我国发展巨灾保险所面临的供需不足分析及建议

印度洋海啸所引起的灾难,让我们清醒地认识到发展巨灾保险的重要性与迫切性。巨灾保险对于维护社会稳定,保证经济的平稳发展具有不可替代的作用。但是我国当前的巨灾保险发展却非常迟缓。从巨灾保险的供给与需求两个方面分析我国巨灾保险发展所面临的问题,为我国巨灾保险的发展做出有意的探索。     

浅谈国外保险风险证券化

保险风险证券化是国际资本市场在20世纪90年代兴起的一种金融创新,它能有效地把保险公司的风险分散到资本市场的投资者中。所以必须着重了解国际保险风险证券化的主要产品类型及国外发展的情况及经验,使我国能以谨慎的态度发展保险风险证券化,通过借鉴国际经验和教训,加强该课题的研究与实践,从而促进我国保险业和金融业的共同发展。     

Social Issues and Media Sensationalism: The Effectiveness of Teaching Methods to Affect their Perceived Importance

This study assessed the perceived importance of various social issues and the effect that teaching methods have on business students' perceptions of those issues. Subjects in the test group were shown an educational video that explained how some social issues are reported inaccurately with extensive coverage, or sensationalized in the media, resulting in a moral panic. Other issues are not covered as extensively, but may have a more significant impact on business, society and the subject. The importance of five social issues was rated by students who had completed a course that covered business ethics and social responsibility content and those who had not taken the course yet.Results indicated that business ethics and social responsibility course content had no effect on perceived importance of social issues, but that viewing the video did. Subjects who viewed the educational video on social issues in the news media rated those issues receiving extensive coverage as lower in importance than those subjects who did not view the video. Also, subjects who viewed the educational video rated those issues not receiving extensive coverage as higher in importance than those subjects who did not view the video. Implications for business ethics and social responsibility educators are discussed.     

基于资本市场的中国灾害风险管理

作为世界上灾害损失最严重的少数国家之一,如何在我国建立有效的灾害损失补偿制度为社会各界所关注。笔者以中国的灾害损失补偿作为研究对象,分析了保险和政府在转移灾害风险方面的局限性,认为中国资本市场存在转移灾害风险的现实基础,并从供给、需求和制度的角度,提出了巨灾风险证券化的发展策略。     

Policing Transnational Commerce: Global Awareness in the Margins of Morality

Transnationals operate in what may be called the margins of morality because the historical, cultural, and governmental mores of the world's nation-states are not uniform. There is a gray area of ethical judgment where the standards of the transnational's home country differ substantially from those of the host country. Following the argument of institutional theory in providing stability and meaning to social behavior, in matters of moral conduct the transnational is likely to yield to at least four policing authorities: (1) itself, in terms of the integrity of its management and by decision-making that follows its own code of ethics, (2) other corporations within its competitive set, (3) governmental agencies including those of the host country, and (4) public exposure, which includes the media as well as non-governmental agencies such as offshore watchdog groups. The fourth mechanism, public exposure, is thought to be the most effective in policing transnational conduct.     

浅析我国巨灾保险体系的构建

我国是世界上巨灾风险比较严重的国家之一,保险业应在巨灾风险管理中发挥应有的功能。起到“减震器”的作用。2008年我国南方雪灾及四川地震暴露出我国现行巨灾保险制度存在的重大缺陷——巨灾造成损失的保险赔偿远低于全球平均水平,绝大部分损失靠政府的补贴和扶持,国内防范巨灾风险的基本保险险种几乎是空白。因此,巨灾保险制度的构建迫在眉睫。     

地震灾害、创伤记忆与媒体的“心理危机干预”

地震不仅造成生命与财产损失。还有生理与心理的创伤。大众传媒不仅要沟通危机信息、承载创伤记忆,还要对记者的职业创伤、受众“不在场的悲伤”与幸存者的创伤体验担当心理援助的功能。传媒参与心理危机干预的传播效果如何,与传者的心理学专业素养、媒介内容生产的心理诉求以及媒介组织行为息息相关。     

Infotainment and the Moral Obligations of the Multimedia Conglomerate

When the Federal Communications Commission considered revamping its policies, many political activists argued that media conglomerates had failed to meet their duties to protect freedom of speech. Moveon’s dispute with CBS over its proposed Superbowl advertisement and Michael Moore’s quarrel over distribution of his documentary, Fahrenheit 911, are cases in point. In matters of pure entertainment, the public expect companies to avoid offensive programming. The press, on the other hand, may well be forced to offend some audience members in order to create a viable forum for political dissent. As journalism and entertainment are increasingly inter-linked, an in depth moral analysis of the media corporation and its obligations becomes increasingly important. I explore Kantian, Utilitarian, and Rawlsian analyses of corporate obligation in the aforementioned cases. I then examine whether or not these results suggest anything more generally about the sorts of mission statements and ethical policies that ought to be endorsed by media conglomerates and whether non-business institutions also require changes. Ultimately, I suggest that at a minimum, media institutions should view the duty to promote the representation of diverse views in a democracy as an imperfect moral and civic duty rather than making programming decisions solely by reference to profit. Ideally, greater access to media access should not be increased for the most powerful unless doing so at the same time increases free speech opportunities for those who currently have the least access.     

