Exploring consumer purchase intentions and behavior of buying ayurveda products using SOBC framework

The research intended to study the consumer's buying behaviour of Ayurveda products by examining factors that influence consumer's buying decision. Stimuli-Organism-Behaviour-Consequence (SOBC) framework was deployed to test 1316 responses collected using a structured questionnaire. Analysis was performed using CB-SEM method while demographic variables were used as moderator. The four dimensions used in the study, including Stimuli (Health consciousness, Product attribute); Organism (Product availability. Ethnocentrism and Environmental and Sustainability Orientation); Behaviour (Customer beliefs and Purchase intention) and Consequence (Buying behaviour) were found to hold positive association as hypothesized. House-hold income and educational qualification moderated the relationship between organisms and behaviour as well as behaviour and consequence. SOBC model is unique in context of traditional/culture oriented products. The constructs incorporated in the SOBC model provides novelty to the study. Inclusion of Ethnocentrism and Product Availability as Organism have not been examined in the previous studies. The study adds to current literature on consumer behaviour specifically in the context of traditional products. Identifying Health Consciousness in the context of generic Ayurveda products with a unique set of variables contributes to the literature.The identification of stimuli causing behaviour such as health consciousness and product attribute and organisms that influence behavioural response including product availability ethnocentrism as well as environmental and sustainability orientation provide consumer insights to marketers and firms dealing in traditional products. The perspective on consumer beliefs provide directions of policy formulation to governments.     

A meta-analysis of consumer impulse buying

This study provides a meta-analysis of the impulse buying literature and examines common antecedents for impulse buying behavior. An exploration of the impulse buying literature results in the establishment of three overarching constructs used as independent variables: dispositional, situational, and sociodemographic variables. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to assess which variables are shown to have the strongest effect on impulse buying and suggest that the dispositional/situational interaction variables have the strongest relationship with impulse buying followed by dispositional, situational, and sociodemographic main effects, respectively. Specific dispositional, situational, and sociodemographic constructs are explored further along with moderating effects. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

A decision support model for buying battery electric vehicles considering consumer learning and psychological behavior

Developments in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have received more and more attentions in the last decades due to alleviating carbon emissions and energy crisis. Consequently, how to rank alternative BEVs to assist consumers make better purchasing decisions is a worthy research study. However, there are still some defects in the existing studies for ranking of BEVs: 1) the evaluation index system of BEVs is not comprehensive; 2) the determination of criteria weights cannot be well applied to the actual purchase scenarios; and 3) the psychological behavior of consumers is ignored. To address those shortcomings, this paper proposes a decision support model to assist with consumers to buy BEVs. First, a systematic evaluation criteria system of BEVs including quantitative and qualitative indicators from parameter configurations and online reviews is constructed. Then, a weight algorithm considering consumer learning is proposed to determine the criteria weights. Furthermore, a decision support process considering consumers' regret avoidance behavior is proposed. Finally, an actual BEV purchase case is given to illustrate the practicability of the decision support model. This can be seen in case studies the proposed support model can be well applied to consumers with different regret avoidance behaviours.     

Report on consumer problems when buying a car

According to the European Consumer Law Group, the following objectives should be reached by national or international action: For new cars: 1. better consumer information through statutory obligation for the seller to deliver (a) a booklet with standardised information on price, safety, fuel consumption, and maintenance costs and (b) a written form mentioning a number of essential contractual data (i. a., price); 2. better information against unfair prices, by forbidding price increases between order and delivery, unless a long delivery term (six months or more) has been agreed on; 3. better protection against delays in delivery by obliging sellers to indicate a precise and binding delivery date in the contract; 4. better compensation of losses due to defects: each purchaser of a car should be given a statutory guarantee during a minimum period, covering all parts and repairs; 5. increased intra-brand and inter-state competition in the car business through a serious surveillance of selective distribution and abuses of economic power and breaking up barriers of imports between member countries; 6. the introduction of a period of reflection for the consumer should be considered. For used cars: 1. the liability of the manufacturer or importer for defects should be maintained as a principle; 2. the professional seller should also be liable for defects during a reasonable time after the sale; 3. the consumer should have pre-purchase information on a number of essential points which are to be considered as conditions of the contract; 4. the sale of unroadworthy cars should be prohibited and the introduction of tamper-proof odometers should exterminate car mileage fraud; 5. better compensation of losses due to defects should be made possible by means of a statutory minimum guarantee; 6. the consumer should have a period of reflection.

