Entrepreneurship and Development: The Role of Clusters

Defining entrepreneurship as the creation of new organisations,this paper explores,from a literature review standpoint,the moderating effect of clusters on the impact of entrepreneurship on development. To identify potential causes of this moderating effect, the paper focuses on three different impacts: entrepreneurship on development, clusters on development,and clusters on entrepreneurship. The findings of the paper are threefold.First,entrepreneurship is positively associated with economic growth.Given the importance of entrepreneurship in changing the economic and social structure of the economy,more research on the impact of entrepreneurship on development - i.e. focus on capabilities rather than on output - is needed. Second,it is difficult to reach empirical generalisations on the impact of clusters on development and entrepreneurship given conceptual and methodological constraints. Both positive results and caveats are found at different levels of analysis and at different stages of development of a cluster. Finally, given the previous finding, it is difficult to generalise on the impact of clusters on the association between entrepreneurship and development. Consensus on and validity between conceptual and operational definitions of clusters; consideration of context as well as process and, therefore, quantitative and qualitative methods; and differentiation between levels of analysis controlling for cluster stage and strength are the main criteria for future studies to consider to disentangle the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship, development and the association between entrepreneurship and development.     

新企业所得税法实施后的税收征管改进

新《企业所得税法》与现行内外资企业所得税相比,其主要内容和特点表现在纳税人身份的判定和纳税义务的确定,统一税率,规范计税依据的确认,以产业优惠为主、地区优惠为辅的政策导向,整合税收优惠政策以及加强征收管理等方面。新《企业所得税法》的实施对税收征管中的税源管理、税基管理、征管能力、反避税等方面提出了新的要求。企业所得税的征管水平直接关系着税收收入的组织,关系着所得税的调控力度。针对新《企业所得税法》实施后征管的新要求,文章提出,应优化税源管理机制,强化税源监控;深入有效宣传新税法,进一步加强日常征管,全面清理优惠政策,确保所得税政策的全面、准确贯彻执行;优化机构设置,职责合理分工,明晰企业所得税的征管归属;积极推行反避税工作,防止税收流失。     

企业物流外包风险研究述评

随着物流外包业务的迅猛发展,企业物流外包风险问题引起了国内外理论界与实业界的广泛关注,越来越多的人开始进行这方面的研究探讨与实践工作。文章指出,目前国内外对企业物流外包风险问题的研究主要集中在企业物流外包风险的成因和来源、风险的分类、风险的识别与评价以及风险的防范控制等方面。在企业物流外包风险的认识上还存在分歧,企业物流外包风险的研究内容还存在局限性,企业物流外包风险的防范控制尚缺乏整体方案,企业物流外包风险管理研究还十分缺乏。今后应加强对企业物流外包风险因素的系统研究,对企业物流外包风险管理的全面研究,对企业物流外包风险预警机制的深入研究,为企业物流外包风险管理工作提供参考。     

The moderating effect of on‐line experience on the antecedents and consequences of on‐line satisfaction

The purpose of the present study is to test the moderating effect of on‐line experience on antecedents to on‐line satisfaction and on the relationship between on‐line satisfaction and loyalty. A survey (n = 836) was conducted to test the differences between high and low online experience respondents. The relationship between on‐line satisfaction and on‐line loyalty is stronger for consumers with more online experience than for consumers with less on‐line experience. Another key finding is that antecedents to on‐line satisfaction also differ between high and low on‐line experience consumers. Implications indicate that organizations may develop and provide differentiated services to high‐ and low‐experience consumers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Role of complementarities in technology adoption: The case of DVD players

This paper estimates complementarities between DVD player adoption and availability of content on DVD. We use household level quasi-panel data on adoption decisions of 47,893 unique households; monthly data on the availability of movies for rental on DVD at 140 different local regions, and monthly data on the number of movies released on DVD nationally. We focus on an early period after the technology launch (2000–2001), and estimate statistically and economically significant complementarities.     