新媒体与广告未来发展——2011年西方广告研究热点评析

本文以西方目前主导性广告学术类六大刊物在2010-2011年间所刊登的188篇学术论文为主要考察对象,整理出比较突出的广告研究热点:社交媒体与广告的研究热潮、互动媒体环境要求新的社会营销模式、植入式广告在新媒体环境中的效果、少数群体的广告也成为了"热点"、广告道德规范、当广告遭遇"回避"、广告效果认知的误区、市场调查的未来发展等八个方面,希望由此勾画出西方广告学术研究发展的最新脉络。     

当代生命科技伦理研究的新向度

当代生命科学技术活动不仅是一种物质性实践，而且还可以视为一场开拓性的社会伦理试验，这一试验时间虽短，但出现了一些新的伦理向度，即从境界伦理到境遇伦理、从个体伦理到集体伦理、从区域伦理到全球伦理等。     

Resource Extraction Industries in Developing Countries

Over the last one hundred and fifty years, the extraction and processing of non-renewable resources has provided the basis for the three industrial revolutions that have led to the modern economies of the developed world. In the process, the nature of resource extraction firms has also changed dramatically, from small-scale operations exploiting easily accessible deposits to large, vertically integrated, capital intensive transnational corporations characterized by oligopolistic competition. In the last ten to fifteen years, coinciding with processes of economic globalization, another major change has been occurring as resource extraction industries have been shifting their operations from developed to developing countries. This shift has greatly impacted the populations of these countries and raises a variety of ethical issues. This article investigates the nature of these changes and the ethical issues that arise, focusing in particular on the development impact of the activities of these industries and the potential adequacy of different policy approaches to regulating them.     

Trauma epidemiology in Puerto Rico: in-hospital morbidity and mortality from 2002 to 2011

This study aimed to describe the distribution of injury mechanisms and to assess the impact of those mechanisms on the morbidity and mortality of trauma. All patients admitted to Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital (2002–2011) for road-traffic collisions (RTCs, 5,371), gunshot wounds (GSWs, 2,946), falls (2,319), pedestrian accidents (1,652), and stab wounds (SWs, 1,073) were selected. Gunshot victims were 1.19 (95%CI: 1.07–1.33) times as likely as road-traffic victims to have an ISS ≥25. Pedestrians were 1.76 (95%CI: 1.49–2.09) times more likely to have a GCS ≤8 than road-traffic victims were. The risk of dying was 2.64 (95%CI: 2.20–3.16) times higher for gunshot victims and 1.51 (95%CI: 1.23–1.86) times higher for pedestrians compared to patients who had had RTCs. Gunshot victims and pedestrians had the worst clinical outcomes. Accordingly, these patients should receive the most aggressive clinical management. Furthermore, it is imperative to develop public health campaigns on trauma prevention.     

Ethics Programs in Global Businesses: Culture's Role in Managing Ethics

Even if there were widespread cross-cultural agreement on the normative issues of business ethics, corporate ethics management initiatives (e.g., codes of conduct, ethics telephone lines, ethics offices) which are appropriate in one cultural setting still could fail to mesh with the management practices and cultural characteristics of a different setting. By uncritically adopting widely promoted American practices for managing corporate ethics, multinational businesses risk failure in pursuing the ostensible goals of corporate ethics initiatives. Pursuing shared ethical goals by means of culturally inappropriate management practices, in short, can undermine the effectiveness of ethics management efforts. This article explicates how several important dimensions of culture can influence the effectiveness of common ethics initiatives, and recommends the development and application of a culture-structure contingency analysis in the task of encouraging ethical behavior in global businesses.     

Salesperson Perceptions of Ethical Behaviors: Their Influence on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions

In the academic world, research has indicated that “good ethics is good business.” Such research seems to indicate that firms, which emphasize ethical values and social responsibilities, tend to be more profitable than others. Generally, the profitability is credited to the firm’s positive relationships with its customers, reduced costs of attempting to rebuild a tarnished image, ease of attracting capital, etc. The research conducted in this study evaluated salespeople’s perceptions of the ethics of businesses in general, their employer’s ethics, their attitudes as consumers, and the relationships existing between these perceptions and the sale force’s job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The results show a positive relationship existing between salesperson perceptions of business ethics, his/her employer’s ethics, consumer attitudes, and the salesperson’s job satisfaction and reduced turnover intentions. Charles E. Pettijohn (D.B.A., Louisiana Tech University) is a professor of marketing in the College of Business Administration at Missouri State University. He is also co-editor of the Marketing Management Journal. His research has appeared in the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, the Journal of Businesss Ethics, Marketing Management Journal, Psychology and Marketing, and the Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. At Missouri State University, his primary teaching focus is in the areas of Personal Selling and Sales Management. Linda S. Pettijohn (D.B.A., Louisiana Tech University) is a Professor of marketing in the College of Business Administration at Missouri State University. Her research has appeared in the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Marketing Management Journal, Psychology and Marketing, and the Journal of Financial Serivices Marketing. At Missouri State University, her primary teaching focus is in the area of Retailing. Albert J. Taylor (D.B.A., Louisiana Tech University) is an associate professor of marketing in the College of Business Administration at Coastal Carolina University. His research has appeared in the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Human Resource Development Quartely, the International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, Psychology and Marketing, and the Journal of Applied Business Research. At Missouri State University, his primary teaching focus is in the areas of Marketing Research and Personal Selling.