Bilateral matching with Latin squares

We develop a general procedure to construct pairwise meeting processes characterized by two features. First, in each period the process maximizes the number of matches in the population. Second, over time agents meet everybody else exactly once. We call this type of meetings “absolute strangers.” Our methodological contribution to economics is to offer a simple procedure to construct a type of decentralized trading environments usually employed in both theoretical and experimental economics. In particular, we demonstrate how to make use of the mathematics of Latin squares to enrich the modeling of matching economies.     

Bargaining and strikes: Towards an evolutionary framework

Conventional models of strikes start with the assumption that the bargainers' uniquely rational beliefs can be worked out in advance. Strikes are then explained as either the result of institutional constraints or of the possibility of irrationality. By contrast the evolutionary approach begins with a recognition that bargaining is naturally indeterminate and that, in the absence of a unique model of rational bargaining, conflict-free agreements between rational trades unions and firms reflect the evolution of one out of many possible conventions. This paper explores the alternative interpretation of strikes afforded by this perspective. In particular, it shows how strikes help shape the dispositions of bargainers (as opposed to just revealing it), how periods of conflict are succeeded by periods of industrial peace (and vice versa), and how the stability of bargaining protocols depends not only on the conventions regulating the relations between unions and firms but also on those between workers and union leaders as well as on technological innovations.     

Good timing: The economics of optimal stopping

This paper presents an economic interpretation of the optimal “stopping” of perpetual project opportunities under both certainty and uncertainty. Prior to stopping, the expected rate of return from delay exceeds the rate of interest. The expected rate of return from delay is the sum of the expected rate of change in project value and the expected rate of change in the option premium associated with waiting. At stopping the expected rate of return from delay has fallen to the rate of interest. Viewing stopping in this way unifies the theoretical and practical insights of the theory of stopping under certainty and uncertainty.     

价格垄断行为违法所得计算模型探讨

根据反垄断经济学的基本原理,通过分析价格垄断行为违法所得的基本特征,从而构建出价格垄断行为违法所得的计算模型,为反价格垄断执法实践提供可操作性的工具。     

电力系统人员结构合理化探索

电力系统体制改革至今已经取得了明显成效,无论企业还是电力系统工作人员都力求将改革落实到位。本文以佳木斯农电局为例,就电力系统人员结构合理化进行初步探索。     

The role of liquid government bonds in the great transformation of American monetary policy

A fundamental shift in monetary policy occurred around 1980: the Fed went from a “passive” policy to an “active” policy. We study a model in which government bonds provide transactions services. We present two calibrations of our model, using pre- and post-1980 data. We show that estimates of pre- and post-1980 policy rules all lie within our determinacy regions. But, the pre-1980 policy was a very bad monetary policy, even if it avoided sunspot equilibria. Model simulations suggest that household welfare would have increased by 3.3 percent of permanent consumption in this period under an active policy.     

Managerial Complexity in Process Industrial R&D Projects: A Swedish Study

Process industries often have features that differ from other businesses, such as round‐the‐clock production and costly and specialized production processes—features that have not been dealt with in the project management literature. We highlight and identify the complexity of R&D projects in the Swedish process industry and its interrelated process development and product development activities based on results from interviews and a case study. The different competence areas in which a project manager must integrate and manage R&D projects is illustrated. We conclude that a project manager needs both production and product‐related competence, including customers' processes.     

从电气角度浅谈1000MW发电机组甩负荷试验

从电气角度阐述了上海漕泾电厂1000MW机组甩负荷试验的具体情况,并针对试验中出现的问题进行了分析。     

企业管理的简繁之美

有个故事说某报纸曾举办一项高额奖金的有奖征答活动,题目是在一个充气不足的热气球上,载着三位关系世界命运兴亡的科学家。此刻热气球即将坠毁,必须丢出一个人以减轻载重,使其余的两人得以存活,请问该丢下哪一位科学家?问题刊出之后,因为奖金数额庞大,信件如雪片飞来。在这些信中,每个人皆竭尽所能,甚至天马行空地阐述他们认为必须丢下哪位科学家的宏大见解。最后结果揭晓,巨额奖金的得主竟是一个小男孩。他的答案是:将最胖的那位科学家丢出去。事物本源其实很简单,但人们往往把他们复杂化。思路决定出路。无论是在工作中,还是在生活中,能…     

