市场结构优化及黑龙江省零售业提高竞争力探析

市场结构是决定市场行为和市场绩效的基础,而市场行为又是决定市场绩效的前提条件,市场绩效受市场结构和市场行为的共同制约。黑龙江省零售业存在着市场集中度低、产品差异性小、业态分布不合理等诸多市场结构问题,严重影响了零售企业的竞争力,制约了零售业的健康持续发展。应采取培育大型零售企业集团、调整网点结构、找准市场定位、实行差别化经营等措施,推进和引导市场结构优化,大力增强零售业市场竞争力。     

双循环新发展格局下农产品市场整合关系异质性研究：新结构经济学视角

在双循环新发展格局的背景下，文章以新结构经济学理论为指导，选取中国苹果优势主产区现货市场和期货市场数据，运用可解决内生性问题的自回归分布滞后模型和误差修正模型，从空间结构和时间结构两个维度检验中国苹果市场整合关系，并从生产要素结构视角揭示市场整合异质性的产生原因。研究表明：(1)从主产区内部结构看，环渤海湾产区山东、辽宁和河北市场之间存在长期分割现象，黄土高原产区陕西、甘肃和山西市场之间也存在长期分割现象；(2)从主产区外部结构看，山东和陕西市场之间处于长期整合状态；(3)从时间结构看，期货市场与山东、陕西现货市场存在长期整合关系，期货市场与其他省份的现货市场不存在长期整合关系。     

The efficiency of small manufacturing firms in Japan

It has been suggested that market structure will have an impact on within-industry differentials in efficiency, or cost disadvantages of small firms. To test this hypothesis, this paper examines the effects of market structure on the productivity (relative to industry productivity) of small manufacturing firms in Japan. The results show that market structure elements such as concentration and capital requirements work to the disadvantage of small-firm efficiency. The findings provide support for the hypothesis.     

转型期我国产业组织政策的选择

本文首先对国内外产业组织理论的研究进展与实际状况作了总的概括,然后从产业组织角度分析了我国市场结构分散化和市场绩效差的主要原因,最后在比较分析的基础上,提出了我国产业组织政策取向的几点建议.     

Product market competition and dynamic adjustment in capital structure

Based on the balanced panel data of Chinese listed firms from 1999 to 2004, this paper studies the relationship between product market competition and dynamic adjustment in capital structure. Results show that, from both static and dynamic perspectives, product market competition and its changes have significant influence on the degree of deviation of a firm’ s present capital structure from its targeted one. Specifically, the more intensive the product market competition, the smaller the capital structure deviation. Meanwhile, capital structure deviation tends to decrease in a market characterized by increasingly fierce competition. However, evidence also reveals that product market competition and the speed of the capital structure adjustment are independent from one another.     

我国低集中度市场结构的形成原因及对策

受我国传统计划经济体制影响,在完善的社会主义市场经济体制尚未建立情况下,我国产业组织与市场结构呈现出集中度偏低、市场结构分散的状况。通过低集中度市场结构的表现,造成的效率损失和形成原因分析,旨在为优化市场结构,消除体制障碍,促进大规模企业形成,并实行宽松的反垄断规制政策提供参考。     

中国移动通信市场的规制与竞争

基于中国移动通信产业的发展,本文分析了移动通信产业的市场结构与竞争行为,研究发现它们与政府规制形式紧密相关。中国移动通信业的市场结构与竞争部分地是政府规制的结果,也是规避规制的创新结果,而影响移动通信市场结构与竞争的因素包括技术进步、市场变化和规制等。     

中国流通产业组织结构优化目标模式与实现机制

本文认为,目前我国流通产业市场集中度低、过度竞争和企业效率低下等问题突出,推动流通产业组织优化,必须优化我国流通产业组织结构,建立“政府——市场中介组织——流通企业”关系链,形成流通产业组织结构优化目标模式;实施积极的流通产业组织政策,发挥政策的调节与导向作用;调整流通产业市场结构,形成有效竞争的市场态势;规范流通企业市场行为,实现竞争与协作的有机结合;大力发展市场中介组织,为流通企业提供服务和自律性管理。     

股市相关结构：动态演化过程与稳定性特征——基于随机矩阵理论与偏相关系数矩阵方法对中国2015年股灾的分析

股市相关结构研究是建立投资组合与风险管理的重要依据,随机矩阵理论是分析市场相关结构的一种有效方法。文章通过分析中国上证A股2015年股灾前、中、后三个阶段的相关结构,得到以下结论：经验数据相关结构表明市场存在明显的非随机结构;中国股市结构存在时变性,股灾中市场相关结构与股灾前后相比偏离情况更显著;排除市场指数因素的偏相关系数矩阵中,存在与股票市值相关的稳定性特征。     

我国上市公司股权融资偏好的成因及对策

股权偏好受融资成本的影响,债券市场不健全以及上市公司法人治理结构的缺陷,导致政策导向引发不良股权融资热。单纯的股权融资偏好,其负面效应是不容忽视。资金使用效率低下,不仅不利于公司的成长,而且影响股市的健康发展。要改善融资结构,建立企业内部积累机制,大力发展债券市场与支持债券融资,以制度创新完善市场规则。     

论我国上市公司资本结构优化

随着我国资本市场的发展,上市公司不断壮大。但是这些公司在发展的过程中,面临许多问题和缺陷,尤其是资本结构存在许多不完善的地方,已经严重制约了上市公司的进一步发展。文章主要通过数据说明我国上市公司资本结构中存在负债结构不合理、内源融资缺乏及偏好股权融资等问题;分析产生这些问题的原因采取有效措施,优化股权结构,大力发展企业债券市场,并完善资本市场,从而达到优化资本结构的目的。     

