返乡农民工创业机制运行研究

受全球金融危机的影响,我国部分地区由此迎来了农民工返乡潮,能否妥善解决返乡农民工就业,直接关系到我国社会经济稳定的大局。本文重点阐述了返乡农民工创业机制问题,并分别从政府、金融信贷机构和社会机构角度提出了可行性建议,并将三者有机结合到一起,对农民工返乡创业机制的运行做了一定的探讨。     

农民工返乡创业的地方政府公共服务体系研究

国际金融危机以来,农民工返乡创业步伐明显加快,创业不仅带动了就业,也推动了农村经济的发展,促进了社会的和谐稳定。但是,农民工返乡创业仍然面临自身素质、政策、公共服务等众多制约,地方政府必须加大力度,构建农民工返乡创业政府支持体系,助推农民工返乡创业。     

中西部地区农民工返乡创业支持体系研究——以安徽省阜阳市为例

受2008年金融危机及我国沿海地区产业结构调整的影响,中西部地区农民工纷纷返乡创业,成为推动欠发达地区县域经济发展的重要力量。在分析农民工返乡创业支持体系影响因素的基础上,通过对中西部地区农民工创业现状的调查,结合Logistic回归模型,针对研究结论,提出了从政策环境、创业培训、金融服务、风险预警等方面促进中西部地区农民工返乡创业更好更快发展。     

返乡农民工创业目的与创业能力调查分析——以河南省固始县为例

返乡农民工创业对促进新农村建设及县域经济发展具有重大意义。以河南省固始县为对象,调查分析返乡农民工创业目的,建立了创业能力评价指标体系,并利用因子分析方法对返乡农民工的创业能力做出评价。调查发现大多数返乡农民工创业能力一般;在返乡农民工的创业能力中,创新能力、人际能力和坚韧力有着十分重要的意义,其中人际关系能力对已创业者更为重要。     

农民工返乡创业特征探究——基于对湖北监利、竹溪的调查分析

近些年,随着我国产业结构的调整,农民工返乡创业问题引起了国家的高度重视。农民工返乡创业与城市地区创业有显著的区别,在创业模式、管理方式、产品经营等方面都有着自己的特色。本文将综合阐述近些年来农民工返乡创业的研究成果,并以湖北省监利、竹溪两县市为例分析农民工返乡创业的特征。     

经济转型背景下农民工返乡创业发生机制研究

在我国经济转型背景下,农民工返乡创业意愿催生于农民工现代意识的提升.而随着农民工参照系从农民转移到市民,受城乡二元体制、低端分工就业制约和对未来出路的担忧,选择创业是获取稳定的生活际遇、经济效益和体面生活的最好方式,而返乡创业则是在个体资源禀赋约束下的有效途径.农民工返乡创业的方式具有明显的手段导向理性,扶持政策的制定应基于这一现实的基准来展开.     

黔东南州返乡农民工创业问题研究

近年来,我国部分劳动密集型产业向技术密集型产业转变,劳动力成本提高,劳动力需求明显下降,许多地方出现了大量农民工向中西部回流现象。本文结合黔东南州返乡农民工创业现状,深入分析返乡农民工创业过程中面临的主要困难,最后提出促进返乡农民工创业的对策及建议,旨在为返乡农民工创业提供一些借鉴之处。     

乡村振兴为农民工返乡创业提供的机遇——以贵州省为例

乡村振兴致力于农村的发展，乡村振兴背景下农村面貌焕然一新，为农民工的返乡创业提供了机遇。文章基于乡村振兴的背景，以贵州省农民工的返乡创业活动为研究主题，发现乡村振兴为贵州农民工返乡创业提供了更多的机会，扩宽了农民工返乡创业的资金来源，提供了良好的创业环境，并依据研究结论提出政策建议，以期能够更好地通过乡村振兴战略提高农民工返乡创业，促进贵州农村地区经济的快速发展。     

试论当前环境下返乡农民工问题

全球金融危机对我国经济影响很大,农民工成为我国最先受损的庞大群体。农民工大量返乡,农民收入增长受到较大影响,土地纠纷明显增多。政府要充分认识做好返乡农民工工作的重要性,争取更多投资项目、发展以扩大就业为重点的产业,加强职业培训,扶持返乡农民自主创业,以增加就业岗位,同时,要充分保护他们创业的积极性。     

