基于收益共享和风险规避的品牌专营供应链协调研究

以一个两阶段的品牌专营供应链系统为背景,针对供应链上决策激励不一致和风险规避效应导致供应链低效的问题,研究了在实践中广泛应用的收益共享契约对品牌专营供应链协调性的影响。证明了收益共享契约可克服双重边际效应和风险规避效应,使供应链得到协调,并给出了契约参数的设计方案,同时指出了销售商风险规避偏好对供应链决策的影响。     

Common inventory modeling assumptions that fall short: Arborescent networks, Poisson demand, and single-echelon approximations

Traditional multi-echelon inventory theory focuses on arborescent supply chains that use a central warehouse which replenishes remote warehouses. The remote warehouses serve customers in their respective regions. Common assumptions in the academic literature include use of the Poisson demand process and instantaneous unit-by-unit replenishment. In the practitioner literature, single-echelon approximations are advised for setting safety stock to deal with lead time, demand, and supply variations in these settings. Using data from a U.S. supplier of home improvement products, we find that neither the assumptions from the academic literature nor the approximations from the practitioner literature necessarily work well in practice.In a variation of the strictly arborescent supply chain, the central warehouse at our real company not only replenishes other warehouses but also meets demand from customers in the region near the central warehouse. In this paper, we study this dual-role central warehouse structure, which we believe is common in practice. Using high and low volume product demand data from this company, we use Monte Carlo simulations to study the impact of (1) the use of a dual-role centralized warehouse, (2) common demand assumptions made in multi-echelon research, and (3) single-echelon approximations for managing a multi-echelon supply chain. We explore each of these under both centralized and decentralized control logic. We find that the common assumptions of theoretical models impede their usefulness and that heuristics that ignore the actual supply chain structure fail to account for additional opportunities to utilize safety stock more effectively. Researchers should be aware of the gap between standard assumptions in traditional literature and actual practice, and critically evaluate their assumptions to find a reasonable balance between tractability and relevance.     

Analysis of capacity constraints on the backlog bullwhip effect in the two-tier supply chain: a Taguchi approach

This paper investigates the impact of capacity constraints and safety stock on the backlog bullwhip effect in a model of a two-tier supply chain. One of the most commonly applied methodologies to study the various aspects of the Beer Game model is the control theoretic technique. It is clear that these control theoretic models are linear and cannot deal with non-linearities, such as capacity constraints. Thereafter, simulation experiments together with Taguchi design of experiments are performed to study non-linear impacts of capacity constraints in a two-tier supply chain. This research gives supply chain operations’ managers and designers a practical way to develop a trade-off between capacity and safety stock at different echelons and to take better decisions about their capacity and safety stocks. Future work should investigate the total cost implications of capacity constraints and safety stocks in a multi-echelon supply chain.     

引入风险厌恶偏好的供应链部分回购协调契约

研究了由一个风险中性的供应商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成的供应链系统的部分回购契约。将部分回购契约建模讨论,并进行数值模拟分析。结果表明,当零售商为风险厌恶时,供应链系统仍能达到协调,且回购比例是零售商的风险厌恶程度的增函数,批发价格是零售商的风险厌恶程度的减函数。     

多级库存策略模拟建模

面向传统供应链结构,即由供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、顾客市场五部分组成的供应链,研究了中心库存策略供应链管理系统的组成部分,采用了离散系统模拟建模方法对多级库存策略进行模拟建模。文章不只针对一种库存策略或单一目标的模型进行模拟,而是针对多级库存策略,从整体出发,使用BPMN对供应链的各个流程均建立了概念模型,并可以采用Arena进行实现,为建立供应链模型提供了流程化的方法,为企业进行决策提供了有力的帮助与支持。     

Investigating the value of information sharing in multi-echelon supply chains

Under the structure of multiple business entities, supply chain management (SCM) offers the external and internal integration of business processes in enterprises. The most important objective of SCM is to enhance the supply chain performance such as reinforcing the service level and increasing profit as well as reducing order cycle time and inventory. In recent years, due to the advancement of information technology, enterprises can manage the product flow and the information flow via economical and efficient mechanisms. The well-organized information sharing can enhance the supply chain performance and allow enterprises to refine their strategies of supply chain in order to maximize their profits. The previous studies pointed out the positive effect of information sharing on the efficiency of supply chain. However, relatively little literature focuses on the performance analysis for multi-echelon supply chain with various information sharing scenarios. By using the simulation technique, this paper models different scenarios of information sharing, and further analyzes the impacts of information quality on multi-echelon supply chain performance. In addition, this paper employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to integrate multiple performance measures to ensure the information sharing scenarios with enhanced performance.     

