对嫖宿幼女罪的否定性评价

嫖宿幼女罪是我国97刑法妨害社会管理秩序罪中的一个罪名，关于此罪的设定有很多疑问，从是否符合罪责刑相适应原则，是否符合刑法面前人人平等原则，保护的法益是否明确，行为人主观状态和犯罪客观要件的构成标准诸方面来分析，笔者认为此罪不应单独成罪，而应与强奸罪中的奸淫幼女行为归于一罪进行处罚。     

斡旋受贿犯罪若干争议问题探析

对于我国《刑法》第388条斡旋受贿罪中“利用本人职权或者地位形成的便利条件”和“不正当利益”的规定，目前学界和司法实务部门均存在着不同理解。本文认为，“利用本人职权或者地位形成的便利条件”不仅仅指利用本人和其他国家工作人员之间的制约关系，也包括利用上下级工作单位及工作人员之间、亲友之间的非制约性影响关系等。“不正当利益”包括非法利益、以不正当手段获得的合法但处于不确定状态的利益等。国家工作人员利用本人职权或地位形成的便利条件，通过其他国家工作人员职务上的行为，为请托人谋取不正当利益的，不应作为斡旋受贿犯罪的构成要件，而应作为该罪的从重处罚情节。     

侵占罪之侵犯对象刍议

侵占罪是我国现行刑法新增加的罪名．从刑法条规定来看．本罪之侵犯对象应为代为保管的他人财物、他人的遗忘物及他人的埋藏物三类。但在司法理论及实践中．有关这三类财物的具体范畴还是众说不一，有待深入研讨和分析的。本作从理论及实践角度对这三类财物应注意把握和界定的有关问题作了较为具体的论述，这对于正确理解和把握侵占罪是十分有益的。     

企业商业秘密保护体系的建立

作为一种新型的智慧财产权，商业秘密至今还没有一个被普遍接受的定义。我国对于商业秘密的本质特征是在《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》中予以明确的。该法第10条规定：“商业秘密，是指不为公众所知悉，能为权利人带来经济利益，具有实用性并经权利人采取保密措施的技术信息和经营信息。”《中华人民共和国刑法》第219条对“侵犯商业秘密罪”的规定也采用了同样的概念。这一概念揭示了作为商业秘密应同时具备的三个要件：非公知性、价值性、保密性。     

《刑法》第十三条但书规定的适用现状与原理之探

司法解释将基于刑事政策的需要、阻却构成要件该当性、阻却违法性与阻却有责性等情形都作为但书规定的具体化内容予以规定;审判实践在此之外,更是将但书条款作为疏导个案法感情或者实现量刑需要而操作的手段。《刑法》第十三条但书规定的适用已经泛滥值得警惕,需要探索但书规定的统一的使用标准与原理。在四要件犯罪论体系下试图规范但书规定的适用,由于无法妥处但书规定与犯罪构成的关系,使得教义学原理的探寻在宏观结构上难以成立。在阶层式犯罪论体系下,根据但书规定的法文表述、可罚的违法性理论的不足、超法规违法阻却事由的合理及其与但书规定的互补性,可以将但书规定视作提示违法阻却事由存在的注意性规定,以保证但书规定在今后的司法实践中得以规范。     

内幕交易行为及其刑法规制

本文首先对规制内幕交易行为的理论纷争进行了审视，考察了反对规制内幕交易行为的学者与赞成规制内幕交易行为的学者在理论上的交锋，从中得出规制内幕交易行为的理论基础，进而探讨了内幕交易行为的刑法规制问题，分析了内幕交易犯罪的犯罪构成及其惩治与预防。     

