Reinforcing Cultural Identity by Appealing to Local Cultural Cues: National Identity Formation and Consumption in High-Context Cultures

Traditionally, U.S. firms have successfully used American appeal (hard-sell approach) as a unique selling proposition in Europe, Japan and in the developing world. However, the anti-American sentiments around the world due to the Iraqi and Afghan wars and recent upheavals in the Middle East and North Africa have negatively influenced consumer judgments about American-labeled global brands in international markets during the last decade. Such consumer perceptions may lead to a favorable environment for new competitors to emerge in specific markets, and these products may take significant market share away from global U.S. brands.     

全球化语境下的世界文化贸易冲突及文化主张

20世纪80年代以来,伴随着经济全球化趋势的深入发展,世界文化产品和服务贸易迅猛增长。然而全球文化贸易绝大部分是在少数发达国家之间进行的。以法国、加拿大为代表的许多反对文化贸易自由化的国家与美国之间的文化冲突日益激烈,揭示了在全球化语境下文化问题已日趋复杂。关于文化的普遍主义与特殊主义的辩论已远远超越了经济或纯粹的思想意识层面,其实质是一个国家在当今乃至未来全球化竞争中的经济和文化话语权。一国在信息经济与全球化时代所面临的最重要的问题是如何赋予个人、社会群体的文化创造的公民权,以及让社会上绝大多数人参与创造新的文化形式的可能性。     

Using UNPRME to Teach,Research, and Enact Business Ethics: Insights from the Catholic Identity Matrix for Business Schools

We address how the leaders of a Catholic business school can articulate and assess how well their schools implement the following six principles drawn from Catholic social teaching (CST): (1) produce goods and services that are authentically good; (2) foster solidarity with the poor by serving deprived and marginalized populations; (3) advance the dignity of human work as a calling; (4) exercise subsidiarity; (5) promote responsible stewardship over resources; and (6) acquire and allocate resources justly. We first discuss how the CST principles give substantive content and meaning to the Good Goods, Good Work, and Good Wealth framework in The Vocation of the Business Leader (Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace in Vocation of the business leader, Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, Vatican City, 2012) and then discuss their congruencies and tensions with the UNGC and UNPRME principles. Next, we describe the Catholic Identity Matrix, an assessment tool that provides a quantitative and qualitative portrait of how well a Catholic business school integrates, within the scope of its mission and capacities, the three goods and related CST principles in its strategies, policies, activities, and processes. The concluding section discusses implications for ongoing UNGC and UNPRME assessment, reporting, and development efforts, and addresses the generalizability of our approach to business schools who draw their inspiration and moral principles from other faith-based or secular traditions.     

Globalization,labour and the state: the case of Indonesia

Globalization has allowed internationally mobile capital to successfully ‘demand’ favourable investment climates, thereby increasing pressure on states to restrict the activities of organized labour. In the advanced industrial countries, the enhanced bargaining position of capital has helped to undermine the welfare state, the great compromise between state, capital and labour. But newly emerging labour movements in late industrializing countries like Indonesia are especially disadvantaged because of the global context characterized by the weakened bargaining position of labour. Nevertheless, labour strife has been on the rise in Indonesia in spite of long-established state mechanisms of labour control, usually legitimized in official discourse by reference to supposedly authentic Indonesian values that eschew conflict. This has to do with the gradual development of an urban-based industrial working class as the product of sustained industrialization until the economic debacle of 1997.     

经济全球化下跨文化商务谈判的文化障碍研究

随着经济全球化的不断深入,来自不同文化背景的人们之间的商务活动日益频繁,因而跨文化谈判中的文化障碍问题已逐渐引起广泛关注。人们已意识到,跨文化谈判失败的主要原因在于谈判双方缺乏对彼此文化背景的了解,以及忽视文化差异对谈判的影响与作用。     

略论汉语语境下的英语文化身份

中国人在使用英语时常要面对语境和身份的冲突问题.英语的混合性和变异性是其历史演变的结果,这使它在中国语境下的使用也会有各种“内卷化”的发生;英语在使用功能上适应了全球化发展的趋势,但是,中国语境下的英语使用并不等于接受西方文化霸权,英语也会在本土文化语境下产生文化身份的变化.     

全球化对我国文化产业发展的影响及对策研究

全球化是当今世界显著的特征,文化产业是在知识经济浪潮中文化与经济相互渗透、相互融合而形成的新兴产业。作为当代人类社会新的财富创造形态,文化产业可产生巨大的经济和社会效益,正日益成为世界各国竞相争抢的战略高地。在全球化背景下,国外文化资本和先进技术的涌入虽然有利于我国文化产业优化升级,为我国文化产业提供了更广阔的发展空间,也为独具特色的民族文化产业的发展与竞争提供了条件,但是我国文化产业的发展更面临着挑战,涉及到我国现有文化企业的生存、我国文化体制的转轨和文化安全。对此,我们应坚持走国际化发展之路,积极开展国际合作与交流,打造一批有能力参与国际竞争的跨国公司,提高我国文化产业的国际地位。     

Women, Management and Globalization in the Middle East

This paper provides new theoretical insights into the interconnections and relationships between women, management and globalization in the Middle East (ME). The discussion is positioned within broader globalization debates about women’s social status in ME economies. Based on case study evidence and the UN datasets, the article critiques social, cultural and economic reasons for women’s limited advancement in the public sphere. These include the prevalence of the patriarchal work contract within public and private institutions, as well as cultural and ethical values which create strongly defined gender roles. The discussion examines the complexities of conceptualizing women’s equality and empowerment in Islamic states. The paper reveals that there have been significant achievements in advancing women in leadership and political roles, but that there are still institutional and cultural barriers embedded in business systems. Linking feminist, development and management theoretical strands a development framework is proposed which is sensitive to the Islamic Shar’ia encompassing government, organization and individual level strategies. It is suggested that scholars should integrate literatures from gender and management, development and Middle East studies, and in particular that critical scholars of gender and organization should consider the interrelations of the national and transnational in critiques of contemporary global capitalism to understand the complexity of women and social change in the ME.     