农民工返乡创业的理论分析

农民工返乡创业是我国经济社会发展过程中出现的一种特殊现象。特别是美国引发全球金融危机发生以后，农民工返乡数量激增。其中，一部分农民工利用在外务工学到的本领开始在家乡创业，并由此引发了人们一些思考。从经济学视角分析农民工返乡创业现象，可以发现，农民工返乡创业对经济社会发展具有明显的促进作用，不仅可以缩小城乡差距，还可以推进城乡公共服务供给均等化。各级政府应高度重视并支持农民工返乡创业，努力降低一些行业准入门槛，加大信贷扶持，加强组织领导，引导鼓励农民工返乡创业。     

新生代农民工社会保障现状分析

随着城市化进程的推进和社会经济的发展,新生代农民工逐渐成为农民工群体的主体,对城市的建设正发挥着不可替代的作用。但由于制度和立法等原因,他们的各项社会保障基本权益得不到切实保护,致使这部分庞大的群体在融入城市的过程中受阻,为社会的和谐发展埋下了隐患。针对新生代农民工社会保障的现状及其缺失的原因进行了分析,并希冀能引起学术界和社会各界对这个特殊群体社会保障问题的关注。     

Internationalization of emerging-economy new ventures: The role of within-country differences

New ventures are increasingly internationalizing from emerging economies, but the role of their home country and any associated within-country regional differences are not well understood. In this article, we look at a new venture in China and how its headquartered region promotes its internationalization. We present empirical evidence that shows the interrelatedness between a venture’s region and internationalization: When institutional development in a region is strong, the impact of foreign firm presence on venture internationalization becomes even stronger. We discuss implications for managers of multinational enterprises and new ventures operating in emerging economies as well as policymakers in these economies.     

Home country institutions,social value orientation,and the internationalization of ventures

We examined how home country formal institutions and the venture’s value orientation influenced the venture’s likelihood of internationalization based on a data set that was adapted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data in the year 2009, covering 7668 individual ventures in 25 countries. Better-developed home country formal institutions are found to have a supportive impact on the venture’s likelihood of internationalization. The supportive impact is also found to be weaker for socially oriented ventures than for profit-oriented ventures. The venture’s social value orientation negatively moderates the home country formal institutions–likelihood of internationalization relationship. The negative moderating effects can be explained as follows: Socially oriented ventures in the better-developed home country institutional environment are less likely to develop coping skills against uncertain and risky institutional environments, which are common in their host countries. Besides the theoretical contributions, this paper also highlights the implications for both business researchers and policy makers.     

Perceived risks and choices in entrepreneurs' new venture decisions

Though risk plays a central role in most entrepreneurial decision making, little empirical research has explicitly examined how the elements of risk, risk perceptions, and entrepreneurs' propensities to take risks influence choices among potentially risky entrepreneurial ventures. This experimental study asked a sample of entrepreneurs leading America's fastest growing firms to make choices among a series of hypothetical new ventures. The results indicate that such choices are influenced by the risks inherent in the new ventures, as evidenced by the pattern of outcomes anticipated in each venture, the entrepreneurs' differing perceptions of those risks, and differences in their personal propensities to take risks.The subjects in our sample of entrepreneurs tended not to choose ventures having a high degree of variability in their pattern of anticipated outcomes. This avoidance of outcome variability suggests that the sensitivity analyses commonly prescribed for examining new venture attractiveness may inhibit risk taking, and may deter potential investors from investing in their firms. New approaches to assessing and presenting new venture risk, other than the traditional best case/expected case/worst case approach, may be advisable, as well as sufficiently through market research to provide evidence of the degree to which market acceptance is likely for the venture's products or services.We also found an effect of differences in risk propensities among entrepreneurs on their new venture choices. This effect suggests not only that entrepreneurs should be wary of any biases they bring to their new venture decisions, but that prospective investors should consider the degree to which entrepreneurs in whom they choose to invest are well-matched to the investors' own risk-taking propensities.Finally, while our sample of entrepreneurs tended to shun high levels of variability in their new venture choices, they appeared willing to accept a considerable degree of hazard, or possible downside, in their new venture choices, presumably in pursuit of potentially significant gains. Entrepreneurs are advised to seek a clear understanding of the downside entailed in their proposed ventures, and develop strategies to mitigate the likelihood of adverse outcomes. Thus they will not jeopardize chances for near term success and attracting support of investors and others in later stages of the venture or in subsequent ventures.Our research did not attempt to examine how our subjects' choices would have played out in terms of performance, but the apparent biases which entrepreneurs' risk propensities bring to their assessment of proposed new ventures is a potentially important issue that merits further scrutiny. On one hand, such biases may lead to patterns of suboptimal decisions. On the other hand, our results suggest that investors should entrust their new venture investments to entrepreneurs whose risk propensities (and perhaps other personal characteristics) best match the needs of both the opportunity at hand and the investor's objectives. As many venture capitalists attest, the management of a proposed new venture should lie at the heart of their investment decision.     

