A top-down approach for approximate data anonymisation

Data sharing in today's information society poses a threat to individual privacy and organisational confidentiality. k-anonymity is a widely adopted model to prevent the owner of a record being re-identified. By generalising and/or suppressing certain portions of the released dataset, it guarantees that no records can be uniquely distinguished from at least other k?1 records. A key requirement for the k-anonymity problem is to minimise the information loss resulting from data modifications. This article proposes a top-down approach to solve this problem. It first considers each record as a vertex and the similarity between two records as the edge weight to construct a complete weighted graph. Then, an edge cutting algorithm is designed to divide the complete graph into multiple trees/components. The Large Components with size bigger than 2k?1 are subsequently split to guarantee that each resulting component has the vertex number between k and 2k?1. Finally, the generalisation operation is applied on the vertices in each component (i.e. equivalence class) to make sure all the records inside have identical quasi-identifier values. We prove that the proposed approach has polynomial running time and theoretical performance guarantee O(k). The empirical experiments show that our approach results in substantial improvements over the baseline heuristic algorithms, as well as the bottom-up approach with the same approximate bound O(k). Comparing to the baseline bottom-up O(logk)-approximation algorithm, when the required k is smaller than 50, the adopted top-down strategy makes our approach achieve similar performance in terms of information loss while spending much less computing time. It demonstrates that our approach would be a best choice for the k-anonymity problem when both the data utility and runtime need to be considered, especially when k is set to certain value smaller than 50 and the record set is big enough to make the runtime have to be taken into account.     

一个基于命名网络的自稳定的选举算法

选举问题是分布式计算中的一个基本问题。它一直受到广泛关注,先后发表了一大批研究论文。但是,现有的研究较少涉及选举算法的自稳定性,已经提出的自稳定选举算法的性能还不能令人满意。针对两个经典的自稳定选举算法———AG算法和DIM算法进行了分析。AG算法适用于命名网络,算法虽然简单,但算法需要假设网络的大小是已知的并且时间复杂度为O(n2),其中n表示网络结点数目。DIM算法虽不需要网络大小假设是已知的,但其时间复杂度仍然需要O(ΔDlogn),其中Δ和D分别表示结点最大的度和树的深度。利用DIM算法的思想,在AG算法的基础上,提出了一个基于命名网络的自稳定选举算法。该算法不需要知道网络的大小,而且时间复杂度为O(δ)(δ为网络直径)。     

论统计数据联网直报的应用与发展

利用联网直报采集统计数据,以科学合理的指标体系为基本需求框架,建立统计部门数据共享,有计划地对全市政府统计部门、政府各职能部门以及国民经济行业主管部门需要搜集的社会经济数据资源进行持续地收集、整合、存储和管理。     

Enhancing Market Valuation of ESG Performance: Is Integrated Reporting Keeping its Promise?

This paper studies the effectiveness of a firm's strategy to report on its ESG activities with regard to the extent and direction in which the firm's ESG performance is valued by capital market investors. It is the first to disentangle the moderating effects of different types of ESG reporting on market valuation of ESG performance and to analyze whether following the current integrated reporting trend is worth the effort. Results indicate that ESG performance is valued more strongly and in the (desired) positive direction when firms publish an ESG report, irrespective of its type (stand‐alone or integrated). Furthermore, integrated reporting is associated with superior outcomes compared with a stand‐alone report for composite ESG and corporate governance performance. Our findings are important for corporate managers, as they help to understand market valuation of ESG performance in dependence on the reporting type and provide guidance for formulating and evaluating the reporting strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

浅析含沙量的测量

随着对基础理论的深入研究,各种新型测沙仪器不断产生。多年来科技人员一直在积极探求含沙量的现代测量方法,现浅析含沙量的测量。     

DOES INVESTOR PROTECTION INCREASE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT? A META‐ANALYSIS

We undertake a meta‐analysis of the effects of international investment agreements for the protection of foreign investors on foreign direct investment using 2107 estimates drawn from 74 studies. Our meta‐analysis finds robust evidence that effect of international investment agreements is so small as to be considered zero.  However, our results do not rule out the possibility that the effect of these agreements is, in fact, positive and that current research methods are insufficiently powerful or precise to identify the underlying genuine effect. FDI from developed countries appears to be more responsive to the existence of investment protection, and there is evidence of publication–selection bias in favour of studies that find a positive effect for investor protection.     