Globalization, culture, and marketing strategy: Introduction to the special issue

This special issue of the Journal of Business Research features eleven articles selected from the papers presented during the fifth meeting of the Royal Bank International Research Seminar which took place in Montreal at the John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, September 25 and 26, 2009. They cover topics related to globalization, cultural values, global consumer behavior, market segmentation, marketing strategies of emerging economies, consumer socialization, materialism, service quality, and government actions.     

把握发展趋势创新流通模式实现生产资料流通又好又快发展

生产资料流通是我国商品流通重要的组成部分,在经济社会发展中居于非常重要的地位.今后,随着我国进入工业化中期和城市化进程的平稳发展,以及调整经济结构、转变经济发展方式要求的提出,生产资料流通规模高速增长势头将趋于平缓,流通模式将呈现出很多新的趋势,流通企业只有转变经营方式才能生存发展.为更好地实现生产资料流通又好又快发展,必须立足国情,创建具有中国特色的生产资料流通体系,其中需重点抓好以下工作:一是完善政策体系,加强行业管理;二是发展现代物流,实现产业升级;三是做大做强企业,提高产业集中度;四是集聚流通功能,提升批发市场;五是构建供应链,延伸产业链;六是加强理论研究,重视人才培养.     

Identity salience and shifts in product preferences of Hispanic consumers: Cultural relevance of product attributes as a moderator

Culturally relevant products, services, and communications play a crucial role in the success of ethnic targeted marketing. Employing a bi-dimensional approach, two studies examine how cultural relevance of product attributes interacts with acculturation level, and situational and contextual factors to affect product attribute evaluations (PAE) of Hispanic consumers. Across both studies, cultural relevance had main effects on PAE. In Study 1, cultural relevance interacted with cultural situations to affect PAE. Hispanic consumers evaluated Hispanic (or Mainstream) relevant product attributes more favorably when exposed to a Hispanic (or Mainstream) cultural situation. In Study 2, cultural relevance interacted independently with cultural primes and acculturation level to significantly affect PAE. PAE shifted as a result of cultural primes and moved toward being typical to the activated cultural identity. Results are discussed in the context of consumer acculturation, social identity-based consumption, biculturalism, and cultural frame shifting.     

Globalization,labour and prospects

This collection examined the impact of globalization on labour and its organization. The contributions were drawn from a variety of countries in the Asia Pacific and, based on the evidence presented, four major conclusions can be drawn. These conclusions are presented and discussed under the headings of universalism and determinism, deregulation and labour markets, labour's role in competitiveness, and labour organization. Such comparative work shows that, overall, globalization's terrain is uneven and contested and that labour and states are not the helpless victims of global economic forces.     

Globalization of Faculty,Students, and Programs

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to develop a comprehensive approach to globalization of the educational effort in business colleges that is meaningful within the context of available resources and public funding. More specifically, the objective is to inventory approaches that have been used in the past to produce successful results and introduce new approaches more suitable to present needs. This strategy proposes that a successful globalization effort relies on three fundamental concepts: (1) strong commitment from the administration on all levels of the university; (2) strong leadership from faculty to develop, operationalize, and manage the globalization effort; and (3) clear encouragement of interested students and commitment from administration and faculty that they will benefit from their participation in the globalization effort of the university.     

When the Family System Includes Disability: Adaptation in the Marketplace,Roles and Identity

Although families are recognised as a critical component in shaping consumer behaviour, one type of variation that has been overlooked is families in which a child has a disability. This research presents an analysis of themes related to family consumption that emerged from depth interviews with parents of families living with a special needs child. Three types of adaptation in family consumption emerged: i) adaptations to meet marketplace challenges, ii) adaptations in family roles and norms, and iii) adaptation in rituals and family identity. This study illuminates the notion that normalcy extends beyond the child to influence the consumption of the entire family. Because the marketplace seems to be constructed for "normal" families, the families interviewed here adapted the ways in which they engage as they juggle the medical, environmental and contextual needs of all members.     

Profiling Cyber-Slackers in the Workplace: Demographic,Cultural, and Workplace Factors

ABSTRACT

Internet abuse in the workplace (a.k.a. cyber-slacking) has become a pervasive problem for employers. When employees abuse the Internet through activities like online gaming, online shopping, personal investment managing, personal emailing, chatting, media watching and viewing pornography, they waste work time and reduce available bandwidth. Existing research has failed to build consensus about who is most likely to cyber-slack. This study examines individuals from the United States, Asia, and India and develops clusters of typical patterns of cyber-slacking and examines the impact of demographic and work related factors on predicting individual cluster membership. The results reveal that young executives are the most likely to cyber-slack and a further qualitative analysis reveals that the pressure of their jobs are compelling them to look for stress relievers and the Internet is an easy resource. In addition, young executive's high degree of autonomy also appears to perpetuate their propensity to cyber-slack.