基于面板模型的中国国债风险溢价实证研究

该研究采用面板模型实证分析了2003年12月至2008年4月上海证券交易所债券市场国债风险溢价与利率期限结构及宏观经济变量的关系。实证结果显示，上期利率期限结构曲线越陡峭，当期国债风险溢价越高；上期通货膨胀水平越高，当期国债风险溢价越高，而再延长一期滞后期，会发现滞后第二期的通货膨胀水平与当期国债风险溢价存在显著负关系；货币供应同比增速增加时，国债风险溢价水平降低。     

交易所国债期限风险溢价的实证研究

本文考察了上海证券交易所国债期限风险溢价的时间变化特征及决定因素。实证结果显示，债券剩余期限越长，平均风险溢价越高；通过对不同期限债券组合的风险溢价序列建立回归模型，发现长短期利差及风险溢价的前期值对中长期债券期限风险溢价的时变性具有明显的解释能力。     

宏观经济变量对中国国债风险溢价影响的实证研究——基于上海证券交易所的交易数据

本文基于面板数据模型,对各主要宏观经济变量及利率期限结构对国债风险溢价的影响进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:国债利率期限结构曲线越陡峭,国债的风险溢价水平越高;通货膨胀因素对国债风险溢价水平的影响较大;规模以上工业增加值、上证综合指数月度收益率与L 债风险溢价水平存在显著负相关关系;广义货币供应量与国债风险溢价水平存在显著正相关关系;官方利率与国债风险溢价水平的关系较弱.     

中国超长期国债的相对流动性溢价与收益率曲线的结构性建模北大核心CSSCISSCI

现阶段中国10年期以上超长期国债收益率的编制是完善收益率曲线的重要工作。针对超长期国债流动性较低的市场特征,本文通过引入一个刻画其相对流动性溢价的因子,建立了一个扩展的Nelson-Siegel(NS)无套利利率期限结构模型。实证研究表明:该模型对1-30年期的整条国债收益率曲线具有良好的横截面拟合效果;投资者对超长期国债收益率要求平均为正的流动性溢价,对15-30年期收益率的贡献在13-63个基点;模型提取出的流动性因子与传统的流动性指标具有高度的相关性和一致性;脉冲响应的结果表明流动性因子与三个NS因子之间存在着显著的互动关系,而方差分解表明流动性因子在长期对水平因子和斜率因子的贡献较大。     

国债风险溢价预测模型在债券投资中的应用

本文以利率期限结构信息为解释变量,对中期国债的风险溢价建立预测模型.回归结果显示,利率期限结构的斜率因子和曲度因子对中期国债的月度风险溢价具有显著的预测能力.利用该预测模型建立的模拟债券组合,与市场指数及债券型基金相比,取得了较好的业绩表现.     

折现率中股权风险溢价的确定

折现率中的股权风险溢价一般采用资本资产定价模型来确定,但由于资本资产定价模型建立在投资者理性、股票市场有效等前提基础之上,而中国股票市场的有效性比较欠缺,在评估实践中运用资本定价模型确定股权风险溢价存在较多的问题。本文从实体经济领域着手,通过投入产出分析、经营杠杆及财务杠杆分析,计算出行业相对于整体经济的风险系数、目标企业相对于行业的风险系数,进而得到行业股权风险溢价和目标企业的股权风险溢价。     

加入时变溢价的利率期限结构研究

本文在理性预期假说的基础上,利用上海银行间同业拆借利率(Shibor)长短期利率数据,对加入时变风险溢价的利率期限结构进行了实证研究,结果表明:理性预期假说可以解释我国利率市场的预测作用,风险溢价因子为常数时的利率期限结构模型不能解释实际利率数据,而加入经期限修正的风险溢价因子后,利率期限结构模型能够解释长短期利率的预期理论。     