论检验直接成本和间接成本的平衡及平衡点的经济意义

分析了工业企业外购物品检验成本的两个组成部分:检验过程直接投入的要素成本和检验结果失准诱发的问接成本,并分析论证了二者的习性、平衡条件以及平衡点的计算方法及应用。     

A note on multinomial maximum likelihood estimation under ordered restrictions and the EM algorithm

A frequently occurring problem is to find the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of p subject to p∈C (C⊂ P the probability vectors in R ^k ). The problem has been discussed by many authors and they mainly focused when p is restricted by linear constraints or log-linear constraints. In this paper, we construct the relationship between the the maximum likelihood estimation of p restricted by p∈C and EM algorithm and demonstrate that the maximum likelihood estimator can be computed through the EM algorithm (Dempster et al. in J R Stat Soc Ser B 39:1–38, 1997). Several examples are analyzed by the proposed method.     

网络隐私权及法律保护

网络时代的发展使隐私权和网络隐私权受到前所未有的严峻挑战,严重侵害了网络隐私权的发展,强化对网络隐私权的法律保护,已成为社会网络的当务之急。文章论述了隐私权及网络隐私权的含义,分析了侵害隐私权的主要表现形式,提出了网络隐私权保护的几点意见。     

转账支票两种结算方式浅析

本文分别介绍了转账支票正送与倒送两种结算方式的特点,买卖双方使用支票收付款业务的办理流程及账务处理,并分析了两种结算方式的选择因素及应注意的问题。     

浅析人肉搜索与个人隐私权保护

近年来,在互联网领域出现的"人肉搜索"现象,已经受到人们越来越多的关注。"人肉搜索"作为一种信息搜索工具,结合了现代网络技术与传统检索的优点。它从虚拟社区向现实世界的这次跳跃,得到的并不仅仅是掌声,还有质疑甚至恐俱。一方面,它具有一定的社会舆论监督意义;另一方面,它往往会涉及侵害个人的隐私权以及侵犯公民的其他正当权益。因此,在保护公民合法权益的同时,发挥"人肉搜索"的正面作用,并对其加以理性约束,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

网络舆论压力、投资者保护和公司治理——基于股市异常停牌的经验证据

本文以我国上市公司为研究样本,基于2015年我国股市非正常波动的特定事件,研究了网络股吧论坛的网络舆论压力对公司治理的影响。实证结果表明,网路舆论压力对我国上市公司的公司治理产生了显著的正向影响,中小投资者通过股吧网络平台发表的自身权益诉求得到了上市公司的积极回应。实证回归结果表明,中小投资者的权益保护诉求通过网络舆论压力的传导在国有控股的上市公司得到了积极显著的回应,而在非国有控股的上市公司网络舆论起到的公司治理作用并不显著;网络舆论对我国东中西部的上市公司产生的公司治理作用不存在显著差异。     

新冠病毒肺炎疫情对中国经济发展的损害及应对措施

新冠病毒肺炎疫情的爆发给面临复杂内外部环境挑战的中国经济带来极大外部冲击。疫情的高度传染性和不确定性对宏观经济领域总需求和总供给层面均造成不同程度的直接损失,同时也通过对产业链运行的影响、对就业的影响及中小微企业生存根基的挑战,给经济长期发展带来间接负面影响。面对疫情对经济的冲击,应以财政政策工具和货币政策工具为主帮助企业开展生产,以促进疫情带动的新产业和新发展模式助力经济恢复,以扶持中小企业应对危机并实现发展变革、增强经济活力,并以地方政府治理的系统性改革为提振市场信心提供保障。     

我国中小企业融资困难多视角解决思路研究

拘泥于单个方面和视角不可能解决好中小企业融资问题。文章从宏观层面和微观层面两个层面和从内源融资、直接融资、间接融资三个角度提出了全面解决思路。