Predictive performance of self-explicated,traditional conjoint,and hybrid conjoint models under alternative data collection modes

Although data collection in conjoint analysis has traditionally involved the use of in-person interviews, recent years have seen a trend toward the use of alternative data collection modes, including mail questionnaires and telephone interviews. Since these alternative modes differ in environment, the author examines the predictive performance of conjoint models under three data collection modes, i.e., in-person interviews, mail questionnaire, and telephone interviews. The results indicate the conjoint models examined to be comparable in predictive, performance across the three data collection modes.     

反垃圾邮件技术综述

垃圾邮件作为正常邮件的附属产物，具有很强的繁殖力，产生着巨大的社会危害。有效遏制垃圾邮件的传播、保障电子邮件服务的正常运营秩序、维护网络安全，对节约社会成本，提高互联网的效率有非常重要的意义。阐述了垃圾邮件的社会危害，分析了垃圾邮件的传播特点，介绍了防治垃圾邮件的技术方法，重点介绍了过滤技术，提出了反垃圾邮件的策略。     

A multifactor experiment on the generalizability of direct mail advertising response techniques to mail survey design

This field experiment support for the idea that response-enhancing techniques developed in the direct mail advertising field may be generalized to mail surveys of commercial populations. Significant response-speed techniques. It was also discovered that none of the three techniques tested significantly affected response-quality. The results of this study suggest that response-rate and-speed are stimulated by different factors which must be treated as distinct components when designing a mail survey. Finally, the findings imply that the experimental factors' effect on response-speed is an additive combination of factor interactions and main effects. This, in turn, suggests that the impact of the experimental manipulation on response-speed operates through a more complex process than the one generally found for the response-rate criterion. Acknowledgement The authors wish to express their appreciation to the funders of the study: The University of North Carolina Research Council and the Center for Applied Research at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.     

Evaluating the effects of anonymous respondents on mail survey results

Anonymity is frequently offered to recipients of mail questionnaires in order to secure their cooperation and thus increase the response rate obtained. Individuals desiring to remain anonymous may, however, choose to respond differently to the instrument than known respondents because their identities are secret. Thus, a potential source of bias is introduced whenever anonymity is made available. This article examines the responses of identified and anonymous respondents to a mail questionnaire in order to determine the extent to which such bias occurred.     

Influence of catalog vs. store shopping and prior satisfaction on perceived risk

This paper presents the results of a study which examines the overall amount and types of risk consumers perceive when purchasing the same products by direct mail as compared to retail stores. The effect of prior catalog shopping experience on perceived risk is also examined. The results indicate that despite the gains achieved by the direct mail industry, consumers continue to perceive this shopping mode as being significantly more risky. Differences were also found with respect to the individual types of risk perceived. A significant relationship between perceived risk and the satisfaction/dissatisfaction derived from prior catalog purchase experience was also identified.     

我国会计国际化协调浅议

本文以我国实施新会计准则为背景,探讨了会计国际化直辖市的几个主要原因,针对我国应对国际会计协调时面临的问题,提出了国际会计准则一体化趋势下相应的政策建议.     

Causal attributions of product failure: An exploratory investigation

The primary purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate whether consumers make different product failure attributions for different products. The study was conducted within the general framework of of attribution theory. Using four common household products, three classes of potential causes of product failure were examined for a sample of 211 adult consumers within the context of a mail survey.     

Personal and nonpersonal incentives in mail surveys: Immediate versus delayed inducements

A mail survey was conducted to empirically investigate contributions to charity as a method of stimulating responses to a mail survey. The research design included a control group and four experimental groups with the following treatments: a prepayment of $1.00 enclosed with the questionnaire (immediate personal reward), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with the respondent identified (delayed personal reward, no anonymity), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with no identification of the respondent (delayed personal reward, anonymity), and the promise of $1.00 contribution to a respondent-selected charity (delayed non-personal reward). The $1.00 prepayment yielded a statistically significant higher response rate than the $1.00 promised to charity or $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire. This study generally supports existing empirical foudnations of equity theory. An immediate personal reward yields a higher response rate than a delayed personal or non-personal reward.     

A note on the predictive validity of the CETSCALE

Consumers’ perceptions of the morality of buying foreign products, or consumer ethnocentric tendencies, are becoming an increasingly important issue for marketers in the global environment. The predictive validity of Shimp and Sharma’s (1987) CETSCALE was tested in a nationwide mail survey. The scale is shown to be a much stronger predictor of import buying behavior than are demographic variables. The ability of the scale to predict purchase behavior does not, however, appear to be consistent across the two products tested.     

Comparing market areas using kernel density estimation

From a managers’ point of view it is useful to know whether or not a market area has changed over time, and whether two market areas are different. In this paper we propose, using the kernel density estimation method, to estimate the density of a market area and show how the estimated market area densities may be compared for differences using Bayesian cross-validated likelihood methods. The proposed methodology is highlighted using two applications. One application involves comparison of lunch and dinner markets of a restaurant and the other application involves identifying the optimal area for a direct mail program.     