交通事故型犯罪中被害人危险接受的法理探析

被害人明知被告人实施危险行为,仍然同意参与其中,并造成自己法益损害时,构成被害人危险接受。在现代社会,被害人危险接受最常见于交通事故型犯罪,它旨在探究被害人对被告人刑事责任归责的影响。被害人风险接受和被害人承诺在同意对象和主观结构上并不一致,将两者混同将导致刑法丧失社会风险应对能力。对被害人危险接受的考察,必须结合过失犯罪构成要件的特征,进行规范化认定。在自控型危险接受中,被害人支配了危害结果的发生,可以阻却被告人犯罪的成立;在他控型危险接受中,是由被告人实施违背注意义务、控制风险流程的行为,该当于犯罪构成要件,故需承担刑事责任。但在被害人有唆使、怂恿行为时,成立被害人过错,应对被告人从宽量刑。     

论非法利用信息网络罪的预备行为实行化

利用信息网络实施违法犯罪的恶劣影响日趋凸显,对此《刑法修正案(九)》新增"非法利用信息网络罪"对特定的预备行为进行前置化规制。但一些刑法学者对该规定的理论基础产生质疑,认为这一预备行为实行化的法律拟制性规定造成了刑法总则与分则的矛盾,违背了犯罪构成理论,突破了刑事违法的相对性。然而"法律不是嘲笑的对象",文章以二元思维从刑法惩罚与预防两大功能出发,围绕侵害性、可罚性和主观恶性三方面阐述,合理解释非法利用信息网络罪预备行为实行化的理论基础,为非法利用信息网络罪的预备行为实行化正名。     

被害人承诺刍议

被害人承诺作为正当化行为理论中的问题之一，在各国刑法中都得到普遍认同。但是，我国刑法理论界在这方面的研究尚不充分。本文试从宏观角度对被害人承诺问题加以阐述，从而探求该问题的发展演变。     

论用帐外客户资金非法拆借、发放贷款罪

由于我国没有建立起有效的金融运行监督机制 ,金融机构及其工作人员用帐外客户资金非法拆借、发放贷款行为越来越多 ,本文对该种行为的犯罪构成以及此罪与若干犯罪的区别作了分析 ,以便稳、准、狠地加大对该种犯罪的刑事打击力度。     

探求刑事证据规则的和谐

刑事证据规则从其适用的范围看，可分为原则性刑事证据规则与例外性刑事证据规则。原则性刑事证据规则重在保障人权，例外性刑事证据规则重在打击犯罪。刑事证据规则是否和谐，主要体现在能否恰当地处理原则性规则与例外性规则的关系上。和谐的刑事证据规则不仅有利于证据准确适用，而且有利于诉讼和谐和社会和谐。     

Using geographical information systems to organize police patrol routes effectively by grouping hotspots of crash and crime data

Applying Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS) can help police departments allocate limited resources more efficiently. By focusing on hazardous areas, highly visible traffic law enforcement simultaneously can reduce both crime and crashes. Most studies have focused on the reduction of crime and crashes after applying new patrol routes, but few have documented how to improve or change police dispatch time. The objective of this study was to compare the police dispatch time between two conditions: (1) police patrol routes with organized hotspots, and (2) police patrol route patterns without focusing on hotspots. A secondary objective consisted of developing a procedure to describe the calculation of the change in dispatch time.This study used data obtained from the College Station Police Department. Crime and crash data were collected between January 2005 and September 2010, which included 65,461 offense reports and 14,712 crash reports. The study procedure includes four steps: (1) geocoding the data, (2) defining the hotspots, (3) organizing the best patrol routes, and (4) estimating the effectiveness. ArcGIS was used for the data analysis. The results indicate that using DDACTS principles can potentially reduce police dispatch time by 13% and 17% when the top five and top ten hotspot routes respectively are included in the analysis. The procedure can be used by law enforcement agencies to estimate whether or not the DDACTS protocols can be an effective tool for reducing law enforcement dispatch times when crash and crime data are analyzed simultaneously.     