基于Extendsim的多级库存系统仿真

针对多级库存难以控制的问题,利用Extendsim软件对需求和提前期均随机的多级库存系统进行建模和仿真,以供应链的利润最大化为目标,结合该软件的Optimizer模块,对多级库存各节点的订货点、订货量进行遗传算法计算。从而有效地解决了多级库存难以管理的问题。     

基于定常需求的多级供应链联合决策研究

联合决策为整条供应链增加利润或者降低成本,位于供应链上游的企业可以通过联合决策获得规模优势,位于下游的企业要为此付出代价。通过建立多级供应链库存模型,用数学规划的方法求出模型的最优解,并通过数值例子来证明联合决策为整个供应链系统带来更大收益,同时位于供应链上游的企业在联合决策中受益最多。     

基于反馈控制的多级供应链分布式决策支持系统

以复杂供应链为研究对象,提出了基于供应链自适应反馈控制模型的多级供应链成员行为与决策的动态协调机制,进而提出了供应链的分布式决策支持系统体系结构,使得各成员企业按照各自的行为特性进行的自主(自发)决策在供应链层级的行为协调机制作用下,最终实现供应链系统对外部环境(包括终端市场)信息及其变化的实时、最优反应,不仅使系统具有高度的敏捷性和稳定性,而且能够使所有成员的利益得到保障和提升,使系统效率达到最大化。     

基于自组织理论的供应链运作风险研究

对供应链系统的自组织特性进行分析,设计了供应链系统运作模型框架。通过对系统间的协同分析,运用熵值理论和可靠性理论从系统的角度分析和度量供应链运作风险,并提出了供应链运作的风险规避方法。     

供应链数量折扣契约与退货契约研究评述

供应链契约是目前供应链管理研究的前沿问题之一,主要目标是解决如何协调供应链中各方的决策和利润分配,其中数量折扣契约和退货契约是目前研究较多、应用较广泛的契约形式.本文综述了数量折扣契约和退货契约的研究现状,指出以下问题是未来重要的研究方向:(1)不确定需求下的数量折扣契约;(2)数量折扣与退货的组合契约;(3)跨国供应链数量折扣契约、退货契约;(4)多级供应链的数量折扣契约、退货契约.     

基于多层次供应链网络的业务外包策略比较研究

选择合适的外包策略对于提升企业的竞争力至关重要。拟通过构建一个基本的马尔可夫模型来评价基于不同外包策略的企业多层次供应链网络的绩效,为企业的外包决策提供一个简单有效的工具。     

Firm's resilience to supply chain disruptions: Scale development and empirical examination

This paper expands our understanding of factors that contribute to development of firm resilience to supply chain disruptions. In doing so, we operationalize firm resilience to understand how supply chain disruption orientated firms can develop resilience to supply chain disruptions. We find that supply chain disruption orientation alone is not enough for a firm to develop resilience. Supply chain disruption oriented firms require the ability to reconfigure resources or have a risk management resource infrastructure to develop resilience. The way in which supply chain disruption oriented firms develop resilience through resource reconfiguration or risk management infrastructure depends on the context of the disruption as high impact or low impact. In a high impact disruption context, resource reconfiguration fully mediates the relationship between supply chain disruption orientation and firm resilience. In a low impact disruption context, supply chain disruption orientation and risk management infrastructure have a synergistic effect on developing firm resilience.     

Decentralized Supply Chain Decisions on Lead Time Quote and Pricing with a Risk‐averse Supplier

We consider a decentralized supply chain containing a risk‐averse supplier and a risk‐neutral retailer with lead time‐sensitive and price‐sensitive demands. A Stackelberg game is employed to model the lead time quote and pricing decision process between the two members under the conditional value‐at‐risk criterion. A unique equilibrium is obtained. Using the corresponding centralized mode as a benchmark, we find that a less risk‐averse supplier is better to cooperate and share risk with the retailer to improve the entire supply chain's efficiency. With a uniformly distributed realized lead time, the impact of the supplier's risk aversion on the decisions can be characterized by a few threshold values of the late delivery penalty cost. In particular, when the unit delay penalty cost exceeds a certain level, a more risk‐averse supplier will counter‐intuitively quote a shorter lead time by risking a higher delay penalty cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A socio-economic optimization model for blood supply chain network design during the COVID-19 pandemic: An interactive possibilistic programming approach for a real case study

