基于电子鼻、电子舌技术的姜厚朴炮制机理探讨

为了从气、味角度阐述姜制厚朴刺激性降低的炮制内涵,采用电子舌、电子鼻分别对15份厚朴药材、15份净厚朴、15份姜厚朴进行炮制前后味觉和气味定量化测定,分别利用配对样品t检验和主成分分析的方法解析炮制前后厚朴味觉和气味的变化.结果显示,味觉中只有涩味在炮制后降低,具有显著差异(P<0.05),而电子舌的涩味传感器是对涩味...     

Pupils' attitudes to technology in key stage 3 of the national curriculum: A study of pupils in South Wales

This paper describes part of a continuing research project based at the University of Wales, Swansea, which is investigating pupils' attitudes to a range of national curriculum subjects. There has been no major national funded project to evaluate the national curriculum from pupils' perspectives. The market economy philosophy adopted by the present government is restricted in the meaning of choice given to consumers of education. Pupils' opinions are rarely sought out.The paper describes the results gained from a Likert-type attitude scale and subsequent follow-up interviews with a selection of pupils aged 13 and 14 years in secondary schools across South Wales.     

公路路堑挡雪墙防雪效果预测与设计参数优化

为了对延崇高速路堑风吹雪雪害问题进行防治,首先采用CFD数值模拟方法研究了挡雪墙防护措施下路堑积雪分布规律,其次基于正交试验方法建立了路堑挡雪墙防雪效果预测模型,最后优化了金家庄螺旋隧道口路堑挡雪墙设置方案。研究结果表明,路堑边坡比对挡雪墙防雪效果的影响程度最大,其次是挡雪墙高度、路堑深度、风速、风速-挡雪墙高度组合、挡雪墙布置距离和挡雪墙高度-挡雪墙布置距离组合,而风速-挡雪墙布置距离组合的影响程度最小。金家庄螺旋隧道口路堑风吹雪挡雪墙最优高度为6 m、挡雪墙和路堑之间最优距离为90 m。设置挡雪墙时路堑路段积雪体积分数减少了12.36%,证明了优化挡雪墙的布置可起到较好的防雪效果。因此,研究结果可为风吹雪挡雪墙的设置提供一种便捷快速的方法和科学依据,为路堑风吹雪灾害防治提供理论参考。     

New social relations of digital technology and the future of work: Beyond technological determinism

This introduction sets out the context for the Special Issue and offers an in-depth reflection on key themes addressed by our contributors. The Special Issue aims to place the social relations of production at the centre of debates about technology and the future of work, and create space for greater critical reflection on what it means to go ‘beyond technological determinism’. We identify ways in which aspects of technological determinism continue to influence debates on technology, the labour process and industrial relations, despite efforts to reject it. We argue that this influence is manifested in some persistent problems within the literature including overly rigid periodisations (such as ‘platform capitalism’), a narrow conceptual repertoire (which reifies notions like ‘algorithmic control’) and a constricted empirical focus. We elucidate the value of a social shaping of technology (SST) approach to overcome these challenges and provide a brief overview of the articles contained within the issue.     

合作研发装备制造业共性关键技术的组织创新战略研究

合作研发装备制造业共性技术可以实现资源共享、优势互补,分散研发风险,有效提升装备制造业的自主创新能力.要加强企业、高校、研发机构与政府的合作,构建装备制造业共性关键技术合作研发的组织模式,合理选择和开展共性技术研发活动,建立装备制造业共性技术研发组织的良性运行机制,以提升装备制造业乃至整个国家和地区的技术核心竞争力.     

