又一个急速衰落的典型

金融创新是未来企业发展中的一个重要问题,如何解决企业发展中的融资问题需要有创新的模式     

外国企业常驻代表机构税收管理相关问题解析

外国企业常驻代表机构(以 下简称“代表机构”),系指按国务院管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定,经国务院有关部、委、局批准并在工商行政管理部门登记,设立在中国境内的外国企业及其他经济组织的常驻代表机构,包括华侨、港澳台企业及其他经济组织的常驻代表机构。由于代表机     

金融信息风险决策中的熵应用

由于金融信息决策问题的环境存在许多不确定因素,因此就有风险型决策。对风险型决策采用的是概率统计方法,所依据的是期望值准则。然而,复杂的现实生活不断向我们提出这样的问题:依据期望值准则所作出的决策,其不确定性的程度到底有多大?能否寻找到不确定性程度较低的决策方法?本文通过对熵的引入与应用,提出了金融信息风险决策中产生高熵的几个主要因素,同时给出了决策中使系统不确定性的度量——熵变小的方法,使信息管理决策中的熵思想得到广泛的应用。     

外资代表处收入藏于"无形"

近年来,苏州工业园区的外国企业常驻代表机构日益增多,其业务核算一般比较简单,涉及地方税税种也相对较少,一直以来都不是地税部门管理和稽查的重点,这     

公司法定代表人越权行为若干问题探讨

目前各国相关法律对公司法定代表权的规定不尽完善。在实践中，法定代表人越权行为日渐增多，不仅造成公司信誉度降低，而且对公司债权人保护十分不利。建立完善的公司法定代表人制度已成为公司在新的条件下发展的关键。     

Sources of Growth in East African Agriculture

A dynamic agricultural sector is critical for alleviating Sub-SaharanAfrica's current economic crisis, and for laying the foundationsof sustained future growth. In recent years, however, agriculturehas performed poorly in many African countries. Efforts to assistits recovery, often through structural adjustment lending, havesuffered from inadequate information about country- and region-specificfactors, and from an emphasis on macroeconomic policies withoutcomplementary interventions at the sector level. The articledescribes the patterns of agricultural growth in Kenya, Malawi,and Tanzania, and examines price and nonprice aspects of threesets of factors: initial endowments and subsequent exogenousdevelopments, general economic influences, and sectoral issuesand policies. It suggests that government action at the sectoraland subsectoral levels in such critical areas as land policy,smallholders' access to inputs, and agricultural research needsto be combined with macroeconomic reforms to achieve sustainedand broadbased agricultural growth.     

中国公司如何在英注册代表机构

根据英国公司法,所有在英国有经营场所的海外公司均需在英国注册.在英注册公司或代表处的主管机构是英国贸工部(DTI,Depart of Trade and Industry)的公司注册处(Companies House),在英国设立代表处的程序比较简单,但规定代表处不能开展商品交易,也毋需缴纳公司所得税.     

对外商代表机构征税的回眸与对策研究

长期以来,在对外国企业常驻代表机构征税实践中遇到的问题牵涉面广,情况复杂,从根本上说,这是由于公司、企业法制不完善而造成的。对外国企业常驻代表机构的征税要想形成一套规范的管理体系,必须在调整和细化征免税界限、变革征纳税方法的基础上,积极协调配合有关部门完善公司法制。     

浙江省国际税收研究会召开第三届会员代表大会

2007年3月21日,浙江省国际税收研究会在美丽的西子湖畔杭州市召开了第三届会员代表大会。中国国际税收研究会、浙江省国家税务局、浙江省地方税务局、浙江省社会科学界联合会的领导和第二届理事、第三届理事候选人等社会各界代表共150余人参加了会议。     

近期美元逆市走强的原因分析

近期,在全球金融危机、经济衰退的的背景下,美元逆市走强。该文对其背后的原因进行了多层次的分析,认为从表面上看,美元逆市走强是美元需求增速高于供给增速的结果,深层原因则基于美元的国际地位和美国较强的政治经济军事实力,也可能有一定的战略意图。因此,预计近期美元将维持强势,但在恐慌稳定之后可能转为下跌。     

浅谈企业内部代理计价的方法

引入代理计价,可增强责任中心业绩评价的准确性与公正性,增加企业集团的整体收益.内部代理计价的方法有市场法、成本法、协商法、双重定价法.为便于实际操作,有必要对市场法、成本法的应用建立简易数学模型.     