国内旅游循环经济研究综述

目前国内关于旅游循环经济研究主要集中在五个方面:旅游循环经济基础性研究、旅游循环经济构成体系及运行模式研究、专项旅游与循环经济结合研究、旅游循环经济实证研究、旅游循环经济支撑和保障体系研究。本文在具体分析了旅游循环经济的内容后总结了其研究特点,并试图指出今后应重点研究的方向。     

Role of consumer health consciousness,food safety & attitude on organic food purchase in emerging market: A serial mediation model

The study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect impact of health consciousness (HCN) on the purchase intention (PIN) of organic food products in India – a rising hub of organic food consumption. For the indirect effect of health consciousness on the purchase intention, the study added the serial mediation of consumer attitude (ATT) (based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour) and food safety concern (FSC) as major constructs. There is a lack of empirical evidence on the mediating role of FSC in the impact of HCN on ATT or their PIN. Further in a developing country like India, there lacks a comprehensive study considering all the above four factors on organic food consumption. 438 useable responses were collected using the mall intercept method from purchasers frequenting five exclusive organic food stores in a metropolitan city in India. The hypotheses on direct and indirect effect of HCN on PIN and the serial mediation of FSC and ATT was tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). CFA/SEM analysis upon establishing the conceptual model's goodness-of-fit, revealed the insignificance of FSC having direct impact on ATT and PIN and having any mediating role in the impact of HCN on ATT. There was also no significant impact of HCN on FSC. ATT too showed no significant mediating role in the impact of FSC on PIN. Nevertheless, both FSC and ATT together as serial mediators significantly influence the impact of HCN on PIN. Retailers and marketing professionals need to devise strategies based on the study's findings, emphasizing on the details of health benefits and improvements consumers will obtain upon consuming their organic products. Practical implications and theoretical contributions are discussed.     

现代咨询业与网络信息资源开发

现代咨询业伴随着网络经济的兴起应运而生 ,信息资源开发是咨询业的重要内容 ,现代咨询业在信息资源开发的互动发展的关系 ,决定了现代咨询业在信息资源开发方面应该做到 :注重咨询与理论和实践研究相结合 ;加强数据系统建设 ;开展电子商务。     

电子支付技术在电子商务中的运用与研究

影响我国现代电子商务发展瓶颈问题是网上购物的结算,结合现今国际电子商务行为的方式方法,如何利用相关电子支付技术,实现网上购物与实时支付等问题,是实现网上购物与实时支付的关键所在。     

资源型城市可持续发展的法律支持

目前,我国资源型城市可持续发展立法存在的问题,主要体现缺乏矿产资源保护的单项立法,矿产资源环境监管立法体制不佳,采矿权人、探矿权人的监督制度不健全,法条笼统可操作性差、法律制度空白点多等方面。加强资源型城市可持续发展的立法,要坚持可持续发展的原则,开展矿产资源的专项立法和地方立法,强化资源型城市环保立法措施,改革矿产资源管理体制,坚持依法行政,加大执法力度。     

产权和契约理论研究评述

产权的界定是契约的基本内容,契约效率体现为对产权的界定是否合理。经典的产权理论和契约理论对组织的形态和交易的边界进行了解释。产权之所以重要,在于它能给人们提供一个稳定的可预期的经济收益,剩余索取权成为其研究的出发点和归宿。契约理论研究产权,是从实际控制权出发,因为不管实际控制权来源于什么,它的配置结构会影响事后契约双方在争取剩余索取权上的谈判能力,特别是在契约不完备、第三方无法实施的条件下,它成为决定契约能否低成本实施的制度保障,从而特别强调事后治理机制的重要性。     

An evolutionary perspective of opportunism in high-technology alliance: the evidence from South Korean companies

Adopting an evolutionary perspective, we introduce an alternative approach to the opportunism in strategic alliance where the accumulated risks during alliance operation lead to opportunism in alliance. To examine this process, a total of 358 employees from South Korean firms in the high technology sector completed a survey on opportunism in strategic alliance, measuring each firm's perceived risks on the relational and operational issues in alliance and their antecedents and outcomes. Key results show that perceived risks on the relationship between alliance partners cause a passive type of opportunism, whereas perceived risks both on the relationship between alliance partners and on the achievement of alliance objectives cause an active type of opportunism. Specifically, cultural difference showed the largest influence on relational risks, whereas issues in equity involvement showed the largest influence on performance risk. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications on the opportunism management in strategic alliance are discussed.     