农村犯罪黑数问题的法律思考

农村社会中存在的犯罪黑数是建设社会主义和谐社会的阻碍因素之一。农村犯罪黑数较高的原因有多种。要降低农村社会的犯罪黑数，必须加强社会主义法治教育，遏制、打击宗族势力在农村的发展，充实农村的警力配置以及消除受害人自身对刑事案件隐匿不报的错误认识。     

论口供的证明力

口供是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的供述和辩解，包括犯罪嫌疑人、被告人承认有罪的供述，关于自己无罪、罪轻的辩解和揭发同案被告人的攀供。口供具有一定程度上的客观性，这也是口供得以发挥证明作用的基础。由于口供的来源——犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼活动中处于绝对的劣势，因此必须对口供的证明力加以限制。     

我国计算机犯罪现状分析与技术防范

计算机犯罪作为一种高智能型犯罪，随着社会和技术的进步不断呈现出新态势。本文对当前我国计算机犯罪的现状特别是计算机犯罪类型进行了深入分析，并就计算机犯罪类型中几类高发案件进行了技术防范措施的探讨。     

侦查信息化存在的问题及对策

随着社会的发展，信息技术给整个社会带来巨大变革，同时，犯罪行为也日趋隐蔽化、智能化、职业化，这给公安刑侦工作带来了重大挑战。面对严峻的犯罪新形势，如何将信息处理技术、网络工程技术和计算机技术等高科技领域的成果注入刑事侦查工作中，向高科技要警力，向高科技要效益，如何更好地推进侦查信息化进程，成为侦查机关和侦查人员面临的一大现实问题。     

Emotions in motion: tourist experiences in time and space

Issues of crime in a destination area affect real and perceived visitor safety; away from rare but high profile incidents such as terrorist attacks, visitor security is more likely to be affected by a lesser criminal activity. This paper contributes to our existing understanding of how tourism can be affected by criminal activity by selecting a definable geographical area and investigating the dimensions, scale and nature of visitor-related crime and the perceptions, attitudes and behaviours of visitors in relation to safety issues. The results indicate that, although visitors believed the destination to be a safe one, the statistics indicated that they were more susceptible to crimes of dishonesty, in particular vehicle-related theft, and the times and places they were at risk evidenced different patterns to residents. With visitors accounting for less than 10% of the total population, these differences are not immediately apparent. Visitors are not homogenous and distinct groupings based on perceptions, attitudes and behaviours were found. TheREFore, there is a requirement to examine how crime is impacting on visitors by distinguishing them from the overall crime figures, but measures to protect visitors also have to be tailored to take cognisance of typologies of visitors.     

Are individual preferences always a legitimate basis for evaluating the costs and benefits of public policy?: The case of road traffic law enforcement

This paper discusses if it is appropriate to include the benefits that offenders get by violating the law in cost-benefit analyses of police enforcement, in the form of a loss of benefits from violations. The discussion is cast in the context of traffic law violations, a very common type of crime, which is usually not very strongly condemned from a moral point of view. Three options for cost-benefit analysis of traffic police enforcement are compared. The three options differ with respect to the treatment of (a) violator benefits from violations, and (b) outlays for traffic tickets given to violators. The implications of the choice of option are shown by means of four case illustrations, all referring to different types of traffic police enforcement in Norway. It is shown that every type of enforcement becomes less cost-effective when violator benefits are included in cost-benefit analyses. The legitimacy of including violator benefits as a benefit to society is discussed. It is concluded that, as far as traffic violations are concerned, benefits obtained by committing violations of the law cannot be treated as a legitimate societal benefit.     

Crime and tourism: organizational opportunities and social marketing in LA Gang Tours

Existing investigation on tourism and crime has indicated a negative relation between these two concepts where crime appears as an influential factor in limiting tourist flows. Albeit tourists have repeatedly reported the importance of safety in their travels, this paper presents a paradoxically positive relation between tourism and present crime, where gang culture is the main attraction of the visit. This case study is focused on ‘LA Gang Tours’, a non-profit organization and its use of social marketing in the re-interpretation of an organization threat to an opportunity in Los Angeles, the ‘gang capital of the world’. For this purpose, I have applied conceptual content analysis of online data referring to this touristic attraction.