Relative Importance of Risk Sources in Insurance Systems

Abstract

Actuaries, and other managers of uncertainty, identify factors in modeling insurance risks because they believe (1) that these factors affect the outcome of a risk or (2) that the factors can be managed, thus allowing analysts a degree of control over the insurance system. This paper shows how to use a statistical measure, the coefficient of determination, for quantifying the relative importance of a source of uncertainty. With a quantitative measure of relative importance, risk managers can sharpen their intuition about the relative importance of risk factors and become better custodians of financial security systems.

This paper shows that the coefficient of determination is intuitively appealing in assessing the effectiveness of basic risk management techniques including risk exchange, pooling, and financial risk management. A single source common to all risks reduces the effectiveness of a pool; the risk measure quantifies the relative importance of this common source. The coefficient of determination is shown to have roots in the economics as well as the statistics literature. This connection provides further motivation for using the coefficient of determination and also suggests alternative measures for quantifying relative importance. The risk measure is useful in multivariate situations in which several factors affect a risk simultaneously. The paper illustrates this usefulness by considering a pool of policies that is subject to mortality, a common disaster, and a common investment environment.     

The Sources of Financing Constraints

Which financial frictions drive firms’ financing constraints? We structurally estimate dynamic firm financing models embedding many financial frictions, on panels of public firms and private firms. We focus on limited enforcement, moral hazard, and trade-off models and assess which models rationalize best observed corporate policies across various samples. Our tests, based on empirical policy function benchmarks, favor trade-off models for larger public firms, limited commitment models for smaller public firms, and moral hazard models for Private firms. Our estimates suggest significant financing constraints due to agency frictions and highlight the importance of identifying their sources for firm valuation.     

Sources of momentum profits in international stock markets

This paper examines the sources of momentum profits of countries exhibiting and not exhibiting momentum and compares the differences in the underlying factors determining momentum profits between these two groups of countries. We find remarkable differences in the decomposed components between these two groups of countries. Countries exhibiting momentum show that the cross‐sectional dispersion in unconditional mean returns dominates the negative contribution from the component reflecting the intertemporal behaviour of asset returns. However, this is not the case in countries exhibiting no momentum. Furthermore, countries with greater relative contribution from the cross‐sectional variance in unconditional mean returns tend to have greater momentum profits. Our results may support risk‐based explanations for the momentum phenomenon rather than behavioural finance‐based explanations.     

浅议加强高校教代会制度建设

首先分析了在我国教育体制改革的新形势下，高校教代会建设面临的新情况、新问题、指出提高领导干部的民主意识，是加强教代会建设的关键。增强教职工参与民主管理的积极性是根本，建立科学化、规范化、法制化的运行机制是保障，最后提出了加强和改进教代会建设的对策。     

越南通货膨胀的成因与启示

该文深入剖析了越南通货膨胀的发展和成因,认为此次越南乃至整个世界范围内的通胀失控,既有一国内部的原因,也有全球经济环境的原因。首先全球范围内石油价格和粮食价格的上涨都对越南的通胀失控影响显著;其次越南本国的粮食价格飞涨、流动性过剩和宏观调控失误也是重要原因;最后文章认为应该警惕越南通货膨胀的对外输出作用、全球货币政策需协调配合,同时在此次全球性通货膨胀的背景下,我国应该密切关注通胀效应的国际传递,谨慎对待宏观调控。