见义勇为行为补偿与激励的经济分析

补偿和激励见义勇为有多种方式,目前,我国对见义勇为行为的补偿和激励并无统一观点。通过界定见义勇为行为,在分析其产生生理资本性成本、人力资本性成本、社会资本性成本的基础上,构建了补偿和激励两个计量模型。运用货币手段对见义勇为行为进行补偿和激励,以期更好地解决见义勇为者的后顾之忧,鼓励人们见义勇为。     

Erratum to “Negotiation and take it or leave it in common agency”: [Journal of Economic Theory 111 (2003) 88-109]

The no-externalities condition provided in the text is not sufficient for Theorems 3 and 4 when effort is not fully contractable. In the case where the principals cannot contract at all on agent's effort, the condition in the text requires that for any set of alternatives offered by the principal there is one that is at least as good as all other alternatives in the set for the agent no matter what the other principal does, no matter what effort the agent takes, and no matter what the agent's type. In fact, a stronger condition is required. For any set of alternatives offered by a principal, each of the choices within this set that is at least as good for the agent as any other choice within the set must remain so no matter what actions the other principals take, no matter what effort the agent takes, and no matter what the agent's type.     

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NAURU1

The rent of land, therefore, considered as the price paid for the vise of the land, is naturally a monopoly price. It is not at all proportioned to what the landlord may have laid out upon the improvement of the land, or to what he can afford to take, but to what the farmer can afford to give.     

Nowcasting Key Australian Macroeconomic Variables

Forecasts are relied upon as a guide to what future outcomes for the economy might be. However, it is also important to estimate what is happening in the economy now or has taken place in the recent past. This is where ‘nowcasts’ come in. In this article, I describe what nowcasting is, why it can be a useful tool for macroeconomists as well as present daily nowcasts of key Australian macroeconomic variables, including GDP growth, inflation and the unemployment rate.     

从书面语的内在特征看ISO9000的局限性

ISO9000质量管理体系以书面语为运行载体,“写你所做的,做你所写的”是它的1：2号。这一口号给人三种错觉,一是以为我们可以把自己的所做都写下来,二是以为我们的所写能与我们的所做一一对应,三是以为在书面语面前人人平等。事实上,“所做”指“动作”,“所写”是书面语,两者属于不同的范畴。我们不可能把“所做的”都变成“所写的”,也不可能完全按照“所写的”去做。工作中的书面语不可能处于社会关系的真空中,不可能不负载关于人际关系的内容。     

The Principles of Economics Course: A Historical Perspective

The author's research provides an amusing and thoughtful account of what has happened to the teaching of the beginning course in economics over the past century and should cause the profession to reflect upon what is known for sure about the relative effectiveness of various methods of presenting the subject to students. As one example, what is the role of close personal contact between teacher and student (as indicated by class size) in providing a favorable environment for learning the art and/or the science of economics?     

Nonmarket benefits of nature: What should be counted in green GDP?

Green gross domestic product (green GDP) is meant to account for nature's value on an equal footing with the market economy. Several problems bedevil green GDP, however. One is that nature does not come prepackaged in units like cars, houses, and bread. Even worse, green GDP requires measurement of the benefits arising from public goods provided by nature for which there are no market indicators of value. So what should green GDP count? That is the subject of this paper. Ecological and economic theories are used to describe what should be counted—and what should not—if green GDP is to account for the nonmarket benefits of nature.     

The Future of Banking: A Survey

The paper examines the prospects for banking. After a brief appraisal of the knowledge available at the time of the Wallis Inquiry in 1997, attention is directed to issues associated with asymmetric information and then technology. The former explains predominant influences in banking while the second is devoted to exploring what technological innovation is about and what this means for business operations. Attention then turns to the various functions which can be used to explain and define what banks are about. Most recent empirical evidence is assessed to establish the latest results about banking business. These are then used in conjunction with information and technology to derive a series of themes about future prospects.     

Teaching Economics to Undergraduates in Europe: Volume,Structure, and Contents

The structure and contents of undergraduate programs in economics and management sciences differ among the major European universities. Based on analyses of curriculums, course syllabuses, and adopted textbooks, the author looks at how much time is spent in pertinent programs, how time is allocated among different courses within programs, what common thematic denominators exist, and finally and most importantly, whether and in what way content taught in micro and macro courses differs. Based on examinations of how the coverage in major textbooks has evolved through successive editions, he also looks for trends and cycles in what is taught in undergraduate micro and macroeconomics.     

Working with nurse educators' collective wisdom: implications for recruitment and retention

Very few studies have been undertaken to consider the impact of nurse education environments on faculty retention and recruitment at a time when numbers of nursing faculty are falling to significantly low levels. The purpose of this article is to deconstruct nurse educators' experience, illuminate what nurse educators think is important to a quality work environment, and offer some critical questions that lead to the potential for change. The findings of this study suggest recruitment and retention of nurse educators are best addressed by a critical reexamination of organizations. Paying attention to what nurse educators believe is a quality work environment is a starting point for the process of deconstruction and reconstruction. This study contains compelling information that speaks to nurse educators' experience in what they believe is important in their workplace.     