我国新社会阶层形成及发展的政治生态基础

政治生态的调整及其整体转型在我国新社会阶层的形成及其发展壮大过程中起着极为重大的作用;生产力本位论、政党建设论以及社会和谐论的提出和实施,奠定了我国新社会阶层形成及发展的政治一经济生态基础、政治一政党生态基础以及政治一社会生态基础。     

Missing the boat or sinking the boat: a study of new venture decision making

Taking two conceptualizations of risk, Dickson and Giglierano's [J. Mark. 50 (1986) 58] nautical analogy of entrepreneurial risk (sinking vs. missing the boat) to represent the likelihood of loss element of new venture risk, and March and Shapira's [Manage. Sci. 33 (1987) 1404] risk as hazard (boat size) to represent the magnitude of loss element of new venture risk, we investigated how two contextual factors, the suitability of entrepreneurs' skills and their sources of funds, and two individual differences factors, the entrepreneurs' risk propensities and their perceptions of risk, influence their new venture decision making. Metaphorically speaking, we found that most entrepreneurs would rather risk missing than sinking the boat, and that they preferred to pilot bigger craft than smaller ones. Perhaps surprisingly, our sample of highly successful entrepreneurs made relatively risk-averse choices, with 83% choosing either of the two ventures for which the chances for loss were lowest. We also found that the source of new venture funding—the entrepreneur's own money versus that of investors—influenced our subjects' choices between ventures whose chances for loss or gain differed. A similar effect was found for the entrepreneur's risk propensity. On the other hand, we found that the risk the entrepreneurs perceived in the choice set also influenced choices, but only where the magnitude of the new venture's potential gain or loss varied. When viewed in total, our study and results suggest a risk- and reward-based typology of new venture opportunities, one that may provide a conceptual foundation for future explorations of a variety of questions relevant for entrepreneurs and theorists alike.     

对我国基层民主建设的思考

基层人民民主是我国人民民主制度发展过程中相当重要的一环．做好我国的基层民主工作对于维护基层稳定有着至关重要的作用。目前我国的基层人民民主制度仍存在出一些不完善的地方。胡锦涛同志在中共十八大开幕式上的报告．也指出了我国必须推进基层人民民主进程。从我国基层民主相关法律出发,对我国的基层人民民主法律制度提出相应的改进建议。     

A founding-team model of creating a venture's culture

As many new ventures are started by founding teams, it is these founding teams that likely engage in creating their venture's culture. We draw on theories of cultural dynamics and the literature on team cognitive diversity to investigate the creation of a new venture's culture. Specifically, we theorize how a founding team's cognitive diversity impacts the team's production of cultural information and the transmission of that information throughout the venture. Cognitive diversity directly influences the founding team's production of cultural information by shaping the diversity of the information set and the speed of its production. Moreover, cognitive diversity can give rise to faultlines within the venture, impacting how venture members interpret cultural information. Importantly, our model suggests a complex interplay between the production and interpretation of cultural information. Understanding culture creation in new ventures is important because a new venture's culture shapes its legitimacy and thus its access to stakeholder resources for venture emergence.     

我国粮食安全的现状及其对策分析

我国是一个拥有十几亿人口但是人均资源占有率较少的发展中大国,粮食问题关系国计民生,始终是治国安邦的头等大事。新中国成立60年以来,我国的粮食工作取得了许多突破性的成就,但是通过历史经验教训以及世界频发的链式危机都提醒我们必须认识到我国粮食安全的问题需要持续的关注和维护。本文具体阐述了中国粮食安全的状况以及就这些问题提出了政策建议。     

浅议新《企业所得税法》实施的政策效应

新《企业所得税法》的正式实施标志着我国“双轨制”的企业所得税法已彻底结束。统一的新《企业所得税法》的实施将有利于优化资源配置,防止国家税收流失;促进产业结构调整和优化,提高利用外资的质量;进一步完善我国税收管理体制;增强企业竞争能力和推动资本市场的发展。