城市垃圾处理行业民营化改革实践研究

中国城市垃圾处理行业投资匮乏、运营效率低下,迫切需要民营化改革.而通过引进外商投资、吸收民营资本与实行特许经营权等民营化改革,提高了中国城市垃圾处理行业运营效率、服务质量、收费及普遍服务水平,并减轻了政府的财政负担.改革实践表明,对垃圾处理行业民营企业进入与退出、环保标准、价格水平和垃圾处理不同环节的管制是确保垃圾行业民营化改革高绩效的基本保障.     

英国自来水业的民营化及其对我国启示

自来水业民营化是中国市场经济发展到一定阶段的必然要求。本文从产业切割方式、管制组织的设计、水价调整、员工权益保护等方面对英国自来水业民营化案例进行了研究。结果表明:整体而言,英国自来水业民营化在生产效率和服务水平方面确实取得相当成就。如何借鉴其成功经验值得我们深入研究。     

中国电信产业规制效果的实证研究

本文运用时间序列模型,在总量、价格、利润和普遍服务水平四个方面对中国电信产业的规制效果进行了实证研究。在研究的过程中,本文将规制指标分为规制框架、规制机构和规制对象三个方面,更加全面具体地验证了规制的效果。计量分析结果表明,目前针对中国电信产业的规制已经取得了很大的成绩,市场结构趋于合理,普遍服务质量得到了很大的改善,但是在电信产业总量增长提高方面效果并不显著。     

水务产业风生水起

国际水协主席麦克·罗斯勋爵最近在北京接受采访时断言:中国将很快跻身世界水务大国。至2020年,中国的水市场将高达1万亿美元! 水务产业以水的生产、利用和处理为产业链,涵盖了水源建设、城市供水、城市污水处理及其回用等领域。水务产业具有自然的垄断属性和规模经济效应,谁占领了稀缺的水务资源,就等于占据了未来发展的制高点,就有机会在水务产业成长中谋求丰厚的利润回报。     

放松规制对水务企业盈利能力的影响分析

从上世纪70年代开始,我国对水务行业进行了在民营化改革,在这一过程中,我们可以清楚的看到改革开放前,中国城市水务产业呈现政企高度合一、投资主体单一、无偿供水等特征。为了测定改革之后的绩效,本文通过定性的研究引入虚拟变量对18家上市公司绩效进行测度,进行一些初步探索。     

审慎监管有效性的实证研究——基于银行效率和风险的视角

基于2007～2013年我国商业银行面板数据,检验审慎监管指标与银行效率和风险的关系,从银行发展的视角对审慎监管有效性进行实证分析.研究发现;较高的资本充足率在降低银行信贷风险的同时,也导致其成本效率和利润效率下降;拨备覆盖率的增加有利于降低银行信贷风险,但却显著地提高了银行成本效率;存贷比监管不仅不能降低银行信贷风险和经营风险,还显著地增加了银行成本效率和利润效率,流动性比率对银行风险和银行效率的影响均不显著.这些结论表明,不同审慎监管工具对银行风险和效率的影响存在差别,部分审慎监管工具在降低银行风险的同时,也降低了银行效率,审慎监管的目标在效率和风险之间存在一定的取舍.     

外资对我国水务产业安全的影响趋势及政策建议

伴随着我国城市水务行业开放程度的提高,越来越多的外资水务企业涌入到我国的水务行业中逐利。自2004年以来,多年维持稳定的城市水价,短短几年内频繁上调,引起了各方强烈的关注。建立分层次的水务产业安全指标评价体系,研究外资水务对我国水务产业安全带来的影响方式及影响程度,对建立井然有序的市场竞争格局具有重大而积极的现实意义。一、外资水务对我国水务产业安全评价指标体系的测算(一)我国水务产业安全指标评价体系的构建本文构建的水务产业安全评估指标体系包括3个一级指标、11个二级指标。     

马鞍山市水务行业民营化改革探析

水务行业作为我国公共事业的重要组成部分正经历着改革浪潮。从水务行业民营化改革入手,以马鞍山市作为研究对象,介绍了马鞍山市水务行业改革发展过程及改革所取得的成就及意义;与此同时,经济性损失、官员腐败等问题也在马鞍山市水务民营化改革过程中表现出来,因此又从各方面对当前存在的问题进行分析,根据问题产生的原因,针对性地提出了完善水务行业民营化改革的对策。     

市政公用事业民营化分析

本文从资源配置效率、价格机制、投资结构三个方面介绍了对市政公用事业进行民营化的原因.分析了市政公用事业民营化的三种模式,提出了从进入、价格,普遍服务等方面对市政公用事业进行监管,以提高公用事业的效率.     