Guidelines For Pre-College Economics Education: A Critique

While economists of all persuasions undoubtedly agree that universal economic literacy would be desirable, there appears to be substantial disagreement over what economic literacy is, what problems most need to be addressed, and how they can best be solved. These differences are clearly reflected in their diverse views as to what the goals should be for teaching economics in secondary schools. This paper specifically examines the recommendations offered in a paper on economic content standards by leaders of the economic education movement in the U.S. and finds them seriously wanting.     

Using diagnostic clusters to evaluate patterns of treatment and develop capitation rates

Payers and providers of medical services need to understand what is effective in medical care and what determines patient outcomes. The diagnostic cluster methodology offers a way to analyze physicians' overall practice patterns in treating a specific medical condition and provides a good foundation for performing medical outcomes studies.     

中原崛起战略与河南农民工社会保障的关联性分析

中原崛起战略是建立和完善河南农民工社会保障机制的前提和基础,河南农民工社会保障机制的建立和完善又是实施中原崛起战略的重要举措和手段,二者体现着明显的正相应关联。中原崛起战略的实现是在市场经济框架下进行的,贯彻的是市场经济的原则,追求的是经济效益最大化的价值取向;而河南农民工社会保障的建立与完善是在国家和政府的强力作用下进行的,贯彻的是社会利益至上的原则,追求的是社会效益最大化的价值取向。价值取向的不同决定了二者运行模式必然遵循不同的路径,也决定了二者在运行过程中超过度的界限,必然产生负相应关联。     

非物质文化遗产是重要的区域旅游资源

非物质文化遗产的开发、利用和保护,引起人们越来越多的关注,但非物质文化遗产的内涵到底应怎样理解,在对非物质文化遗产的开发、利用和保护时应当遵循什么基本原则,它与区域旅游资源的内在联系具体表现在哪些层面,对这些问题的探索和思考便是本文试图着力解决的问题。     

Economic policy making in evolutionary perspective

Economic policy making is discussed from three different angles: the political economy of actual policy making (“what policy does do”), the analysis of policy instruments for given ends (“what policy could do”), and the debate on policy goals and their legitimization (“what policy ought to do”). Center stage in the evolutionary perspective is new, positive and normative knowledge which is unfolding during the policy making process and in its aftermath. It is argued that this implies regularities and constraints which extend and modify the comparative-static interpretations of public choice theory, economic policy making theory, and social philosophy. RID="*" ID="*" The author should like to thank three anonymous referees of this journal and the editor for helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper.     

The crisis,Fed, Quants and stochastic optimal control

The Dodd–Frank (D–F) Financial Reform Bill authorizes the Federal Reserve to monitor the financial services marketplace to identify potential threats to the stability of the US financial system. Alan Greenspan's retrospective indicates what he has learned from the crisis. He argues that the crisis, the housing price bubble, was unpredictable and unavoidable. Greenspan now focuses on desirable capital requirements, or leverage, for banks and financial intermediaries. I explain why the Fed's and Greenspan's views stem from a lack of the appropriate tools of analysis of what is an excessive debt or leverage. The Quants who devised the highly leveraged financial derivatives ignored systemic risk.My theme is that the application of stochastic optimal control (SOC) is an effective approach to implement what the D–F bill is authorizing. I explain: first, what is the optimal capital requirement/leverage that balances expected return against risk. Second, what is a theoretically derived early warning signal of a crisis. Third, I derive an excess debt ratio, equal to the difference between the actual and optimal ratios. The probability of a debt crisis is directly related to the excess debt ratio. The excess debt ratio starting from 2004–05 indicated that a crisis was most likely. The Fed should use this SOC analysis in implementing the Dodd–Frank bill.     

Fiscal catastrophe.

The revolt against the catastrophic care law may be less important for what it says about a troubled program than for what it may mean for financing of unmet needs.     

Session-effects in the laboratory

In experimental economics, where subjects participate in different sessions, observations across subjects of a given session might exhibit more correlation than observations across subjects in different sessions. The main goal of this paper is to clarify what are session-effects: what can cause them, what forms they can take, and what are the potential problems. It will be shown that standard solutions are at times inadequate, and that their properties are sometimes misunderstood.     

行为金融学基本问题

本文旨在论证基于有限理性能力的金融资产预期定价,这是行为金融学的基本问题.这里提供的论证,与以往发表的金融学和经济学文献不同,它遵循学术史的逻辑,首先界定经济学、金融学和行为学的基本问题,其次界定行为金融学基本问题,最后讨论行为金融学应当具有的研究框架.     

美国科技创新体系中的政府作用

任何国家的制度创建过程中,我们都不能否认政府所发挥的强大作用,国家科技创新体系的建立和完善也不例外.美国作为当今世界的头号科技强国.政府在建立国家科技创新体系的过程中发挥了怎样的作用.以何种方式发挥这些作用?对这一问题的探索对于正在推动科技自主创新、完善科技制度建设的中国来说具有重要的意义.