众包模式下顾客参与、顾客互动和新产品价值

将众包模式下顾客参与划分为合作众包模式下顾客参与和竞争众包模式下顾客参与两个关键维度,确定顾客互动之人际互动、人机互动的重要维度构成,构建众包模式下顾客参与直接影响新产品价值,以及通过顾客互动的中介效应间接影响新产品价值的理论模型。实证检验结果表明：合作众包模式下顾客参与、竞争众包模式下顾客参与对新产品价值的积极影响都显著;人际互动在合作众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值的关系中起完全中介效应,但在竞争众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值的关系中无中介效应;人机互动在竞争众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值关系中的部分中介效应显著,但在合作众包模式下顾客参与影响新产品价值关系中的中介效应不显著。     

Board experience and value creation in cross-border acquisitions: The role of acquirer and target country institutions

Our study investigates the effects of board acquisition experience on value creation in cross-border acquisitions and the dependence of this relationship on acquirer and target country institutions. We draw on cross-border acquisition research and institution-based corporate governance research to argue that the effect of board acquisition experience depends on the institutional characteristics of the acquirer and target countries and on cultural differences between these two countries. Based on 1775 cross-border acquisitions of U.S. and European acquirers, we show a positive effect of board acquisition experience on the announcement returns of cross-border acquisitions, which is even stronger when the target country’s takeover regulations are less friendly and when the target and acquirer countries are culturally more distant.     

Explaining the joint effect of source credibility and negativity of information in two‐sided messages

By referring to different stages of an attribution process, this study examines how source credibility effects and opposing effects of negative information in two‐sided messages can be disentangled. The findings show that disclosure uniqueness (i.e., whether disclosures in a two‐sided message are given voluntarily or not) leads to both inferences on source credibility and inferences on product uniqueness. The inference on product uniqueness requires more cognitive effort on the part of the consumer than the inference on source credibility. Therefore, the effects of disclosures in two‐sided messages on brand attitudes depend on the cognitive load of consumers. Consumers make either an inference on the source or on both the source and the product. The results add to previous attribution research and the two‐sided message literature, showing that consumers under cognitive load can fail to make inferences on negative brand attributes in two‐sided messages. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

跨国反向服务外包模式对制造业生产率影响的比较研究

本文结合2002~2011年制造业16个行业的投入产出面板数据,深入比较研究跨国反向服务外包3种模式,即跨国反向信息技术外包、跨国反向业务流程外包和跨国反向知识流程外包对制造业生产率的影响。这3种模式对当前制造业生产率均为负向影响,且跨国反向信息技术外包对生产率负向影响最小,跨国反向知识流程外包对生产率负向影响最大;3种模式对未来生产率的负向影响程度均会减弱,且跨国反向信息技术外包减弱程度最大,跨国反向知识流程外包减弱程度最小;这3种模式中,跨国反向知识流程外包投入变化对生产率变化呈正向显著影响,其他两种模式投入变化对生产率变化呈负向不显著影响。     

区域差异、民生支出与居民消费:理论与实证

本文在最优消费行为理论分析框架下,考虑我国区域差异中城乡居民消费的特点,将政府民生支出引入消费函数进行理论分析,并利用中国1997-2009年的面板数据,对政府民生支出与居民消费进行实证检验。研究结果表明,政府民生支出与居民消费存在正向关系;政府民生支出对农村居民消费的影响大于对城镇居民消费的影响;政府民生支出对农村居民消费的影响表现为中西部地区大于东部地区;各地区居民收入对消费的影响大于民生支出对消费的影响。因此,今后政府民生支出应向农村居民尤其是中西部地区农村倾斜,以促进居民消费的稳定增长。     

The Sensitivity of the General Price Level to Changes in the Price of Crude Oil

There are many direct and indirect effects of changing crude oil prices on the inflation rate, so it is not surprising that there are different views about the resulting effects on the general price level and also on other aspects of the general economy. This study, estimates the direct and indirect effects of oil price changes on the economy-wide rate of inflation, which then has effects on spending and producing decisions. However, in this forum, we do not try to estimate the full indirect effects on the level of economic activity, such as effects on real GDP. JEL Classification E310, E370     

政治关系与民营企业的首次公开发行市场准入

本文对中国转轨背景下民营企业的政治关系与民营企业的首次公开发行市场准入关系进行了实证分析,实证研究结果发现:在股票发行核准制下,一方面,第一大股东的所有权属性对拟发行人是否通过发行审核没有显著影响,我国资本市场准入的"所有制歧视"有所缓解;另一方面,民营企业的政治关系影响民营企业首次公开发行市场的准入,具有政治关系的拟发行人更可能通过股票发行审核。     

韶关交通枢纽建设在经济发展中的作用分析

本文首先对交通枢纽建设在经济发展影响中的作用进行理论分析,然后利用定量分析方法对韶关交通枢纽建设在经济发展中的作用进行了实证分析。分析表明:韶关交通运输业对经济发展的推动作用还不够大、韶关经济发展对交通运输业的拉动作用高于对各产业的平均影响水平,这说明韶关交通运输业已成为韶关经济发展的瓶颈产业。