规制改革对我国发电行业的影响分析

本文选取1980-2011年我国发电行业相关时间序列数据,从发电总量、价格、利润和效率等方面进行实证研究,检验发电行业规制效果。结果表明,三次规制改革,每次的效果不尽相同,主要是被不同规制时期的现状影响。通过分析得出规制改革在理论与实践中均是电力产业高速发展的极大推动力。     

我国农村流通产业组织分析

我国目前的农村流通产业组织不能满足日益增长的市场需求,农村流通产业组织的市场集中度非常低,企业规模普遍偏小,所提供服务的差异化不明显,而且农村流通市场的进入壁垒低、退出壁垒高,在组织策略、价格策略和产品策略等方面存在着明显的局限,直接影响了农村流通产业组织的经济效益,经营效率难以提高。要优化农村流通产业组织,应实施权责明确的统一管理体制,加大政府扶持力度,推进城乡流通一体化进程,完善保障体系,降低退出壁垒。     

生产性服务业空间集聚与制造业效率提升——基于空间外溢效应的实证研究

本文利用2003—2009年247个城市样本数据,实证检验了我国城市生产性服务业空间集聚对制造业效率的空间外溢效应。结果表明,生产性服务业空间集聚不仅能够提升本地区制造业效率,且能够通过空间外溢效应提升周边地区制造业效率,空间外溢系数达到了0.864。生产性服务业空间集聚会通过竞争效应、专业化效应以及外部性等途径降低制造业交易成本,进而提高制造业效率。鉴于此,政府应支持生产性服务业空间集聚,突破影响空间外溢效应区域边界的自然条件和制度约束,加大人力资本、交通基础设施等方面的积累和投入,促进生产性服务业对制造业效率空间溢出效应的有效发挥。     

我国粮食市场价格波动及应对措施——基于物流成本的视角

造成我国粮价波动的影响因素很多,包括国际粮食市场环境、国家粮食政策、国内粮食产量、粮食生产和流通成本等.在粮食行业中,物流成本的“效益背反”存在于企业物流活动的方方面面,如物流成本与服务水平“效益背反”、物流各功能之间(运输、储存、包装、装卸等)“效益背反”、全社会物流资源“效益背反”.针对目前我国粮食物流成本占粮食销售价格比重过大且一直居高不下的情况,必须制订科学合理的方案,对我国粮食仓储节点布局和粮食物流过程进行优化,通过信息共享平台削弱粮食供应链中的“牛鞭效应”,整合资源降低“效益背反”对粮食物流成本的负面影响,积极推广第三方粮食物流外包,完善基础性建设,以稳定粮食市场价格波动.     

城市供水产业价格规制问题与对策——基于天津市的调查研究

对城市供水产业来说,其产品既有商品特性,又有公共必需品特性,更与水资源的制约和环境保护紧密关联,同时自然垄断特性限制了竞争机制的引入。近些年来,天津市城市供水价格改革取得较大成就,但仍然存在价格形成机制不完善、水价管理体制不合理等问题。为此,必须转变政府干预市场方式,克服市场监管中的"错位"与"越位"现象;建立健全公共财政补贴机制,克服政府在供水领域公共服务职能的"缺位";建立统一的水资源费征收标准体系,逐步实现城市供水"同城同质同网同价";完善水价形成机制,切实推进天津市城市供水产业市场化进程。     

中国创意服务贸易及国际竞争力演进分析

随着创意产业日益成为世界各国经济发展的战略重点,创意服务贸易也得以快速发展,成为全球服务贸易增长的重要推动力。中国创意服务贸易增速远远高于世界平均水平,且自2004年起由贸易"逆差"转为贸易"顺差",但在全球所处地位仍然偏低,仍具有巨大的市场发展空间。按照TC指数和CA指数计量的中国创意及相关产业服务的国际竞争力,目前仍处于较低水平,但逐渐提升的演进趋势明显。为尽快提升中国创意服务国际竞争力,应尽快建立创意服务统计信息系统,把创意服务作为服务贸易的"战略性新兴产业"培育和扶持,采取有针对性的政策措施引进创意服务业发展所需稀缺生产要素,并建立创意服务发展部门间政策协调机制。     