Image and cost factors in the choice of mental health-care organizations: A causal model

The importance of image as a determinant of choice has been demonstrated for banks, supermarkets, hospitals and other service organizations, but not in the instance of mental health-care providers. Based on a mail survey of residents of a medium-sized metropolitan area, this study explores the components of image for mental health-care institutions. A causal model is hypothesized and validated, specifying the relationships between preferences towards mental health-care institutions, with image and cost factors as potential determinants. The findings suggest that cost does not play a significant role in the choice of mental health providers, whereas image has a significant impact.     

The effects of a monetary incentive and the ethnicity of the sponsor's signature on the rate and quality of response to A mail survey

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a monetary incentive and the ethnicity of the sponsor's signature on the rate and quality of response to a mail survey. Six hundred subjects were randomly assigned to four groups. One group received a mail survey from “Leroy Jefferson,” apparently a Black individual, with a 25% monetary incentive included. Group two also received a questionnaire from “Leroy Jefferson,” but without the monetary incentive. Groups three (25 ϕ included) and four (no monetary incentive) were sent questionnaires from “John Richardson,” an ethnically unidentifiable sponsor. The questionnaire was a 16-item attitudes towards Black scale. The results of the study demonstrated the value of a monetary incentive in increasing the rate of response. The name of the sponsor, however, did not affect either the rate of response or the quality of response (i. e. the scores on the attitude scale). The authors wish to thank Manhattan College, School of Business, for the grant which made this study possible.     

Stamps versus postal permits: A decisional guide for return postage in mail questionnaires

Considerable evidence indicates that stamped return envelopes prompt higher rates of response than business reply permits. The authors use a measure of margin efficiency gains between return postage types to develop optimum cost guidelines to aid mail survey researchers in their choices between return mailer types.     

Perceived conduct and professional ethics among marketing faculty

This paper describes the results of a mail survey to the educator membership of the American Marketing Association. Data were collected regarding beliefs about both the frequency of occurrence and severity of 59 ethical issues facing marketing faculty. The research questions examined include: What unethical practices are believed to most commonly occur? What practices are most severe? How do these beliefs vary by faculty rank and size and type of school? Implications for both the improvement of marketing education and for future research are provided.     

跨境B2C电子商务税收征管的难题与破解——基于微观、中观和宏观税收公平的思考

跨境B2C电子商务的快速发展及其虚拟性和无国界性对税收征管带来了挑战,当前我国的跨境B2C电子商务税收征管日益规范化,但仍面临课税要素界定难的实体性困境和征管流程实施难的程序性困境。在跨境B2C电子商务交易模式下,税收公平原则除了要求个体意义上纳税人间的公平和整体意义上国家与纳税人间的公平外,也强调国家间的公平。跨境B2C电子商务的税收征管,应着力彰显税收公平原则以平衡各方利益,完善和细化税收征管体系以助推征管规范化,并创新国际税收合作方式和内容、加强税收情报交流以实现国际税收协作与共赢。     

我国营业税征管效率测度分析

高效的税收征管是良好税制的重要方面,测度分析税收征管效率是税制优化设计的基础性工作。基于非参数和参数方法,对近年我国营业税征管效率进行测算,发现虽然不同方法测算结果不同,但其整体趋势是一致的,营业税平均征管效率呈逐步上升态势,且当前营业税征管效率整体仍较低,有很大的提升空间。进一步的实证分析表明,营业税占地税机关征税总收入比重的提高、税收分权度的提升、就业率的增长等有助于营业税征管效率的改善,转移支付比重的提高无益于营业税征管效率的改善,营业税征管存在"粘蝇纸"效应现象。     

The impact of selected environmental forces upon consumers' willingness to buy foreign products

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of foreign economic, political, and cultural environments on American consumers' willingness to buy foreign products. Results of a self-administered mail questionnaire revealed that respondents were most willing to buy products from economically developed free countries with a European, Australian, or New Zealand culture.     

企业集团逆向回收渠道选择策略研究

随着环保意识和可持续发展意识的增强,废旧产品的回收再利用越来越受到人们的广泛关注。一个具有旧产品回收再造功能的企业集团存在两种逆向回收渠道结构：一是上游回收模式,即上游子公司直接从消费者手中回收旧产品;二是下游回收模式,即下游子公司直接从消费者手中回收旧产品。研究结果表明,上游回收模式优于下游回收模式,而且,在上游回收模式下,集团的利润、旧产品回收率均随着下游产品替代程度的增强而增大。上游回收模式也优于不具有旧产品回收再造功能的渠道结构。     

计划生育社会抚养费征收管理探析——以郴州市苏仙区为例

我国社会抚养费征收管理工作在制度建设、解缴入库、统筹管理、征管秩序、监督检查等方面均已取得长足进步，但仍存在征收到位率普遍偏低、管理混乱等问题。导致这些问题出现的原因是多方面的，应通过修订完善现行法规、深入宣传、改变征收管理方式、加强部门协调、强化资金管理、加大考核力度等途径不断完善社会抚养费的征收管理工作。