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Zusammenfassung Nach Meinung der European Consumer Law Group sollten durch internationale und nationale Maßnahmen folgende Ziele erreicht werden: Bei neuen Kraftfabrzeugen: 1. bessere Unterrichtung des Verbrauchers durch eine gesetzliche Verpflichtung für den Verkäufer zur Ausgabe (a) eines Informationsbuches mit standardisierten Angaben über Preis, Sicherheit, Treibstoffverbrauch und laufende Kosten sowie (b) eines schriftlichen Vertrages mit der Angabe einer Anzahl wesentlicher Vertragsbestimmungen (z. B. Preis); 2. besserer Schutz gegen unangemessene Preise durch Verbot der Preiserhöhung zwischen Bestellung und Lieferung, es sei denn, eine lange Lieferfrist (sechs Monate oder mehr) sei vereinbart worden; 3. besserer Schutz gegen verzögerte Lieferung durch die Verpflichtung der Verkäufer zur Angabe eines genauen und verbindlichen Lieferdatums im Vertrag; 4. bessere Entschädigung gegen Schäden, die auf Fehlern beruhen; jeder Käufer eines Fahrzeugs sollte eine gesetzliche Garantie für eine Mindestdauer eingeräumt erhalten, die für alle Teile und Reparaturen gilt; 5. erhöhter Wettbewerb innerhalb einer Marke und zwischen verschiedenen Staaten durch ernsthafte Überwachung der selektiven Vertriebsmethoden und des Mißbrauchs wirtschaftlicher Macht sowie durch Beseitigung der Importschranken zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten; 6. die Einführung einer Überlegungsfrist für Verbraucher sollte erwogen werden. Bei Gebrauchtfahrzeugen: 1. grundsätzlich sollte die Haftung des Herstellers oder Importeurs für Fehler fortbestehen; 2. der gewerbsmäßige Händler sollte während einer angemessenen Zeit nach dem Verkauf ebenfalls haften; 3. der Verbraucher sollte vor dem Kauf über bestimmte wesentliche Umstände unterrichtet werden; diese Umstände sollten Bedingung des Vertrages sein; 4. der Verkauf nicht verkehrsfähiger Fahrzeuge sollte verboten werden; die Einführung fälschungssicherer Kilometerzähler sollte Fälschungen der zurückgelegten Kilometerzahl unmöglich machen; 5. eine gesetzliche Mindestgarantie sollte geschaffen werden, die einen besseren Ausgleich für Schäden infolge von Fehlern des Fahrzeugs ermöglicht; 6. der Verbraucher sollte ein Recht auf eine Überlegungsfrist erhalten.

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Contact Address of the European Consumer Law GroupJules Stuyck, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rechtsfakulteit, Tiensestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.     

Consumer habit forming,information acquisition,and buying behavior

Based on the three stages of consumer decision making proposed by Howard, this study analyzes the influences of consumer habit formation on information acquisition, stored information, and buying behavior. Using a sample of women having or expecting their first child, their habit formation with regard to three baby-related products is assessed. The data confirm most of the hypotheses derived from the theoretical model. Implications for marketing are discussed.     

Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions

The concept of impulse buying is discussed and characterized as encompassing purchases with high emotional activation, low cognitive control, and a largely reactive behavior. A study is conducted to investigate whether emotions causing impulse buying can be identified empirically by interview data and observation of the mimical expression of buyers and nonbuyers. The results support the validity of the techniques employed.     