现代经济条件下垄断寡占市场结构的效率性

现代知识经济条件下,垄断结构呈现新特质,市场的可竞争性增强。在我国市场经济转轨过程中,市场结构呈现出过度竞争与某些部门行政性垄断、过度垄断并存的局面,与发达国家相比,在很多部门呈现出市场集中度偏低,市场结构分散的格局,使一些规模经济性产业无法达到必要的集中度,造成必要的经济性垄断结构不足。同时,我国的反垄断法还处于起步阶段,因此,在目标市场结构选择和反垄断法的完善中,均需要充分考虑经济性垄断寡占市场结构的效率性,在积极打破行政垄断、遏制垄断结构非效率性一面的同时,促成必要的经济性垄断结构与适度的市场集中,充分发挥其效率性的一面。     

开放条件下中国零售组织的市场结构与政策选择

对于开放背景下中国零售组织的结构政策,政府处于两难处境。本文分析认为,在目前开放条件下,在短期内,为与跨国零售企业竞争的需要,政府应鼓励国内零售企业作大作强,多形成几个国内零售寡头与跨国零售企业进行竞争,构建以寡头市场为主的市场结构;从长远来看,从消费者利益考虑,垄断竞争的市场结构将是较为理想的选择。文章最后提出了具体的构建策略。     

Efficiency vs. market power in retailing: Analysis of supermarket chains

The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between market structure and performance in the Spanish retail sector. As a new contribution, this paper considers a direct measurement of efficiency, which allows us to test different hypotheses explaining profitability in the generic framework of the theories of market power vs. efficiency. The results of the empirical application on a sample of 147 supermarket chains operating in Spain find that the competitive situation that best characterizes this sector is that of the modified efficient structure. Although efficiency does contribute positively to explaining differences in profitability, market share, which would capture the effect of market power, also has a positive effect.     

Competition and product innovation in dynamic oligopoly

We investigate the relationship between competition and innovation using a dynamic oligopoly model that endogenizes both the long-run innovation rate and market structure. We use the model to examine how various determinants of competition, such as product substitutability, entry costs, and innovation spillovers, affect firms’ equilibrium strategies for entry, exit, and investment in product quality. We find an inverted-U relationship between product substitutability and innovation: the returns to innovation initially rise for all firms but eventually, as the market approaches a winner-take-all environment, laggards have few residual profits to fight over and give up pursuit of the leader, knowing he will defend his lead. The increasing portion of the inverted-U reflects changes in firm’s investment policy functions, whereas the decreasing portion arises from the industry transiting to states with fewer firms and wider quality gaps. Allowing market structure to be endogenous yields different results compared to extant work that fixes or exogenously varies the market structure.     

区域性产业市场结构分类方法体系研究

传统的市场结构分类方法体系应用于区域性产业时会出现明显的误判,在建立区域性产业集中度度量方法的基础上,只有进一步构建区域性产业的市场结构分类方法,并进行实证分析,才能完善产业市场结构分类方法体系及其应用范围。     

我国上市公司资本结构现状及优化研究

目前。我国上市公司资本结构方面突出的问题就是偏好股权资本、严重依赖外源融资,对负债经营缺乏正确认识。其成因是股权融资成本较低,股票市场的非理性发展,债券市场发展缓慢等所导致的。为了实现公司价值最大化的目标,应积极构建上市公司最优资本结构,完善资本市场和上市公司治理结构,充分发挥财务杠杆效益,调整上市公司负债结构,提高上市公司盈利水平,从而实现公司价值最大化。     

转型期资本投资、产业结构、市场化对中国就业效应的实证研究

本文通过对投资、技术进步、市场化程度、产业结构变动、实际工资等因素对我国就业量的影响进行的实证分析和检验结果显示,自20世纪90年代以来,资本投资增加、产业结构变动及实际工资上涨是拉动就业增加的主要因素,市场化程度提高则抑制了就业量的增加.但随着时间的推移,资本投资、产业结构变动对就业的贡献度逐渐下降,工资增长对就业的拉动作用逐渐增强,市场化对就业的抑制作用逐渐减弱.     

中国金融体制缺陷与FDI需求偏好

大多数发展中国家都对外商直接投资(FDI)有着强烈的需求偏好,中国同样如此。中国之所以如此偏好FDI,并非完全源自飞速发展的经济、巨大的国内市场、良好的基础设施等因素,也就是说,中国存在"吸引"外资的另一面因素,即中国经济本身存在的某些本质弱点,如金融体制缺陷等。中国资本市场、银行体制、利率体制和结售汇制度中存在的某些缺陷,是其偏好FDI的重要原因。     

A Review of the Structure and Participants in Cameroon's Advertising Market

This article reviews the structure of Cameroon's advertising market. After discussing changes in the market since 1985, the authors describe its current structure. A comprehensive approach leads them to consider the market as a system based on interaction between institutions or organizations involved directly or indirectly in the advertising process. The authors conclude that, overall, Cameroon's advertising market is weakly structured and dominated by a small number of large advertisers. They feel that the advertising agency system, especially in terms of the services it offers, is poorly adapted to Cameroon's small and medium-sized advertisers. They therefore propose a system of small and medium-sized agencies that would play a specific role geared to the limited needs of these advertisers.