空间结构斜拉索计算方法的研究

斜拉索是斜拉结构最为重要的构件,因为受到索拉力、自重和索长三个因素的影响产生垂度效应而具有了非线性特征,所以其分析方法是十分重要的。本文将具体研究抛物线理论和悬链线理论,通过研究发现,当斜拉索较短时,可用抛物线理论中只拉不压的杆单元来模拟,当索较长时,悬链线理论更为精确。     

Complexity and the Meaning of Freedom: The Classical Liberal View

A bstract . The classical liberal view of economic freedom as the absence of coercion in economic affairs is examined in its historical and epistemological foundations. The contributions of Descartes, Bentham, Newton and Locke are emphasized. This view is found to be unduly restrictive in relation to the complexity and synergistic interdependencies of modem technology and economic arrangements. More specifically, it is found to be atomistic, negativistic, aresponsible, and historically perverse. It is based on the notion that markets somehow exist prior to and independently of social control — an error of which Adam Smith and the classical economists were not guilty. The complex and interdependent characteristics of contemporary society , with its maldistribution of income, wealth and power , have rendered it obsolete. The instrumentalist view of freedom outlines the competing alternative.     

军事院校计算机实验室管理与维护

部队信息化建设对计算机应用型人才需求的增加,使得军事院校计算机应用技术实验实习教学的地位日渐突出。硬件还原卡和凌波多媒体网络教学软件的结合使用可以有效的解决计算机实验室使用过程中的诸多问题,方便了对计算机实验室的管理和维护。     

Why Is Italy Doing So Badly?

We analyse the current Italian economic crisis as a phase of a major systemic decline. We argue that ‘Italy's system’ has forced the country to abandon a dynamic view of comparative advantage, crucial for sustained economic growth, in favour of a static view of specialisation. Creative destruction has been hampered and sectoral restructuring has not occurred, resulting in stagnation. The roots of this decline lie in collective action issues and an implicit contract between elites and civil society. We suggest that these issues must be resolved if the Italian economy and society are to revive.     

The Genesis of the High Technology Milieu: A Study in Complexity

This paper addresses the question of ‘how and why some places develop expanding industrial complexes while others move along other trajectories’, with reference to localized high technology enterprise. It is argued that concern with local resource endowments has led to the neglect of chance events and cumulative processes, key features of path dependence. The emerging industrial ensemble can be conceived as a complex open system, characterized by interdependent activities, sensitive to initial conditions and subject to irreversibilities. In such systems, the relationship between initial conditions and subsequent innovative developments is unpredictable, though common dynamic processes can be detected. The systems approach can address the multidisciplinary features of the innovative milieu, where economic, cultural and political dimensions form an interdependent whole. Cet article explore ‘comment et pourquoi certains endroits développent des ensembles industriels grandissants alors que d’autres suivent des trajectoires différentes’ en ce qui concerne les entreprises locales de technologie de pointe. Je soutiens qu’un intérêt pour les dotations des ressources locales a conduit à négliger les événements dus au hasard et les processus cumulatifs, éléments centraux de la dépendance du trajectoire. Les ensembles industriels naissants peuvent être vus comme des sytèmes ouverts complexes, caractérisés par des activités interdépendantes, sensibles aux conditions initiales et soumis à des irrévocabilités. Dans de tels systèmes, la relation entre les conditions initiales et les développements innovatifs subséquents est imprévisible, bien que des processus dynamiques communs puissent être détectés. L’approche systémique est appropriée aux éléments multidisciplinaires du milieu innovatif où les dimensions économique, culturelle et politique forment un tout interdépendant.     

Complexity and the Meaning of Freedom

A bstract . The technological and social complexities and synergistic interdependencies of our times have rendered the individualistic, classical liberal view of freedom all but helpless as a guide to intelligent action. An alternative conceptualization is needed. The instrumentalist view, founded as it is in the principle of the continuity of the life process , provides such an alternative. In contrast with the negative "freedom as the absence of coercion" view of the individualists, the instrumentalist views freedom as a positive power of participation in the framing of rules of right conduct. Such power, in order to be instrumentally effective, must also be founded in the best available warranted knowledge of the potential consequences of alternative patterns of rules. This need for a more expansive and relevant view of freedom comes most forcefully into focus at the interface between powerful, but potentially destructive technologies and the attendant need for their social control.