中国国债利率期限结构预期假说检验

利率期限结构反映利率与到期期限的关系。本文对我国国债利率期限结构预期假说进行实证检验,否定了预期理论。表明我国国债利率期限结构存在明显的时变期限风险溢仇时变期限风险溢价是决定利率期限结构的重要因素。不同期限即期利率之间存在协整关系说明利率期限结构隐含的远期利率对未来即期利率有一定的预测作用府在“预期之谜”。     

中国股票市场风险溢价研究

本文通过综合资产定价理论和实证文献研究结论,对1997年到2009年中国股市A股股票的风险溢价的截面差异作了详尽的实证研究。我们构造25个投资组合作为检验资产,进行Fama-MacBeth两步回归法,建立了基于市场风险溢价,账面市值比,盈利股价比,现金流股价比,投资资本比,工业增加值变化率以及回购利率和期限利差的八因素模型。我们的主要发现有以下三点:一是相对于Fama-French三因素模型,我们模型的实证解释力有显著提高;二是与过去的文献不同,我们发现回购利率和期限利差等债市指标对股市风险溢价的截面数据有显著解释能力;三是与基于投资的资产定价理论一致,我们发现投资比率和现金流股价比能显著反映我国股市的风险溢价。     

业绩对赌协议对并购溢价和市场反应的影响

在推进并购市场契约创新背景下,研究业绩对赌协议有重要的理论和实践意义。本文构建了并购双方在信息不对称市场上的理论效用模型,并以2006—2020年收购方为上市公司的资产收购为样本,得到以下结论：第一,业绩对赌协议中对未来承诺期限规定越严格,溢价规模越大,且业绩对赌相对规模与溢价呈倒U形关系;第二,通过在模型中引入股价异常回报情况,发现业绩对赌协议和市场反应之间为正向关系,在此基础上验证了并购溢价在两者关系中的中间遮掩效用和门槛效用;第三,进一步研究发现,并购溢价会对合约细节与对赌结果、市场反应与对赌结果之间的关系产生影响。本文研究有助于企业避免由过度保护、代理问题和信息不对称造成的估值溢价偏差,进而合理利用并购溢价和协议细节调动市场投资者的积极情绪与信心。     

Is the Term Premium a Risk Premium?

This paper explores whether excess holding period returns on long vis-a-vis short-term securities behave in a manner that is consistent with (1) market efficiency, (2) the time-varying-term-premium variant of the expectations hypothesis, and (3) theories of the term premium that view it as a reward for risk bearing. Both traditional and modern theories of the term premium imply that it should evolve fairly slowly over time as attitudes toward risk and/or perceived covariances with wealth or consumption change. This implies that this period's term premium should have some predictive ability for next period's. However, we find that this quarter's ex-post term premium has zero predictive ability. For monthly rates and returns, the evidence is less clear cut, but again the implied term premia do not behave in a manner consistent with existing theories.     

Equity Risk Premium

Abstract

The equity risk premium (ERP) is an essential building block of the market value of risk. In theory, the collective action of all investors results in an equilibrium expectation for the return on the market portfolio excess of the risk-free return, the ERP. The ability of the valuation actuary to choose a sensible value for the ERP, whether as a required input to capital asset pricing model valuation, or any of its descendants, is as important as choosing risk-free rates and risk relatives (betas) to the ERP for the asset at hand.

The historical realized ERP for the stock market appears to be at odds with pricing theory parameters for risk aversion. Since 1985, there has been a constant stream of research, each of which reviews theories of estimating market returns, examines historical data periods, or both. Those ERP value estimates vary widely from about ?1% to about 9%, based on a geometric or arithmetic averaging, short or long horizons, short- or long-run expectations, unconditional or conditional distributions, domestic or international data, data periods, and real or nominal returns.

This paper examines the principal strains of the recent research on the ERP and catalogues the empirical values of the ERP implied by that research. In addition, the paper supplies several time series analyses of the standard Ibbotson Associates 1926–2002 ERP data using short Treasuries for the risk-free rate. Recommendations for ERP values to use in common actuarial valuation problems also are offered.     

