新形势下交通运输基础设施建设融资的问题分析与对策研究

在当前立足扩大内需保持经济增长的新形势下,交通运输基础设施建设面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。本文主要通过对交通运输基础设施建设融资的现状分析,提出应考虑未来改革的发展趋势,科学合理地筹措建设资金,创新投融资体制,优化配置有限的经济资源,切实提高交通运输基础设施建设的投资效益和社会效益。     

浅谈新时期的交通运输基础设施投融资

1984年出台的"贷款修路,收费还贷"政策,开创了我国交通运输基础设施投融资改革的先河,交通专项税费的开征为交通运输发展开辟了稳定的资金来源渠道,由此,"中央投资、地方筹资、社会融资、利用外资"的交通基础设施投融资模式逐步形成。十八届三中全会以来,财税体制改革、特别是投融资体制改革逐步深入,交通运输基础设施投融资进入新时期。本文简要分析了交通运输基础设施(主要指公路、水路)投融资的现状和存在的问题,提出深化改革的思路。     

从铁路的属性谈供给主体

根据经济学等有关原理,对铁路的属性进行研究。指出铁路的准公共产品属性、自然垄断属性、广泛存在的公益性都要求政府在铁路运输服务的供给上发挥关键作用,同时,铁路的规模经济特性,要求各类线路要统一协调,而不是各自为政。     

PPP模式下交通运输基础设施建设投融资方式研究与创新

本文针对当今交通运输基础设施建设投融资出现的问题和瓶颈,引入PPP融资模式,并搜集近些年相关文献资料,针对交通运输行业基础设施建设的相关融资问题进行文献综述与可行性分析。此外,结合实操真实案例,通过引入杭绍台城际铁路这一项目,进行相关分析,总结经验并提出该案例的局限性,为今后民营企业投资入股参与交通运输基础设施建设提供建议,从而创新融资方式,解决政府资金来源问题,以此吸引更多民营企业的投资。     

供给侧结构性改革下交通运输执法体制改革的思考

推进交通运输供给侧结构性改革,是引领经济发展新常态的重大创新,必须进行交通运输执法体制改革。要深入探讨交通运输执法体制改革的依据问题,执法主体资格问题,组建交通运输执法机构问题,编制核定问题,市辖区不设执法机构问题,人员安置问题,工资经费保障不到位问题,改革的进度问题。     

基于交易成本的第四方物流经济学分析

阐述第四方物流的概念及其主要特点,运用交易成本理论,从委托企业的视角对第四方物流进行分析,并从物流量、专业化与规模经济、运作效率与企业核心竞争力等方面论述第四方物流与企业物流自营的关系.     

拓展多元化新型融资方式促进交通运输健康发展

一、河南交通运输发展现状 河南是全国重要的现代综合交通枢纽,在交通运输部正确领导和强力支持下,河南交通运输实现了由“基本缓解”到“总体适应”的重大跨越。公路基础设施建设总量位居全国前列、中部领先。公路水路基础设施网络基本建成,运输服务能力不断提升。     

基于城市公共交通一卡通的综合交通运输方式研究

城市综合交通方式融合出现在20世纪80年代,主要是源于城市交通发展过快,相关配套建设未能跟上,从而形成交通拥堵、道路资源面临严重不足及信息化建设滞后等一系列问题,作为缓解城市道路交通的一种重要手段,将在提高道路利用率和交通方式衔接上发挥重要作用.所谓综合交通方式融合,实质上是综合交通的一体化,是指通过对交通系统的技术、管理、政策、信息以及配套设施等各方面的整合,促进交通系统内部各方式之间的共享与整合,从而提高交通系统的服务水平和运营效率,形成一个高效、可靠、协调的城市综合交通体系.     

交通运输行业引进民间资本进入的领域和主要方式探讨

文章在调查分析现有投资政策、交通投融资现状及问题的基础上,从交通基础设施建设、交通运输服务业、新兴交通产业发展三领域提出了传统融资方式、交通产业基金、争取地方发债、创建交通产业园区、运用委托贷款、依托综合枢纽建设、交通公益基金会、交通资产证券化等八种方式,并从扶持政策、投资环境、服务体系等方面提出具体的保障措施。     

铁路集装箱运输组织方式客运化的研究

我国铁路集装箱运输存在运输效率低、运输效益差的弊端,其安全、快捷等优势远未得到发挥。对比铁路客运和货运的特点,提出铁路集装箱运输组织方式客运化的方向及实施条件和办法。     

On the use of RFID in the management of reusable containers in closed-loop supply chains under stochastic container return quantities

This paper studies a closed-loop supply chain that uses containers for transporting products from a supplier to a retailer. At the retailer, used containers are collected and returned to the supplier. The supplier inspects returned containers, and either repairs and reuses or disposes them. This paper studies the case where the fraction of containers that are returned to the supplier is stochastic, and where an RFID system can be used to support the tracking of container positions in the supply chain. The use of RFID leads to improved information on the return of containers and better return predictability as well as higher return rates, which we model as an increase in the mean return rate of containers and a reduction in return variance. The paper first develops a mathematical planning model for this scenario, and it then studies how the use of RFID impacts the performance of the system. In addition, it analyzes under which conditions the use of RFID is economical, and in which situations traditional container systems should be preferred.     