In uncertain circumstances like the COVID-19 pandemic, designing an efficient Blood Supply Chain Network (BSCN) is crucial. This study tries to optimally configure a multi-echelon BSCN under uncertainty of demand, capacity, and blood disposal rates. The supply chain comprises blood donors, collection facilities, blood banks, regional hospitals, and consumption points. A novel bi-objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is suggested to formulate the problem which aims to minimize network costs and maximize job opportunities while considering the adverse effects of the pandemic. Interactive possibilistic programming is then utilized to optimally treat the problem with respect to the special conditions of the pandemic. In contrast to previous studies, we incorporated socio-economic factors and COVID-19 impact into the BSCN design. To validate the developed methodology, a real case study of a Blood Supply Chain (BSC) is analyzed, along with sensitivity analyses of the main parameters. According to the obtained results, the suggested approach can simultaneously handle the bi-objectiveness and uncertainty of the model while finding the optimal number of facilities to satisfy the uncertain demand, blood flow between supply chain echelons, network cost, and the number of jobs created.     

供应链管理汇率风险协调机制研究

随着经济全球化不断深化,金融市场更加活跃,汇率的短期波动对供应链的稳定产生了冲击。对于汇率引起的供应链不稳定风险,可以通过建立汇率风险的协调机制,降低汇率风险对供应链稳定性的影响,保证供应链的市场竞争力。文章首先分析了汇率风险对供应链稳定性的影响,进而从系统的角度考虑,建立供应链的风险协调机制。     

Kraljic采购矩阵的改进与实证研究

近年来,众多公司开始将非核心业务外包给供应链的其他成员。成员间的互相依赖性增强,一旦有意外事件发生,供应链就有断裂的风险,这对公司的短期盈利和长期发展都产生重大影响。文章试图将供应定位模型与供应链风险防范有机结合,规避供应采购环节的风险,并以某跨国压缩机生产企业为实证研究,来验证方法的有效性。     

A PageRank-based reputation model for personalised manufacturing service recommendation

The number of manufacturing services for cross-enterprise business collaborations is increasing rapidly because of the explosive growth of Web service technologies. This trend demands intelligent and robust models to address information overload in order to enable efficient discovery of manufacturing services. In this paper, we present a personalised manufacturing service recommendation approach, which combines a PageRank-based reputation model and a collaborative filtering technique in a unified framework for recommending the right manufacturing services to an active service user for supply chain deployment. The novel aspect of this research is adapting the PageRank algorithm to a network of service-oriented multi-echelon supply chain in order to determine both user reputation and service reputation. In addition, it explores the use of these methods in alleviating data sparsity and cold start problems that hinder traditional collaborative filtering techniques. A case study is conducted to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach in recommending the right manufacturing services to active service users.     

基于AHP的绿色供应链管理实施风险测度模型研究

作为一种新兴的企业战略管理模式,绿色供应链管理越来越受到各国政府、企业及学术界的高度重视。但绿色供应链管理是一个风险型战略,对企业管理和控制风险的能力提出了很高的要求。文中在构建绿色供应链风险评价指标体系的基础上,基于AHP层次分析法计算绿色供应链风险指标权重,建立企业绿色供应链管理实施风险测度模型,进而对制造企业绿色供应链实施风险进行测度研究。     

复杂供应链网络风险识别下的审计质量研究——基于全球断供冲击的视角

通过重点考察复杂供应链网络风险识别下的审计质量，研究发现全球断供冲击下我国下游企业供应链运营的中断风险显著提升了审计质量。作用机制表明，全球断供冲击会影响审计师执业风险，进而提高下游企业的审计质量。异质性分析显示，上述效应在事务所信息化水平高、企业供应商集中度低、审计师具备行业专长及大规模事务所的样本中更加显著。经济后果检验表明，在全球断供冲击下高质量审计供给有助于降低企业股价同步性，提高资本市场定价效率。研究结论不仅丰富了供应链网络风险与审计质量的相关研究，也为识别复杂供应链网络风险传播机理、增强供应链竞争力提供了理论依据与经验参考。