战后日本技术创新模式的演进与启示

日本在战后的短短十几年,通过引进、吸收国外先进技术,迅速提升了其技术水平和创新能力.在技术创新过程中,日本形成了具有自己特色的创新模式,其演进过程表现为“模仿创新”——“引进消化吸收再创新”——“集成创新”——“原始创新”的基本特征.回顾日本技术创新模式的演变过程,我们发现创新组织方式的合理运用是日本技术创新顺利开展和实施的重要保证,同时也得益于针对不同模式的特点有选择性综合使用.在我国企业的技术创新过程中,要做到强化大中型企业技术创新的主力军作用、中小企业在技术创新中的源泉作用,充分发挥高校、科研院所在技术创新中的支撑作用以及政府在技术创新中的引导作用.     

日韩两国产业比较优势模式的变化特征及其启示

基于20世纪90年代初以来日韩两国的出口商品结构的变化,利用UNCTAD Comtrade Database提供的数据,计算两国出口商品的相关系数和显性比较优势指数RCA,表明日本十大出口商品没有发生太大的变化,而韩国变化比较明显,出口结构不断获得优化,使得日韩两国产生很多重叠的优势产品;同时体现出两国出口商品的相关性不断增强的趋势,并且日本的优势产业仍然集中于资本和技术密集型产业,相对日本,韩国还存在一些劳动密集型优势产业的特征.两国比较优势模式的变化特征进一步表现出日韩间产业内贸易不断得到深化;贸易关系是竞争与互补并存;日韩FTA的建设,可以始于建立共同的比较优势产业联盟;中日韩三国间的比较优势非常明显,经济合作空间很大.     

金融危机后的世界经济格局变化及其对美国经济的影响

受次贷危机向金融危机演变后的多渠道传染,传统世界经济大国和新兴及后起国家间的力量消长经历较大调整;以往由发达国家主导的国际贸易、国际投资和国际生产体系开始出现结构性变化;战后创立的多边贸易、多边金融和国际协调机制遭遇严重挑战,由此,世界经济格局发生了一系列变化。本文着重考察危机后世界经济格局的六大变化领域,分析论证了危机后全球经济增长动力源转移、国际经济协调酝酿新的共治机制、国际金融重回强监管环境、新兴和未来市场贸易地位上升、国际投资大三角格局分化和国际生产供应链位移等变化特征,并探讨上述变化对美国经济的振兴和再度繁荣可能产生的多重影响。     

Competition in the Changing World of Banking

This paper reviews the role of competition in banking againstthe background of a transforming sector. It uses industrialorganization and modern financial intermediation analysis tostudy the relationships between the level of competition, risk-takingincentives, and the regulatory frame. The consequences for marketstructure of the liberalization process and the need for competitionpolicy in the sector are high-lighted.     

库区移民喜传火炬

作为三峡库区的重要城市,万州区的火炬传递格外注重对三峡库区的推介,对移民精神的颂扬.15日凌展开始,万州虽然下着大雨,但奥运圣火的到来让库区百姓激情不减.     

Patterns of concentration in the newspaper industry

Abstract

This short paper, presented in 1967 as a thesis, is a resume of seven rather more specialised articles by the same author, together with some conclusions drawn from them. The original articles, running to 253 pages, described the concentration which has taken place in the structure of the Swedish press since 1945, resulting in a reduction of at least one-third in the number of daily newspapers and in the replacement, to a large extent, of fierce competition by local quasi-monopolies. The purely factual events were already known in some detail, in particular from the report of the Investigation into the Press (SOU 1965: 22) for which the author's own efforts were largely responsible. He is also responsible for the view, which rounds off his analysis of the structural development of the Swedish press, that growth and decline in newspapers are the result of a self-generated process of increasing strength within given marketing areas (e.g. local districts), the interaction of circulation, advertising and revenue automatically ensuring a continual increase in the lead of the largest paper until it finally eliminates its weaker competitors. This process is called by the author ‘the circulation spiral’ (upplagespiralen). The principle can be recognised in various forms in recent developments in the press of many western countries. Attention has been drawn to it by the present reviewer in connection with the even higher mortality rate in the Danish press, and it would appear to be relevant to the study of other branches of the economy.     

