对取消农业税后农村公共产品供给的思考

农业税是农村居民享受农村公共产品的成本。我国的农业税收与农村公共产品的提供上存在的城乡二元制，由此造成了城乡之间税负不公、农民负担过重和农村公共产品供给的短缺。因此在乡镇财政困难的情况下，当前农业税改革必须考虑到农村公共产品供给的问题。笔者认为在当前情况下，取消农业税后，应考虑改革地方财政体制，保证农村公共产品的供给。     

重建我国农村公共产品供给体制闰轻农民负担

20世纪 80年代中期以来 ,农民负担过重的问题开始呈现出来 ,并迅速加剧 ,减轻农民负担成为当前农业与农村工作的一个重要课题。为解决这一问题上下都做了不少努力 ,但至今成效甚微。究其原因 ,就在于这些努力还未涉及到本质性的问题 ,即农村公共产品供给体制的改革与重建。　　一、当前农民负担问题的实质　　当前我国农村的农民负担问题 ,既不是简单的经济政策问题 ,也不仅仅是公共产品分配问题 ,而在本质上是公共产品供给体制问题。因此 ,只有对我国农村公共产品供给体制进行系统的制度分析 ,才能正确理解当前的我国农民负担问题的实质 ,…     

我国农村公共产品供给的制度变迁与体制重构

农村公共产品供给主要存在单中心体制和多中心体制两种制度模式,考察我国农村公共产品供给制度变迁过程,对于我们探索农村公共产品供给制度创新具有基础性意义。长期以来,我国农村公共产品供给实行的是以政府为主导的单中心体制,构建农村公共产品供给多中心体制是有效解决我国农村公共产品供给问题的合理选择。     

试论农村公共产品供给体制的改革与完善

从运行特征上看，现行农村公共产品供给体制仍然没有突破人民公社时期指令性强制供给的弊端，相对于农民需求的变化，已不适应当前农村社会、经济发展的实际，必须积极进行创新体制的研究。本文结合公共财政学的有关理论，在对农村公共产品尝试分类的基础上，提出了改革完善的思路。     

农村公共产品供给体制创新探析

当前,我国农村公共产品供给总量不足,结构失衡,严重阻碍了农村、农业的持续、稳定发展。出现上述问题主要是由于现行农村公共产品供给体制在运行上仍然存在一些弊端,本文结合财政学的有关理论,提出了新型农村公共产品供给体制的构建策略。     

统筹城乡发展中农村公共产品供给的思考

建设社会主义新农村,必须大力发展农村公共事业,破除公共产品城乡二元供给体制.把农村公共产品的供给纳入到城乡一体的公共产品供给体系中来,在统筹城乡发展中逐步构建起完整有效的农村公共产品供给体制.     

改善农村公共产品供给体制建设社会主义新农村

农村公共产品供给不足,是我国社会主义新农村建设过程中非常严重的障碍之一.原有的农村公共产品供给体制落后,已不能适应农村发展的新要求.如何有效地改善农村公共产品供给体制,增加农村公共产品的供应量是社会主义新农村建设的关键.本文结合相关理论,提出了改善农村公共产品体制的思路.     

新农村建设中农村公共产品供给问题探析

农村公共产品供给问题是社会主义新农村建设的难点和重点问题.要顺利推进社会主义新农村建设,必须改革现行的农村公共产品供给体制,通过重构供给体系、完善表达机制和多元市场供给机制、强化预算和监管、改善政府绩效考核、理清不同层级政府间的责权关系并精简机构,进一步完善农村公共产品的有效供给.     

土地制度改革视域下的农村公共品供给机制及其优化路径研究

农村公共产品供给机制是一种利益分配机制,随着经济迅速发展,农民对农村公共产的需求不断变化。特别是土地制度改革后,农村公共品供给体制适应不了经济环境的变化。为推动农村经济的发展,需要不断创新和完善供给机制模式,正确认识供给体制优化过程中各种制约因素,探索和创新新型农村公共品供给机制及其实现路径。     

浅谈农村税费改革后的公共产品供给对策

当前,我国以减轻农民负担为主要目标的农村税费改革取得了明显的效果,但也出现了一些新问题、新情况。例如农村基层政府财政普遍紧张,除维持正常的基层组织运转外,很难有多余的财力用于增加农村公共产品的供给。导致农村公共产品供给严重短缺。而农村公共产品的数量多少和质量高低,直接影响农业生产的丰歉和农民的利益,税费改革后农村公共产品供给难的问题亟待解决。     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.