劳动力转移的基本原则和对策

农业剩余劳动转移的基本原则应当考虑是否有利于统筹城乡发展和统筹经济社会发展,是否有利于工业化发展和全面现代化与城市化的实现。拓宽工业化发展的渠道,建立城乡二元工业化结构体系,规范农业剩余劳动力跨区域转移,构建劳动力转移的长效机制,充分发挥农村农业化对劳动力转移的促进作用,全面推进农业产业化,坚持农业产业化、农村工业化、农村城镇化三化联动,无疑都是解决农业剩余劳动力转移的最佳途径。     

苏南农村工业化地区农业持续发展途径

本文分析了苏南农村工业化地区农业和农村经济发展现状、特点和存在的问题，论述了农村工业化地区农业持续发展的途径。     

农业剩余劳动力转移的原则与对策

农业剩余劳动力转移不足、农民增收困难、城乡差别愈来愈大,这已成为目前我国的主要社会问题之一。工业化程度不高,城市化水平较低,充分彰显出我国的城乡二元结构和农业剩余劳动力转移困难的突出矛盾。拓宽工业化发展道路,建立城乡二元工业化结构体系,全面推进农业产业化,以农村城镇化为核心,坚持农业产业化、农村工业化、农村城镇化三者相互联结,相互协调发展,“三化联动”是实现农业剩余劳动力转移和解决一切问题的根本途径。     

贵州省工业化、城镇化、农业现代化与农村劳动力转移研究

为了弄清贵州省工业化、城镇化和农业现代化对贵州省农村劳动力转移的影响程度,运用一元线性回归的方法,分别对贵州省工业化水平、城镇化水平和农业现代化水平与农村劳动力转移的相关性进行分析,发现贵州省工业化水平的提高对贵州省农村劳动力转移的吸纳作用不是很大,但是贵州省城镇化和农业现代化的发展却对贵州省农村劳动力的转移具有明显的拉动作用。     

从一个村看农村改革30年——福建后坂农村工业化观察实录

本文以一个典型的农村——福建省漳州市后坂村为观察对象,以改革开放以来村庄变迁和工业化发展为观察视角,以农业和农村经济结构调整及市场结构变迁过程为分析路径,利用国家对该村25年的农村固定观察数据,分阶段地系统介绍了一个传统落后的农业村落发展变化成为一个发达的工业化社区的历程,真实地展现了改革开放给农业、农村、农民带来的巨大变化,具体地分析了市场经济对农业发展、农村变迁、农民增收的巨大贡献,深刻地揭示了农村工业化、城镇化的基本路径及其给农业、农村、农民带来的种种冲击。本文还对工业化迅速发展、城镇化迅速扩张过程中的农民财产权益维护、现有生产力发展、历史文化遗产保护及尊重宗教信仰等问题提出了种种担忧。     

关于农村经济发展“两个争议性问题”的探讨

本文根据农村现实情况,在对农村工业化与农村产业化、农业产业化与城镇化内涵进行了明确界定的基础上,对农村工业化与农村产业化、城镇化两个争议性问题进行了初步探讨.     

英国工业化过程中农村劳动力产业间转移的次序及对我国的启示

农业劳动力向第二、第三产业转移是社会经济发展的必然结果,是实现农业社会向工业社会过渡的必要条件。文章以世界上最早实现工业化的英国为研究对象,从工业化过程中的不同阶段(工业化初期、工业化中期、工业化后期)考察英国农村劳动力在产业间转移的次序。这为处于不同工业化进程地区的中国农村劳动力在三次产业间的转移提供许多有益的启示和借鉴。     

城乡一体化进程中的产业转移研究

改革开放初期,珠江三角洲首先发展商品农业,走产业化经营道路,从而提高农业劳动生产率,为农村剩余劳动力转移创造条件。随后进入农村工业化阶段,重点是以农业工业化带动农村城市化。乡镇企业的空间分布模式的发展,使许多城市、小城镇和村庄的界限变的模糊,呈现一种城市和乡村景观相融合,农业与非农业景观混杂的城乡一体化地带。     

劳动力转移:当前农村发展最具挑战性的问题

我国农村已发展到劳动力转移对其发展具有决定意义的新阶段。劳动力转移必须立足农村和农业,重点抓好农业结构调整、农业产业化、农村工业化、农村城市化和劳务输出。通过观念更新、信息服务、智力支持和政策引导来改善农村劳动力转移的条件。     

农村工业化初期农户投资行为结构及其特征分析

农村工业化一直是广大学者探讨的热点问题,他们的观点主要集中在农村工业化的可行性分析和农村工业化道路的选择两个方面,很少将农村工业化和农户投资行为联系起来分析。而目前农村工业化已经成为中国扩大的一条根本途径,但在农村工业化进程中,农户面临工业化不同阶段的经济环境改变,其投资行为必然存在着巨大的差别。所以,分析农村工业化之初的农户投资行为及其特征对于下一步分析农户投资方向、探讨解决“三农”问题以及实现农业增效、农民增收、农村发展和发展现代农业,如何积极引导农户的投资行为具有一定的借鉴意义。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.