大英博物馆的奥秘

外国人来到伦敦,大英博物馆(The BritishHuseum)是一个必看的地方.这座始建于1753年的罗马式建筑雄伟壮观,与纽约的大都会艺术博物馆、巴黎的卢浮宫比肩并立为世界三大博物馆.当你走进大英博物馆,顿觉进入了一座世界历史文化的长廊.埃及文物馆、希腊罗马文物馆、西亚文物馆、欧洲中世纪文物馆以及东方艺术文物馆等等,100多个陈列室曲里拐弯,没有三五天工夫,根本不可能看完.     

Plantation accounting and management practices in the US and the British West Indies at the end of their slavery eras1

This article examines comparatively the slavery systems of the US and the British West Indies before and after their respective emancipations. The primary focus is on how differential factors in the two plantation economies, such as racial control, labour structures, and governmental mandates, impacted the development of accounting and those performing accounting functions. Other factors, such as plantation size and ownership structure, not only influenced accounting practices but management issues as well. These factors resulted in the substantially greater development of accounting in the British Caribbean, both in terms of the number of practitioners and the volume and uniformity of accounting records.     

Valuing congestion costs in the British Museum

Museums are potentially congestible resources because the exhibitsthey contain are, in any relevant sense of the word, irreproducible.Insofar as visitor congestion diminishes the value of individuals'visits it constitutes an additional reason for charging foradmission to museums, albeit one not previously considered.A policy of free access to a museum containing unique treasuresmay dissipate the economic benefits of the museum. Within thecontext of an empirical study undertaken using valuation techniquesit is shown that the congestion cost posed by the marginal visitorto the British Museum is £8.05. External benefits maynonetheless play a crucial role in determining whether it isappropriate to charge. Insofar as congestion is a widespreadphenomenon in important museums and galleries the issues raisedin this paper as well as the methodology devised to determinecongestion costs could have widespread application.     

Scenarios for economic development in an inner city community in the district of Columbia

Summary, Conclusion and Limitations Despite the considerable amount of commercial activity taking place in LGA, the area reamins economically challenged. The low participation rate of residents in the labor market is a likely contributing factor to this paradox. Nearly 13 percent of residents in these areas are unemployed, nearly 30 [ercent of the adults are living below the poverty level, and almost half of the adults are not in the workforce. One of the reasons for these infortunate conditions is that the area’s social institutions have unquestionably failed to help a large number of residents become and reamin employable and find gainful employnment.     

The rise of the professional accountant in British management

This article quantifies the growth in the number of professional accountants in British management, charts their influence over the past century, and analyses the causes. It is most likely that Britain initially spawned large numbers of accountants because of the particular nature of its capital market which led to demands for the independent auditing of company accounts. British companies then recruited their accountants from this ever growing pool of professionally qualified auditors and the reason why these accountants rose to the top in British management was probably that the profession provided virtually the only formal management training available in Britain.     

转变我国外贸发展模式的理性思考

改革开放以来,我国对外贸易取得了长足发展,贸易大国的地位得以确立。但随着国际、国内形势新的变化,我国传统的外贸发展模式也遇到了诸多挑战。文章在对我国传统外贸发展模式下取得的成就和遇到的问题进行分析的基础上,探讨了转变我国外贸发展模式的有效途径。     

英伦三岛传递文明火种

2012年5月中旬．奥运圣火抵达英伦,并在英国和爱尔兰境内开始了为期70天的火炬传递活动。溯洄历史长河．很多曾经繁盛一时．又最终销声匿迹的古代文明,都为人类的生存与发展贡献了宝贵遗产。而孕育和塑造西方古典文明．并对现代西方文明影响深远的古希腊,则馈赠给人类另一笔弥足珍贵的精神财富——古代奥林匹克运动会。     

上海利用外商直接投资的变动轨迹分析

近年来,随着上海经济结构的调整和城市建设步伐的加快,上海利用外商直接投资的规模和质量都得到了空前的发展和提高。本文通过对上海近年来利用FDI的规模总量、投资方向、投资方式和资金来源的变化轨迹进行分析,力求客观的了解上海利用外资的概况。