知识和技术分离对企业成长的影响

文章基于沪深两市A股上市企业财务数据,研究了知识资本投资与企业成长的关系,并考察了技术资本对二者关系的影响。研究结果表明,知识资本对企业成长具有双重效应,既可以直接促进企业成长,又能够发挥间接作用;技术资本对知识资本与企业成长的关系具有部分中介效应。进一步分析显示,当企业规模较大、代理成本较低或企业所在行业获得产业政策支持时,知识资本投资更有利于企业技术资本积累,从而更有益于企业成长。该研究有力论证了知识投资、技术积累与企业成长的关系。     

农民工返乡创业企业成长影响因素研究

基于企业资源基础理论视角,本文利用江西省126家农民工返乡创业企业的调查数据,以及多元有序Logistic模型,实证分析了影响农民工返乡创业企业成长因素,认为物质资本对农民工返乡创业企业的成长影响最大,人力资本也有较大影响,而组织资本的影响并不明显。另外,创业者性别、社会地位对返乡创业企业成长有显著影响,而企业规模则是通过人力资本的路径对企业成长产生间接影响。     

家族社会资本、创业导向与初创期企业成长绩效关系研究

文章以135家企业为样本,运用多元回归分析与结构方程模型对家族社会资本、创业导向及企业成长绩效三者之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,结构资本对创新性具有显著的正面影响,关系资本对风险承担性具有显著的正面影响,而创新性和先动性受到认知资本的影响。同时,结构资本能够提高企业的竞争绩效,关系资本有助于企业竞争绩效和潜力绩效的提高,而认知资本对企业潜力绩效具有显著的促进作用。在家族社会资本、创业导向和初创期企业成长绩效的关系链中,创业导向具有显著的中介作用。     

产权交易创新六种模式

新兴的资本市场包括创业板、柜台交易和产权交易市场，产权交易市场是构建多层次资本市场的基础，是创业资本运作的一个重要平台。通过产权交易市场，有些早期进入企业的创业资本实现了退出，但有更大更多在创业资本定位于企业的快速成长期或上市前融资。     

产权交易创新六种模式

新兴的资本市场包括创业板、柜台交易和产权交易市场。产权交易市场是构建多层次资本市场的基础,是创业资本动作的一个重要平台。通过产权交易市场,有些早期进入企业的创业资本实现了退出,但有更大更多的创业资本定位于企业的快速成长期或上市前融资。     

风险资本对创业企业发展的作用及规范建议

不同于一般股权资本形态,风险资本不仅投资实力雄厚,且投资具有投资阶段早、投资地域和行业集中等特征。这些特征也使其对创业企业融资具有重要价值。结合我国市场发展实情,本文提出了提高风险资本投资效率、促进创业企业成长规范性建议。     

风险投资理论及在我国的应用探究

风险投资是指个人或机构通过一定方式筹集资本,以股权投资的方式将其投入具有高成长潜力的未上市的创业企业,并通过提供管理服务参与企业的经营,以期获取企业创业成功后的高资本增值的一种资本投资方式。     

知识资本视角下企业成长路径研究——以科技型中小企业为例

基于科技型中小企业成长的特点,本文将人力资本与技术资本涵盖于知识资本的范畴,构建了影响科技型中小企业演化路径的指标体系,并且首次运用混合截面数据对科技型中小企业知识资本与企业演化路径的关系进行了实证研究。分析结果表明：在满足一定条件下,人力资本与企业成长路径变迁之间为正相关关系,其中,研发人员比例具有显著的经济意义。同时,R&D投入对企业倾向于跳跃式突变成长有显著的正向影响,而非R&D投入与之存在负相关关系,但在控制了行业特征之后,传统制造业R&D投入效果较之高科技行业更为显著,这一结果从另一侧面说明了行业特征对企业演化路径和策略选择的重要性。另外,我国科技型中小企业成长路径选择中不存在区域比较优势。     

从自主创业到共同创业

企业需要知识、资本与人才集成的经营。企业家需要改变理念，必须转到共同创业，把知识型、技术型人才当作创业伙伴。     

劳动密集型服务行业知识管理的分析

<正>一、引言随着知识经济时代的到来,知识已经逐渐成为企业成长、经济增长和社会发展的关键性资源。知识管理日益受到人们的重视,对于知识管理的研究也在不断加深。但是目前的研究对象主要是一般性的个人、组织和团队,或者重点研究资本技术密集型企业,对传统劳动密集型服务企业的知识管理缺乏有针对性的分析。基于此本文以劳动密集型的传统服务业为研究对象,分析这类企业中的知识管理。     

Josh Lerner: recipient of the 2010 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research

This article describes the academic contributions of the 2010 recipient of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research, Professor Josh Lerner of the Harvard Business School. Lerner’s empirical research on the inter-relationship between venture capital, innovation and entrepreneurship has greatly extended and improved our understanding of one of the major drivers of growth in modern economies. The first part of this article explains Lerner’s contributions as regards the structure and organization of the venture capital industry. Later, his most important publications on entrepreneurship, innovation and intellectual property rights are surveyed. Several aspects of Lerner’s policy-oriented work are then outlined, before the article closes with a brief conclusion.     

