货币政策地区效应——基于地区总供给曲线的理论与实证分析

本文着重检验了我国区域经济中的基于产出缺口的地区短期总供给曲线的存在性,进而分析地区短期总供给曲线对货币政策地区效应的影响。文章首先对地区短期总供给曲线存在的可能性进行了理论解释,应用卡尔曼滤波方法估算了我国各地区的产出缺口,然后运用ARMA模型说明预期通货膨胀率形成机制,最后以通货膨胀率与其预期之差、外部需求冲击等作为解释变量对产出缺口进行回归,结果发现,我国东部地区的短期总供给曲线较中西部地区的短期总供给曲线更平坦,因而东部地区货币政策效应要强于中西部地区。     

阐释“中国之谜”——一个基于扩展的总需求总供给模型

本文在附加预期的菲利普斯曲线基础上，通过引入可变的技术进步变量，修正了新古典的总供给曲线，指出除预期的通货膨胀率、产出缺口外，技术进步也是影响总供给曲线的重要变量；同时将总需求曲线扩展到开放经济条件下，从而推导出了“通货膨胀率-产出增长率”系统下的总需求总供给模型。作为对扩展后模型的检验，本文利用该模型阐释了我国宏观经济运行中的“高增长与低通胀并存”现象。     

阐释"中国之谜"——一个基于扩展的总需求总供给模型

本文在附加预期的菲利普斯曲线基础上,通过引入可变的技术进步变量,修正了新古典的总供给曲线,指出除预期的通货膨胀率、产出缺口外,技术进步也是影响总供给曲线的重要变量;同时将总需求曲线扩展到开放经济条件下,从而推导出了"通货膨胀率-产出增长率"系统下的总需求总供给模型.作为对扩展后模型的检验,本文利用该模型阐释了我国宏观经济运行中的"高增长与低通胀并存"现象.     

中国总供给曲线性质的实证分析

本文采用实证方法从总供给方面来研究我国经济的增长趋势和经济波动，通过研究表明：我国经济增长的长期趋势的变化与经济体制改革的进程具有一致性；经济的短期波动则主要由未预期到的通货膨胀引起，但是预期到的通货膨胀也有一定的影响，即中国的短期总供给曲线与新凯恩斯主义总供给曲线在结构上一致，并无其他变形。     

基于投入产出结构的中国经济总供给—总需求模型研究

鉴于一般的宏观经济预测模型中缺乏对历史数据反映供需失衡状态的分析,本文构建了一个基于投入产出(IO)分析原理的总供给—总需求(AS-AD)分析框架,以中国1987～2007年投入产出表为基础进行实证分析。结果表明:我国货币政策和财政政策对经济均衡产出水平的影响较小;减税能够改善就业和对外贸易状况,且对劳动者收入改善效果显著;劳动生产率提高是经济增长的有效途径,但需要改善就业和劳动者收入政策措施的配合。     

单目标制还是双目标制--基于总供给曲线特征的实证分析

在货币政策是应该坚持单目标还是双重目标的争论中，正斜率的总供给曲线的存在经常被作为双重目标论的依据。本文认为，这只是双重目标论的一个必要条件，该曲线的不稳定性及其测度上的不确定性才是决定货币政策要盯住通货膨胀和经济增长双重目标的充分条件。实证分析表明，我国的总供给曲线具有这两个特征，这就决定了我国货币政策必须盯住双重目标，而不能只盯住通货膨胀目标。     

中国的总供给-总需求模型:财政和货币政策分析框架

本文构建了一个具有中国特色的总供给-总需求模型,并利用季度数据对此进行了估计和检验。研究表明,这种具有凯恩斯特点的宏观经济模型能在一定程度上解释中国经济的波动。与此同时,我们对模型的动态稳定性进行了一定程度的数理分析,从而揭示了两大宏观经济政策——财政政策和货币政策对稳定经济的作用。     

我国的总供给函数和总需求函数

本文所说的总供给函数表达的是物价总水平与总供给之间的数量关系,总需求函数则表达了物价总水平与总需求之间的数量关系。笔者对多年的理论分析成果作了计量检验,得出了我国的总供给函数和总需求函数。 自80年代以来,澳籍华人经济学家黄有光提出了“综观经济学”(Mesoeco-     

总供给-总需求模型的解释

根据对我国的宏观总需求和总供给行为的理论分析,可以得出我国的总需求函数和总供给函数。利用统计数据对这些函数进行检验,可以回归出说明我国总需求和总供给的行为的经验方程。这里依据这些回归方程来解释最近几年我国的经济增长率和物价总水平变动率。 我们回归出的经验方程有4个,其中有两个是说明总需求如何决定“总需求函数”的:     

总需求、总供给与经济波动

经济的运行,取决于供需的消长变化;说到底,经济理论实质上就是供需理论。所以,“总需求—总供给”系统是宏观经济理论的核心骨架,是赖以展开宏观经济研究的基轴和主线。怎样认识与描述总需求和总供给的形成与变动机理,成为宏观经济学理论各学派的分水岭。本文是作者的《就业与物价通论》[1,2]的续论。文中研究对象仍旧是西方国家的“混合经济”体制。我在《就业与物价通论》中主要讨论经济稳定问题,本文将对描述     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。