The value of specific cargo information for substitutable modes of inland transport

Communication about containers onboard a cargo carrier approaching a harbor with a hinterland operator who is to receive the containers usually reveals the total amount of goods (aggregate number of containers) to be transported inland upon unloading at the arrival dock. This communication is useful for the hinterland operator to plan and deploy its transport capacities. However, further transport of containers on the hinterland involve various transport modes at differing costs. For example, the delivery time requirement of a container dictates the most appropriate mode of inland transport, be it truck, rail, or barge, in decreasing order of speed, flexibility and cost, to move the container to the next destination. In general there may be several types of delivery time requirements and containers of each type is most economically moved inland in a corresponding transport mode. Trucking is usually used for containers that need urgent delivery and train or barge for not so urgent types. In order to efficiently plan the transport capacities for after-arrival conveyance of containers having multi-type delivery time requirements, not only should the aggregate number of containers, but also the number of containers of each type, be made available to the hinterland operator. We consider several information scenarios and in each scenario we solve a single-period capacity planning serving multi-type demands with product substitution. We then compare expected transport costs between information scenarios to evaluate the benefit of specific cargo information in improving the next-step transporting after containers are unloaded at the port of entry.     

The spatial context of transport disadvantage, social exclusion and well-being

Equity has been a major concern of public transport provision and is required by legislation in many countries. Several approaches measure equity in transit supply however none produce a simple system-wide measure of equity performance. A new approach is presented using Lorenz curves to measure the relative supply of transit to the population. Gini coefficients provide a single measure of overall equity using this method. A system-wide assessment of overall transit supply to the population in Melbourne, Australia shows that 70% of the population shares only 19% of the supply (Gini coefficient = .68). When employment is also taken into account, the situation is not much different; 70% of jobs and population share 23% of service (G = .62). In order to gain some understanding of vertical equity, the transit supply was compared between different age, income and vehicle ownership groups. There is some evidence of higher supply for youth and low-income groups in inner Melbourne, and in all parts of Melbourne no-vehicle households lived in areas of higher transit supply. Overall it is unclear how “fair” these distributions are compared to equity in other cities since this is the first time this method has been undertaken. Projects using similar approaches should provide a good basis for establishing comparative equity between cities.     

中国特色城镇化建设的铁路发展新模式

走中国特色城镇化道路对城市交通发展提出了新的要求,建设市域客运铁路是城市交通发展的新模式,符合中国特色城镇化建设需要,有利于转变铁路发展方式、推进铁路投融资体制改革,具有良好的社会效益。推进市域客运铁路建设必须重视与城市规划配套,科学合理选择线网构架,加强与其他交通运输方式衔接,注意资源节约和环境保护,并给予必要的政策支持。     

The transformation of urban transport in the Czech Republic, 1988–1998

Similar to virtually all formerly socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the Czech Republic has been experiencing a transport revolution since the shift from socialism to capitalism a decade ago. From 1988 to 1998, per-capita car ownership rose by 63% in the country as a whole, and by 93% in the capital city of Prague. Vehicle km of motor vehicle use have more than doubled. Conversely, public transport usage has fallen considerably, by 26% in the country as a whole, and by 19% in Prague. This modal shift from public transport to the private car has resulted from increased incomes, access to Western markets, declining real prices of cars and petrol, removal of restrictions on manufacturing and importing cars, and the car's attraction as a symbol of freedom, affluence, and status. The sharp reduction of subsidies for public transport has forced increases in fares and service cutbacks, which have also encouraged the shift toward the private car. Although the private car is very popular, the sudden surge in car ownership and use has caused significant social and environmental problems: roadway congestion, parking shortages, increased traffic accidents, air pollution, and noise. Given their severe financial limitations, Czech cities are struggling to preserve their public transport systems while accommodating the immensely popular private car.     

Improving the efficiency of metropolitan area transit by joint analysis of its multiple providers

Public transportation in a metropolitan area often is supplied by multiple types of transit. This paper develops and illustrates a DEA-based procedure for estimating: overall efficiency of an area’s public transportation; technical efficiencies of the individual transit types; effect of each type on overall efficiency; and efficiency of the allocation of resources among types and an algorithm for improving it. The paper concludes that the overall efficiency of an urban area’s public transportation can be validly estimated only if the technical efficiency of each major transport type and the efficiency in allocating resources among them are taken into consideration.