考虑政府补偿的PPP生态项目合作博弈分析

尽管PPP模式在我国得到大力的推广与采纳,但收益不明确,项目周期长的生态项目,在推广PPP模式时屡屡碰壁。而我国"生态文明建设"的目标任务又使得生态项目将成为今后PPP推广的重点领域。基于此,在考虑生态项目的环境效益、政府补偿因素下,分别构建和求解政府与社会资本的两方博弈和政府、金融机构、社会资本的三方博弈,通过博弈分析得出只有三方博弈存在唯一均衡解,得出政府补偿决策更多地受到金融机构的相关决策影响,而社会资本在PPP模式中的合作决策又是最复杂的,需要同时考虑政府的合作决策与金融机构的合作决策。     

数据信托下平台数据安全的演化博弈仿真研究

针对互联网平台的数据安全问题，探讨基于数据信托构建可行的多方治理路径。建立演化博弈模型分析平台和信托的行为策略和稳定状态，利用MATLAB仿真探究参数值变化对博弈稳定状态的影响。研究发现：信托投资收益、信托投资分担比例以及收益让渡比例等因素能够促进平台进行安全投入，项目溢出效应则有负面激励作用，政府通过政策工具能够促进演化博弈收敛于良性的状态。     

基于资源禀赋的精准扶贫PPP项目可持续发展新路径研究

在精准扶贫工作中运用PPP模式,对扶贫的效率和可持续性具有一定的重要意义。精准扶贫重在保持扶贫工作的与时俱进和可持续发展,因地制宜地发掘和利用地方优势资源,以开发减贫PPP项目。在政府、社会资本和贫困群体之间搭建一个有效的合作平台,有利于扩大政府力量的有限性,增强资源配置的灵活性,调动贫困群体的内生动力,成为社会资本选择贫困地区开发项目,是参与扶贫建设的焦点,也是精准扶贫PPP项目可持续发展的新路径。     

特色小镇PPP项目主要法律风险识别和防范 ——以社会资本方为视角

特色小镇建设存在巨大融资和运营需求,PPP项目模式能够满足上述需求.作为PPP项目模式的一方,社会资本方应对PPP项目整个识别、准备、采购、执行和移交流程中存在的法律风险充分认知,加以识别并采取切实有效措施防范,保障项目顺利开展并获得预期收益.     

基于PPP模式下资产证券化的探索

PPP是政府与社会资本协作经营的商业模式,近几年,国家多部委为推进更多的PPP项目落地,陆续发布多项指导性文件,各级政府也提高了对PPP项目的重视程度。由于融资难度较大,社会资本方在PPP项目全周期内面临"现金流"压力。因此资产证券化可以有效解决"现金流"压力。     

两种PPP招标模式的风险与防范

<正>“两标并一标”“三标并一标”两种招标模式的由来由于PPP项目投资金额动辄以亿元起,回报率低,回报周期长,从目前的统计数据看,PPP项目的年平均收益率是6%-8%,平均运作周期是20年;政府方、社会资本方与金融机构等参与方众多;全生命周期管理难度大,对社会资本方吸引力不强,因此,社会资本方在竞标PPP项目时,同时获得项目施工承包权是必然的选择。     

市政环保类PPP项目的保底量与投资回报的关系

本文针对政府与社会资本合作项目,分析了项目保底量与固定回报的内涵及作用、风险分配、绩效相关性和合规性等方面。研究表明,PPP领域中保底量和固定回报存在本质性区别。保底量是最低需求风险的一种分配方式,而固定回报则是无风险的回报。保底量是项目得以运行的基本条件,项目是否获得收益取决于项目的融资、建设、运营管理水平。固定回报即表明可获得固定收益,与项目运营状态无关,规避了社会资本对风险的承担。保底量的设置要合理,不仅要基于现实情况,也要合理预测未来需求,考虑政府财力状况,避免风险分配失衡,以保障项目稳定运行,政府和社会资本合作成功。     

影响PPP项目可持续发展的因素——基于货币时间价值的思考

PPP(Public-Private Partnership)项目,即公私合营模式下的项目,该种合作模式不仅降低了政府地方债务的比重,减轻地方政府财政压力,而且节约社会资本,实现投建营一体化。实现社会价值最大化是公私合营模式产生的最终目标,而实现目标的前提则是要兼顾项目多方参与者的利益最大化,因此,作为社会资本方,保证自身利益最大化成为首要目标。文章以PPP项目的长期性作为切入点,详尽的阐述PPP模式、货币时间价值的基本概念,并分析总结货币时间价值对PPP项目价值产生的影响,以期为项目决策者在项目选择时提供帮助,降低风险,保证项目的可持续发展,从而实现社会资本方的利益最大化。     

PPP模式在林业生态建设项目中的应用探讨

文章首先详细介绍了PPP模式,再分析PPP模式在林业生态建设项目中的主要应用,从而更好地为林业生态建设项目提出一些可行性建议。PPP模式是一种新兴的资本融合模式,通过合理的在林业生态建设项目中采用PPP模式能够促进政府和社会资本方之间的联系和沟通,从而激活市场来提高新型科技在社会相关建设中的充分应用。通过这种方式还可以有效缓解我国政府的林业生态建设中的经济压力。所以说,在林业生态建设项目应用PPP模式是一种可行的方案,因此文章通过围绕PPP模式在林业生态建设项目中的应用探讨为主题来展开分析,通过分析PPP模式的应用来更好地加强社会资本在林业生态建设项目中的资金投入,从而实现林业生态建设的顺利进行。     

医院PPP项目运营管理要点及实证探讨

本文从社会资本方角度,探讨新建医院PPP项目运营期管理需要关注的几个问题,帮助社会资本方更好地推进PPP项目运营管理。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.