Time, attention, authenticity and consumer benefits of the Web

This article addresses three potential consumer behavior tendencies: perceived time scarcity, competition for consumers' attention, and quest for authenticity. It also reviews prior research results on consumer benefits of the Web, which include convenience, time savings, ease of use, cost savings, and selection of items. The most prevalent consumer concerns are safety, waiting time, and loss of human interaction. This paper concludes that both time and attention are closely related to measurable attributes of interactive environments, while the ideals of authenticity may influence behavior less directly.     

Customers' values,beliefs on sustainable corporate performance,and buying behavior

Sustainable corporate performance (SCP) requires balancing a corporation's economic, social, and environmental performance. This research explores values, beliefs about the importance of SCP, and buying behaviors of supermarket customers from within a stakeholder framework. Beliefs about the importance of SCP (both social and environmental, but not economic) were found to be related to values. Also, it was found that customers' environmentally responsible buying behaviors were related to their beliefs about the importance of environmental SCP. However their socially responsible buying was not related to their beliefs about the importance of social SCP. Responsible buying behavior may be facilitated by providing reliable information about environmental and social aspects of products. Marketing professionals have a central role to play in moving towards a greater level of corporate transparency and sustainability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Influence structure in organizational buying behavior

Empirical support is needed for the wealth of existing conceptual models describing organizational buying processes. This study focuses on measuring and understanding the relative influence of different buying center components in the context of convention site selection by a sample of North American associations. Mail questionnaires were sent to members of each major buying center component of 506 associations located in the United States and Canada. Responses were received from 386 permanent association executives, 650 elected officers of associations, and 1870 association members. The study found that important differences existed in the influence of different buying center components, with elected officers generally having the most influence and members the least. This general finding was qualified, however, by two factors. First, dominance in the decision process was found not to be a generalized phenomenon. Rather, it varied with specific subdecisions. Second, the nature of influence structure was found to vary significantly across associations having different objectives, structures, and sizes.     

Anthropomorphized artificial intelligence,attachment, and consumer behavior

Marketing Letters - The increasing humanization and emotional intelligence of AI applications have the potential to induce consumers’ attachment to AI and to transform human-to-AI...     

Untangling the relationships between consumer characteristics,shopping values,and behavioral intention in online group buying

This study examines the link among consumer characteristics (price-sensitive behavior, variety-seeking behavior, and compulsive buying behavior), shopping values (utilitarian and hedonic shopping values), and behavioral intention in online group buying (OGB). This study tests usable responses collected by means of mall-intercept systematic sampling from consumers who previously participated in OGB. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data and test the hypothesized relationships. Findings suggest that price-sensitive and variety-seeking behaviors are significantly related to utilitarian shopping value, whereas price-sensitive, variety-seeking, and compulsive buying behaviors are significantly related to hedonic shopping value. Both utilitarian and hedonic shopping values significantly influence consumers’ OGB intentions. For a successful OGB strategy, Internet marketers and site operators should emphasize the utilitarian shopping value of price saving and selection and introduce the hedonic shopping values of promotions and sensory experiences. This study provides a link between two streams of prior research – that is, consumer characteristics and shopping values. Furthermore, it validates an empirical model whose results can help business practitioners make better-informed marketing management decisions for OGB and help academics and consumers better understand OGB behavior.     

网上购物中消费者权益的保护

随着知识经济的到来,信息消费正越来越多地成为居民日常消费生活的重要内容。近年来,随着网络技术的发展和计算机的普及,电子商务在我国迅速升温,作为B2C（business to consumer）电子商务的主要形式,网上购物的人数及交易额与日俱增。国务院发展研究咔的统计资料表明,截止到2000年7月,国内的网上商店已由1998年底的100多家发展到近1000家,与此同时,网上欺诈的案例也逐渐多了起来,网上消费者权益保护在我国却仍然是一个“盲点”。在今年的“两会”期间,网络立法成为政协提案和讨论的热点之一,其中,一些委员专门提到了网上消费者权益保护问题,这一问题引起了很大的反响。的确,如何规范网上商家的经营行为,保护网上消费者的佥权益,确保消费类电子商务的健康有序发展,是我们面临的一个亟待解决的重要课题。     

