我国有限合伙制风险投资基金内部治理研究

有限合伙制作为风险投资基金一种主流的组织形式,其内部治理主要体现为有限合伙人与普通合伙人对有限合伙制VC的监管机制,有效地解决了风险投资中的两大难题:信息不对称和风险不对称问题.从法理基础、有限合伙人保护机制、普通合伙人的信义义务的维度对我国有限合伙制风险投资基金内部治理结构加以考察,有利于在不同利益主体之间寻找最佳平衡点,进而为提高基金运作和决策的效率,保证基金投资者利益的最大化提供理论支撑.     

风险资本市场的治理结构研究

风险资本的运作过程一般分为两个相互联系的环节:一是风险资本家筹资组成以有限合伙制为典型形式的风险投资中介机构--风险投资基金;二是风险投资基金对风险企业进行投资.即风险资本运作过程中存在所谓双重的委托--代理关系.本文围绕投资者与风险资本家之间的合同关系、风险资本家与企业家之间的合同关系,以及风险资本市场信息披露制度就风险资本市场的治理结构创新进行研究.     

解读有限合伙制风险投资基金

风险投资主体制度的缺陷是目前我国风险投资业面临的关键问题之一。有限合伙制以其特有的产权和责任安排而被认为是最符合风险投资行业特点和要求的组织形式。我国应探索建立适合我国国情的有限合伙制风险投资基金。     

风险投资组织形式的国际比较与我国的选择

风险投资是一种创新型投资,对于高科技产业和以科技、知识为基础的现代经济来说意义重大。风险投资组织形式是影响风险投资效率和发展速度的重要因素。本文通过对以美国为代表的有限合伙制、以日本为代表的公司制和以台湾地区为代表的信托基金制的国际比较,得出有限合伙制是最有效率的组织形式。目前我国风险投资的公司制存在许多弊端,未来风险投资组织形式的选择应借鉴国际经验,结合我国国情,分两步走,最终建立以有限合伙制风险投资机构为主体的风险投资体系。     

风险投资的组织形式及相关法律制度研究

从法律形态来看,风险投资组织形式大体上可以分为三大类,即合伙制(主要是有限合伙制)、信托基金制和公司制.从现实形态看,不同的组织形式和制度安排,会产生不同的风险投资效率. 一、三种风险投资组织形式的比较分析 从经济学角度来看,风险投资组织形式和制度安排主要解决三个基本问题:一是运营问题,即如何最大限度地降低运营成本;二是代理人问题,即如何最大限度地降低代理人风险(成本);三是激励问题,即如何最大限度地激励风险资本家努力勤勉地工作.     

外商风险投资基金制度创新的探讨

外商风险投资基金在国内发展滞后,落后的法律制度设计是极为重要的原因。本文通过对现行外商风险投资制度的考察,结合国外先进的立法经验,从“出资限制”、“有限合伙制”、“投资者资格”、“业务监管”、“税收优惠”等角度,对外商风险投资基金的科学制度设计提出初步构想。     

有限合伙制创业投资基金所得税问题初探

随着新<合伙企业法>的实施,越来越多的本土创业投资企业/基金采取了有限合伙制的组织形式.但由于目前我国与有限合伙制企业有关的税收立法滞后,导致有限合伙制创业投资基金的所得税税收及其征管存在一些问题.本文对这些问题进行了深入分析,并有针对性地提出了完善我国有限合伙制创业投资基金所得税政策的若干建议.     

我国风险投资企业引入有限合伙制探讨

本文主要介绍有限合伙制及其在风险投资企业中存在的优势,分析我国风险投资企业引入有限合伙制的主要障碍并提出创造适合的法制环境,改革风险投资资金供给机制,建设风险投资专家队伍,加强对有限合伙企业的运行监督等对策建议。     

中国创业投资行业发展的几个瓶颈问题

风险投资是投资者的一种赚钱方式，具有高风险性和高收益性的特点。作者认为要规避风险，最好的方法就是成立风险投资基金。在西方国家，多采用有限合伙制的方式来管理风险投资基金，其中，有限合伙人专门把资金投入风险投资基金，普通合伙人负责管理风险投资基金。作者通过比较美国、台湾和中国的风险投资发展现状，分析了中国风险投资业目前存在的主要问题。作者认为中国风险投资业存在的瓶颈问题主要有：退出机制不完善，不能通过上市实现退出；有限合伙制的缺乏，导致了投资要缴纳观倍税额，投资者的意愿主事投资决策、政府直接插手投资活动等等一系列问题；中国的风险投资基金规模普遍偏小，不能大力推动国内高科技企业的发展，这直接导致了中国高科技企业规模普遍较小，从而未能建立风险投资企业的完整框架。此外，中国缺少专门针对风险投资业的立法，企业信用体系尚未建立，缺乏有助于公司快速成长的经营管理人才等等，这些因素都阻碍了串国风险投资的快速发展，为解决中国风险投资业发展中的瓶颈问题，作者提出了六条建议。     

有限合伙制在我国风险投资领域的应用研究

本文通过阐述有限合伙制在我国风险投资领域应用的适用性,分析有限合伙制在我国风险投资领域应用的障碍,最后提出相关研究对策,为有限合伙制在我国的顺利实施提供理论参考和政策建设.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.