Pricing,greening, and transparency decisions considering the impact of government subsidies and CSR behavior in supply chain decisions

In this paper, we analytically model different government subsidy strategies in a supply chain manufacturing and selling a green product. We model the interaction between greening degree and transparency level set by a manufacturer and its impact on not only the supply chain, but also consumers and the government. The supply chain is composed of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer can choose two different strategies. First, he only cares about his production profit; and second, he concerns with CSR in addition to his production profit. We develop a new transparency-based index of consumer satisfaction to model how the market reacts to manufacturer CSR decisions. The government decide three different subsidy strategies. A three-stage Stackelberg game model is developed and solved to analytically derive managerial insights. As a result, if the transparency cost coefficient is sufficiently high, the greening degree and transparency level in CSR concerns strategy are higher than when the manufacturer is not concerned with corporate social responsibility. In addition, when the transparency cost coefficient is sufficiently high, the profit of supply chain members and government are equal in both strategies. We give a real-world example of Iranian brick industry.     

Evaluating the financial performances of Korean luxury hotels using data envelopment analysis

In the wake of catastrophic natural disasters and rising threats of terrorism, the hotel industry has been hit hard by declining revenues and increasing competition. To avoid such a downward spiral, the hotel industry should find remedies to make its operations lean and robust. These remedies may include: niche marketing, reduced debt ratio, increased profit margin, and continuous improvement of hotel service quality. These remedies, however, would be of no avail, unless the hotel management finds a way to compare its financial strengths and weaknesses against its competitors. In an effort to help the hotel management enhance its financial efficiency and price leverage in the increasingly competitive hotel industry, this article aims to develop a meaningful set of financial benchmarks that will dictate best practices and shape up a successful hotel business model. Thus, we propose a data envelopment analysis (DEA) that is proven to be useful for measuring the financial efficiency of various profit or non-profit organizations. Using the examples of first-class, luxury hotels in Korea, this article illustrates the usefulness of DEA for the continuous improvement of hotel business practices.     

Privatization in Russia: What Should be a Firm?

This paper examines a variety of issues associated with the restructuring of Russian industry prior to privatization, from a transactions cost perspective. It is argued that none of the components of the industrial hierarchies inherited from the Soviet system corresponded closely to firms in a modem market economy. Moreover, product–level concentration of production created potential monopoly problems. Ideally, it would have been desirable to restructure Russian industry to create efficient organizations and competitive market structures prior to privatization. However, political and information constraints precluded widespread fine tuning of the existing industrial hierarchies prior to privatization. Given these constraints, the decision of the Gaidar government to focus privatization on ’enterprises’, i.e. the smallest organizational units within the industrial hierarchies, was sensible and led to significant deconcentration of Russian industry. Policies with regard to voluntary separation of subunits of enterprises and aggregation of enterprises prior to privatization also helped to promote deconcentration. Significant additional restructuring of Russian industry is expected now that the mass privatization has been completed.     

British privatization: Evaluating the results

The 24 studies reviewed here reveal that nine of the 13 primary objectives of the U.K.'s privatization program have substantially been achieved. Privatization has reduced the size and scope of government, reduced political interference in management decisions, freed government funds so they can be used in sectors of the economy other than state-owned businesses, created a free market economy, promoted domestic investment, benefited the economy through higher returns on capital invested in privatized businesses, generated new sources of tax revenue, broadened domestic equity ownership and promoted equity ownership among employees of privatized businesses. Most of the research reviewed concludes that privatization has reduced the government's budget deficit; provided consumers with improved service, better quality, more choices, new products and lower prices; and improved the efficiency and performance of privatized firms. Finally, most of the studies reviewed report mixed results regarding the privatization program's success at reducing government control of business.     

A Chain-Type Price Index for New Business Jet Aircraft

This paper presents a price index constructed to measure the real price and real output of corporate business jet aircraft. It employs a chained price index methodology to properly account for the effect of changes in aircraft quality and product lines on the price index. The index indicates that the average price level of corporate jets has significantly outpaced the general price level measured by the GDP deflator, nearly doubling the real price of the product over a 35-year period from 1968 to 2003, which could have negatively affected the demand for the product. Because the GDP deflator significantly understates the price increase in corporate jets, the industry’s real output is overstated when its nominal sales are deflated with a general price index. The paper suggests that an industry-specific price index allows more accurate analyses of real economic activity of an industry. The methodology used in this paper could be useful for other industries where product price movements vary significantly from the changes in the general price level. JEL Classification L160,L620