浸锑石墨氧化及滑动磨损性能研究

浸锑石墨复合材料在动密封领域具有较好的应用前景。针对已有研究主要致力于其制备工艺及优化,而对于浸锑石墨的氧化及磨损性能的研究较少的现状,主要研究了浸锑石墨在300℃和500℃时的空气氧化及室温条件下的滑动磨损性能。通过SEM及XRD表征了浸锑石墨氧化及磨损表面形貌与组成。结果表明,300℃时,随着氧化时间的增加,浸锑石墨的氧化质量变化很小;500℃时,随着氧化时间的增加,浸锑石墨的氧化质量变化很大,表面氧化严重。载荷相同时,随着磨损时间的延长,浸锑石墨的磨损质量损失增加。滑动时间相同时,随着载荷的增大,浸锑石墨磨损质量的损失反而减少。实验条件下,浸锑石墨300℃条件下的抗氧化性较好,重载条件下的磨损量损失较少。     

基于打叶器框栏设计的烟叶打后叶片结构优化研究

为了将叶梗分离后的叶片结构指标控制在适宜范围,满足卷烟原料质量稳定性的要求,对打叶机一级、二级打叶器的框栏进行组合设计,其中:一级打叶器选用不同尺寸的六边形框栏和菱形框栏的组合,二级打叶器选用3.0英寸六边形框栏和2种尺寸菱形框栏的组合设计.研究不同框栏形状、大小对叶片结构指标及片形的影响.结果表明:一打使用3.5英寸...     

基于科技资源配置效率视角对北京高新技术产品国际竞争力的实证分析

本文从显示性指标和分析性指标两个方面来评价高新技术产品国际竞争力。第一步利用显示性指标对北京高新技术产品国际竞争力的现状及发展潜力进行剖析;第二步利用分析性指标来深入挖掘影响北京高新技术产品国竞争力提升的重要因素。即利用贸易竞争指数和MI指数分别测算高新技术产品国际竞争实力和国际竞争潜力;利用因子分析的方法计算出各省市区的科技资源的配置效率。研究结果表明:北京高新技术产品国际竞争实力较弱,但发展趋势呈上升态势;北京的科技资源配置效率低是影响高新技术产品国际竞争力较弱的重要因素。     

科技金融对创新效率影响的实证研究——基于中国高技术产业省级面板数据

基于中国东部、中部、西部以及全国2007~2016年高技术产业的省级面板数据,以科技经费投入和技术人力投入作为投入指标,以专利数量和新产品的产值作为产出指标,首先使用DEA方法计算了不同地区高技术产业的创新效率。以企业自主创新投入、政府支持、科技信贷和风投支持作为科技金融指标,使用面板模型实证分析了科技金融对于高技术产业创新效率的影响。结果表明,考察期内,中国不同地区高技术产业的创新效率均有所提升;科技金融的发展在一定程度上提升了高技术产业的创新效率,但是外商直接投资对于创新效率产生了一定的抑制作用。最后针对本文结论提出了相关建议。     

Analyzing the relationships between information technology, inputs substitution and national characteristics based on CES stochastic frontier production models

This research examines four interrelated issues at the country level: the value of information technology (IT), inputs substitution and complement, the complementarity phenomenon created by IT and national characteristics, and the productivity paradox, jointly and critically from a global perspective, using the so-called productive efficiency as the performance measure. To that end, we develop the three-factor constant elasticity of substitution (CES) stochastic production frontier model and apply it to a set of panel data from 15 countries over the period 1993–2003, along with the traditional two-factor CES models, within the one- and two-equation frameworks. In the two-equation setting, six national characteristics are selected as the contributing factors of the productive efficiency. The findings include: (i) the value of IT as measured by the productive efficiency is duly recognized: (ii) the productivity paradox is found to be absent from the production process in a majority of developed and developing countries considered, rejecting the existing argument that the paradox exists only in developing economies but does not exist in developed countries; however, the developed countries have used IT capital in their production systems more productively efficiently than the developing nations; (iii) traditional capital (non-IT capital), traditional labor, and IT capital are not pairwise substitutable, contrary to the notion that they are pairwise substitutable at the firm level; (iv) constant returns to scale, as commonly assumed, are not supported by the data; (v) different national characteristics affect a country's output (represented by gross domestic product or GDP) and its productive efficiency differently; and (vi) the complementarity phenomenon is observed in most of the countries (developed and developing) under study.