影响我国中小企业技术创新的因素分析及对策研究

中小企业对国家和地区的经济发展、社会稳定起着重要的作用,而技术创新是企业发展的核心动力。目前,我国中小企业的技术创新正面临企业家创新意识淡薄、资金人才匮乏、融资渠道不畅、服务体系不完善等重重障碍。完善激励机制、拓展融资渠道、培育技术创新服务体系和企业家精神,是推动我国中小企业技术创新、实现跨越式发展的有效路径。     

The Diana Project: pioneering women studying pioneering women

The 2007 winner of the International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research is the Diana Project team (Candida Brush, Nancy Carter, Elizabeth Gatewood, Patricia Greene and Myra Hart). The Diana Project builds on the vast experience of the team in the field of entrepreneurship in general and women entrepreneurship, business growth and venture capital in particular. The Diana Project has investigated the supply and demand side of growth capital for women entrepreneurs. The research contributes to entrepreneurship theory as well as to practice, filling a void in knowledge on growth-oriented women entrepreneurship. In this article we present and discuss the research contribution of the Diana Project, in the areas of entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurship and venture capital. We specifically discuss the value of researching a specific group of women entrepreneurs, those who want to grow their businesses, that very clearly demonstrates the positive potential of female entrepreneurship. The Diana Project has also moved research on women’s entrepreneurship forward since its framework does not treat women entrepreneurs as “other,” i.e., the project does not presuppose that women’s entrepreneurship is similar to or different from men’s entrepreneurship. It assumes that women’s entrepreneurship is entrepreneurship and studies it from that point of view. Carin Holmquist is professor at Stockholm School of Economics and member of the Prize Committee for The International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research. Sara Carter is professor at University of Strathclyde. Both have written extensively in several of the areas covered by the Diana Project. The prize is awarded by the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research (FSF) and the Swedish Board of Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK). An important aim with this prize is to attract broader attention to this research field. A precondition for choosing the winner of the award is that the research for which the award has been granted is a significant contribution to the theory and empirical understanding of entrepreneurship and the importance of entrepreneurship, new firm formation and small businesses in economic development. Besides the honor, the prize consists of SEK 0.5 million (roughly USD 80,000). It has been awarded annually since 1996. More information about the prize and previous winners is available at .     

Venture capital and high technology entrepreneurship

Venture capital clearly plays an important role in high technology entrepreneurship. The purpose of this article is to explain the differences among various venture capital complexes focusing on where venture capital is important to innovation and entrepreneurship and conversely where it is not. We do so through an empirical and historical examination of the seven most important venture capital complexes: California (San Francisco/ Silicon Valley), Massachusetts (Boston), New York, Illinois (Chicago), Texas, Connecticut, and Minnesota (Minneapolis).We establish a three-part tripartite typology for explaining the differences between these venture capital complexes: 1) technology-oriented complexes are located close to concentrations of high technology intensive businesses, invest most of their funds locally, and are net attractors of capital; 2) finance-oriented complexes are located around financial institutions and export their capital; and 3) hybrid complexes mix characteristics of both technology and finance-oriented venturing.Our findings have a series of important practical implications. Although venture capital is not absolutely necessary to facilitate high technology entepreneurship, well-developed venture capital networks provide tremendous incentives for entrepreneurship by lowering the difficulties of entering an industry. Venture capitalists use both their experience and their contacts to reduce many of the information and opportunity costs associated with new business formation. The importance of contact networks and information to both deal flow and investment monitoring goes a low way toward explaining why venture capitalists cluster tightly together. The availability of venture capital also attracts entrepreneurs and high quality personnel to a region creating a virtuous circle of new enterprise formation, innovation, and economic development.Private, nonprofit, and subsidized public efforts aimed at providing venture capital and stimulating high technology entrepreneurship must confront the fact that venture capital alone will not magically generate entrepreneurship and economic development. It is important that such efforts recognize the nonfinancial side of venture investing and attract experienced personnel who can tap into established entrepreneurial networks and secure coinvestors. More significantly, establishing public venture funding in an area lacking the requisite entrepreneurial climate or technology infrastructure may create a “catch 22” situation where locally oriented funds invest in bad deals or where venture capital is simply exported to established high technology regions.     

Entrepreneurship in Europe

This article focuses on the changes in attitude and venture capital provision that the author believes are necessary to rekindle the spirit of entrepreneurship in Europe. The article goes on to discuss technology clusters and the role of stock markets. It then describes the way the Cambridge-based Amadeus venture capital company sets about the venture capital process. It concludes with a plea for entrepreneurship centres to be set up in each university and for some changes in government policy.     

