lie, and measure how individuals react to different incentives to lie. Furthermore we investigate how lying behavior changes over time. Our method allows us to classify people into types, including those who never lie, those who always lie, and those who react to incentives to lie. We suggest this method as a useful instrument for examining factors that influence the decision to lie.     

组织距离对虚拟产业集群内企业创新的影响

用组织距离衡量虚拟产业集群内企业间的\"组织接近\",在双寡头古诺模型的分析框架下,研究组织距离对虚拟产业集群内企业的创新水平、产量和利润的影响。结果表明:在完全信息情况下,虚拟产业集群内企业的创新投入水平越高,则企业联合利润越大;在不完全信息情况下,集群内企业的均衡产量都是其创新投入水平的增函数,但若逆需求函数的斜率较大,则不完全信息对不拥有完全信息的企业的影响较小。最后求得要实现集群内企业的均衡产量随着组织距离的加大而增加则企业的创新水平要满足的条件。