The Value Premium

The value anomaly arises naturally in the neoclassical framework with rational expectations. Costly reversibility and countercyclical price of risk cause assets in place to be harder to reduce, and hence are riskier than growth options especially in bad times when the price of risk is high. By linking risk and expected returns to economic primitives, such as tastes and technology, my model generates many empirical regularities in the cross‐section of returns; it also yields an array of new refutable hypotheses providing fresh directions for future empirical research.     

The Pollution Premium

This paper studies the asset pricing implications of industrial pollution. A long-short portfolio constructed from firms with high versus low toxic emission intensity within an industry generates an average annual return of 4.42%, which remains significant after controlling for risk factors. This pollution premium cannot be explained by existing systematic risks, investor preferences, market sentiment, political connections, or corporate governance. We propose and model a new systematic risk related to environmental policy uncertainty. We use the growth in environmental litigation penalties to measure regime change risk and find that it helps price the cross section of emission portfolios' returns.     

The Equity Premium

We estimate the equity premium using dividend and earnings growth rates to measure the expected rate of capital gain. Our estimates for 1951 to 2000, 2.55 percent and 4.32 percent, are much lower than the equity premium produced by the average stock return, 7.43 percent. Our evidence suggests that the high average return for 1951 to 2000 is due to a decline in discount rates that produces a large unexpected capital gain. Our main conclusion is that the average stock return of the last half-century is a lot higher than expected.     

The Globalization Risk Premium

In this paper, we investigate how globalization is reflected in asset prices. We use shipping costs to measure firms' exposure to globalization. Firms in low shipping cost industries carry a 7% risk premium, suggesting that their cash flows covary negatively with investors' marginal utility. We find that the premium emanates from the risk of displacement of least efficient firms triggered by import competition. These findings suggest that foreign productivity shocks are associated with times when consumption is dear for investors. We discuss conditions under which a standard model of trade with asset prices can rationalize this puzzle.     

The High-Volume Return Premium

The idea that extreme trading activity contains information about the future evolution of stock prices is investigated. We find that stocks experiencing unusually high (low) trading volume over a day or a week tend to appreciate (depreciate) over the course of the following month. We argue that this high-volume return premium is consistent with the idea that shocks in the trading activity of a stock affect its visibility, and in turn the subsequent demand and price for that stock. Return autocorrelations, firm announcements, market risk, and liquidity do not seem to explain our results.     

The Executive Turnover Risk Premium

We establish that CEOs of companies experiencing volatile industry conditions are more likely to be dismissed. At the same time, accounting for various other factors, industry risk is unlikely to be associated with CEO compensation other than through dismissal risk. Using this identification strategy, we document that CEO turnover risk is significantly positively associated with compensation. This finding is important because job‐risk‐compensating wage differentials arise naturally in competitive labor markets. By contrast, the evidence rejects an entrenchment model according to which powerful CEOs have lower job risk and at the same time secure higher compensation.     

Illiquidity Premium in the MILA

This article analyzes the illiquidity premium in the MILA. Using seven proxies for illiquidity, we find a positive and significant illiquidity premium for our sample. A microstructure bias-free portfolio weighting based on past returns is critical in our finding of an illiquidity premium, which is robust to several methodological changes in our portfolio simulations. We also document that the premium is present only in small and high book-to-market stocks. Nonetheless, when we control for size and distress effects, the difference and significance in risk-adjusted returns between portfolios of high and low illiquidity stocks remains.     

The Value Premium and the CAPM

We examine (1) how value premiums vary with firm size, (2) whether the CAPM explains value premiums, and (3) whether, in general, average returns compensate β in the way predicted by the CAPM. Loughran's (1997) evidence for a weak value premium among large firms is special to 1963 to 1995, U.S. stocks, and the book‐to‐market value‐growth indicator. Ang and Chen's (2005) evidence that the CAPM can explain U.S. value premiums is special to 1926 to 1963. The CAPM's more general problem is that variation in β unrelated to size and the value‐growth characteristic goes unrewarded throughout 1926 to 2004.