知识经济条件下智力资本流动与增值研究

现在社会已经处于知识经济时代,知识在经济发展中占有越来越重要的地位,知识经济时代的到来要求企业具有自己核心的智力价值。企业要想发展的更为迅速、提高自身的竞争力就得加大对知识的重视程度。智力资本是知识在经济发展中的体现。之前的企业资本主要是固有资产,厂房、机械等固定不变的资产,而随之知识经济时代的来临,企业资本的主体已经不是这些固有资产,而变成了智力资本。一个企业要想提高与其他企业之间的竞争力,加快企业发展的速度,就必须加大对智力资本的重视程度,丰富企业的智力资本。     

Crime,community social capital and entrepreneurship: Evidence from Australian communities

Crime is an anti-social blight on communities that increases the cost of doing business, including for entrepreneurs. Drawing on Australian longitudinal data, this study examines the links between crime rates and the propensity for entrepreneurship within communities. We do so by matching propensity for entrepreneurship with types of crime found at the community level where crime occurs. We find that higher total crime rates, crimes against the person and property crime, significantly lower the propensity for entrepreneurship in communities. We also show that the core facets of community social capital – trust, membership in voluntary organizations and support and cooperation – mediate this relationship.Executive summaryWe comprehensively examine whether higher community crime rates – crime on people and crime on property – cause lower rates of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship research extensively examines how gaining social capital, defined as the social resources one gains within one's community, promotes entrepreneurship. This study considers whether a pervasive community dynamic in crime impedes entrepreneurship. Specifically, we show that the two main kinds of crime – people and property – inhibit entrepreneurship.We show the facets of community social capital that mediate the relationship between crime and entrepreneurship. We inform the role of community-based social capital in promoting entrepreneurship (Kwon et al., 2013) by considering how higher crime lowers social capital and in turn entrepreneurship. We show that core facets of relational social capital – trust, voluntary membership in community bodies, support, and cooperation – mediate the relationship between crime and entrepreneurship. Likewise, communities with more robust reserves of social capital are better able to withstand crime and promote entrepreneurship.Examining the link between crime and entrepreneurship allows us to contribute to the literature on entrepreneurship and social capital. We discuss the various ways in which crime diminishes social capital to shape entrepreneurship. In our framework that is predicated on theory on community social capital, crime creates distrust because it causes citizens to be wearier and more suspicious of each other, impeding sharing of ideas and knowledge for ventures. Crime impedes the efficacy and membership of community-based organizations that allow entrepreneurs to network. Crime reduces the support available for founders to start and sustain businesses in focal communities, as individuals seek opportunities and resources outside their communities. Crime diminishes the extent to which people take pride in and identify with their communities, as evidenced by voluntary membership in community organizations. Crime reduces collaboration because it leads to self-protective behaviors, including flight from high-crime communities, that hinder norms of reciprocity. Crime reduces cooperation as criminals are more likely to resort to coercion, as enforced by monitoring and violence, to solve business problems.Findings rely on a comprehensive database of crime rates across Australian postcodes. Crime is typically a localized phenomenon – it affects business outcomes in local communities. We obtain community-level crime rates from each Australian state and territory police force or relevant government agencies and match these data with entrepreneurship rates by postcode. Our primary identification strategy follows Dustmann and Fasani (2016), who estimate the effect of local area crime on mental health in the United Kingdom (UK). This identification strategy removes the effects of residential sorting and correlates crime with time-varying unobserved entrepreneurship determinants if there is no endogenous migration from local crime. The main findings are robust to instrumenting for local area crime to which movers are exposed and for historical abortion rates in the state or territory where the individual lives, as well as a number of other approaches to obtaining causal inference.The article holds considerable practical relevance for policymakers seeking to promote community entrepreneurship. Our study is highly relevant to community leaders and policymakers working to boost local entrepreneurship. Findings strongly suggest that efforts to reduce crime are a primary mechanism to protect social capital within communities and, therefore, entrepreneurship. Policy initiatives dedicated to creating and expanding social ventures would a) boost entrepreneurship and social capital and b) mitigate the detrimental effects of crime on entrepreneurship (Wry and York, 2017).     

江西实施全民创业教育的政府对策

为了推动全民创业的发展战略，搞好全民创业教育，江西实施了全民创业教育的对策。论述了强化全民的创业教育意识、健全创业教育的组织、完善创业教育的内容、加强创业教育师资的培训及建设全民创业教育的基地等相关内容。     

The Positive Effect of Green Intellectual Capital on Competitive Advantages of Firms

No research explored intellectual capital about green innovation or environmental management. This study wanted to fill this research gap, and proposed a novel construct – green intellectual capital – to explore the positive relationship between green intellectual capital and competitive advantages of firms. The empirical results of this study showed that the three types of green intellectual capital – green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital – had positive effects on competitive advantages of firms. Moreover, this study found that green relational capital was the most common among these three types of green intellectual capital, and the three types of green intellectual capital of Medium & Small Enterprises (SMEs) were all significantly less than those of large enterprises in the information and electronics industry in Taiwan. In sum, companies investing many resources and efforts in green intellectual capital could not only meet the trends of strict international environmental regulations and popular environmental consciousness of consumers, but also eventually obtain corporate competitive advantages. Dr. Chen is an assistant professor in the Department of Business Administration in National Yunlin University of Science & Technology in Taiwan. His research focused on management of technology, innovation management, corporate environmental management, and patent analysis.