Fashion consumer profiles in the Portuguese market: involvement,innovativeness, self‐expression and impulsiveness as segmentation criteria

This study identified fashion consumer profiles among Portuguese young adults. The work was based on four constructs: fashion involvement, fashion innovativeness, self‐expression through fashion products and impulsiveness. Another purpose of this study was to test these instruments in this cultural context in order to contribute to the generalizability of the scales. A cluster analysis uncovered three groups: Moderates, Apathetic and Enthusiasts. On the whole, this study proposes a new way of segmenting Portuguese fashion consumers and demonstrates that the four constructs employed can be used in different cultural contexts.     

Mail advertising and consumer behavior

This paper examines some trends in mail advertising and presents some findings from a longitudinal study on mail sent to and from U.S. households. Data from 1987 and 1991 interviews and diaries of a national probability sample of U.S. households were compared. As the third largest advertising medium, mail has grown in market share in the past decade as traditional advertising media declined or stayed the same. The paper examines how consumers feel, perceive and respond to the advertising mail they receive. It also explores how characteristics of the senders and recipients, factors outside the mail piece and the type of mail piece, influence consumer attitudes, perceptions, and treatment of the mail received. The paper concludes with recommendations to advertisers, marketers, and fundraisers for future research and for increasing the effectiveness of mail in their marketing mix. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The effects of sales promotion strategy,product appeal and consumer traits on reminder impulse buying behaviour

This article investigates factors of marketing communications and consumer characteristics that induce reminder impulse buying behaviour. Study 1 applies the antecedent, process and consequence approach to investigate the essential differences between reminder impulse buying and pure impulse buying. The results of Study 1 reveal that reminder impulse buying significantly differs from pure impulse buying on motivation, buying goal and decision evaluation. Study 2 further examines how sales promotion strategy might affect reminder impulse buying, with product appeal and consumer traits as moderating factors. Both sales promotion strategy and its interaction effects with product appeal are found to have significant influences on reminder impulse buying. Specifically, an instant‐reward promotion promotes stronger reminder impulse buying than a delayed‐reward promotion. Furthermore, both a utilitarian product appeal with a price discount promotion and a hedonic product appeal with a premium promotion can encourage greater reminder impulse buying.     

I,me, and my everything: Self conceptual traits and compulsive buying behavior

Compulsive buying behavior is detrimental to the well-being of the consumers, brands, and the economy. Therefore, the current study aims to understand how the self-conceptual traits and values underline the corridors to the compulsive buying behavior of fashion apparel products. We collected self-administered data from systematically selected 744 young shopping mall consumers and employed structural equation modeling (SEM) via maximum likelihood method for analysis. Self-conceptual traits (physical and achievement vanity), materialism, and brand consciousness play a pivotal role in the development of compulsive buying behavior in young consumers of Pakistan. Furthermore, the presence of materialistic attitude and brand consciousness in consumers firmly explains vanity-driven consumer's excessive, chronic, and unneeded purchasing of fashion appeal products. Policymakers and fashion apparel marketers should limit the excessive use of self-oriented and self-defining appeals in their marketing campaigns and focus on strategies that build consumer relationships with brands based on mutual benefits and welfare.     

Demographics in consumer behavior

Four criticisms against using socioeconomic and demographic (SED) factors in consumer behavior are reviewed: dissatisfaction with models of consumption behavior developed by economists and sociologists, obsolescence of SED factors in mass consumption societies, poor predictions produced by SED factors, and a grass-is-greener attitude held by consumer researchers. The insights offered substantially hurt the validity of these criticisms. Strategies for better theory and research in consumer behavior using SED factors are described.     

Sex,gender identity,gender role attitudes,and consumer behavior

This article identifies differences between sex, gender identity, and gender role attitudes. Using measures of these constructs, data were collected in a field study of Christmas shopping behaviors. Alternative measurement and multivariate regression models were estimated. The results showed the models best fit the data when the measures were specified as reflecting unique rather than common gender constructs. The measures also each explained significant incremental variance in different shopping behaviors. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.