FTA战略下韩国的贸易调整援助制度及启示

韩国的贸易调整援助制度为适应本国FTA发展战略、应对贸易自由化对竞争弱势产业产生的冲击而建立。文章通过对其制度内容的解析,发现该制度具有援助范围全面、援助目标明确、贸易调整措施多元化、操作方式灵活及运行制度规范等特点;在实施效果的评价上,发现该制度虽然对企业的援助效果不尽明显,但是对农渔业人等的援助力度突出,它对于提高韩国的产业竞争力、平稳实现产业结构升级、保障国民经济稳定发展发挥了重要作用。     

New firm formation in Italian industry: 1985–89

This paper deals with the process of new firm formation in Italian manufacturing industry during the second half of the 1980s. For this purpose we use the data base made available by the National Institute of Social Security, which provides information on both newly and already established firms with at least one employee. Two birth rates are computed and analysed for the relevant industries: the first one is the ratio between new enterprises and already established firms and the second is the share of new enterprises on industry employees. We show that Italian industries are characterized by marked differences in terms of birth rates but also that the ranking of industries is different by using the first or the second index of new firm formation. Looking at the determinants of this process, we found that industry growth affects positively both birth rates; small firm presence is effective only when the second index of new firm formation is used while inter-industry differences in profitability are always not significant. These results seem peculiar to the Italian case in which the size of newly established firms is very small in comparison with the size of previously existing firms.     

Using an Intelligent Database in the Classroom

This article presents the use, in a classroom setting, of a computer program containing a database of international market information. This program, the Country Consultant, utilizes artificial intelligence techniques for evaluating potential international markets for various industries. The article discusses issues of market selection, concentrating on the information needs for this task. Then the Country Consultant is described, including its conceptual structure and inferencing capabilities. Finally, we discuss the ways inwhich Country Consultant has been used in university-level international marketing classes, and the benefits that can be gained from its us     

Credit constraints and firm export: Microeconomic evidence from Italy

This paper estimates the impact of credit rationing on firms' export. We use detailed survey data from Italian manufacturing firms that provide a firm-specific measure of credit rationing based directly on firms' responses to the survey rather than indirectly on firms' financial statements. After controlling for productivity and other relevant firm attributes, and accounting for the endogeneity of credit rationing, we find that the probability of exporting is 39% lower for rationed firms and that rationing reduces foreign sales by more than 38%. While credit rationing also appears to depress domestic sales, its impact on foreign sales is significantly stronger. The analysis also suggests that credit rationing is an obstacle to export especially for firms operating in high-tech industries and in industries that heavily rely on external finance.     

Greenhouse gas emissions trading in the European Union — Background and implementation of a “new” climate policy instrument

Conclusions  The EU ETS is a grandiose experiment that could pave the way for the EU becoming a pioneer in market mechanisms to counter global change. The speed of its implementation has surprised seasoned observers of Brussels decision processes. However, a timid approach to the national allocation of allowances could reduce the credibility of the instrument and prevent learning that will be crucial for later, deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, it will reduce the private sector acquisition of emission credits from the CDM which is necessary to embark on a global strategy for emissions reduction. A short-term bow to powerful interest groups from sunset industries risks shutting off the way forward for the sunrise industries that will grow on mitigating global climate change.     

环境规制对产业区际转移的影响--基于污染密集型产业的研究

文章在区分正式环境规制与非正式环境规制的基础上,分析了环境规制影响产业区际转移的理论机制,进而选取2003－2013年中国30个省份的面板数据进行了实证研究,并运用门槛回归模型研究了环境规制影响产业转移的门槛特征与空间异质性。研究结果表明,正式环境规制对污染密集型产业的区际转移有显著的影响,且随着正式环境规制强度的提高,会对污染密集型产业区际转移产生先抑制后促进的作用,验证了两者之间存在门槛特征和空间异质性。非正式环境规制整体上推动了污染密集型产业的区际转移,显现了非正式规制的经济效应。     

麻痹性贝类毒素检测能力验证结果分析

通过麻痹性贝类毒素检测能力验证计划的实施,对全国8省（直辖市）6行业的30个参试实验室的检测结果进行了系统评价和分析,了解和掌握了国内实验室在该检测领域的技术水平,明确了对试验结果产生影响的重要因素,促进和提高了相关实验室试验结果的准确性,为实验室认可、国际互认检测结果和领导决策提供了有力的技术数据。     

中国反倾销实施中的产业关联研究:以聚氯乙烯案为例

当反倾销涉案产品是一种中间产品时,反倾销措施不仅对涉案产业自身,而且对其上下游产业也会产生关联性影响。这种关联影响由于涉案产业的国内自给能力、上游产业的进口依赖程度,以及下游产业成本上升情况而有较为复杂的表现。本文以我国聚氯乙烯反倾销案为例,讨论反倾销措施的产业关联影响,评价其有效性。     

建立东亚自由贸易区的中国经济效应研究——基于GTAP模型的实证分析

区域经济一体化在经济全球化的大背景下加速发展,东亚地区为世界上最活跃的经济区域之一。论文应用全球贸易分析(GTAP)模型实证模拟东亚地区建立自由贸易区(FTA)后的经济变化,研究建立东亚自由贸易区后对中国及世界经济的影响。研究结果表明:(1)东亚各成员国之间具有经济互补性,合作前景广阔,建立自由贸易区将有力地改善东亚地区的社会福利,同时区域成员之间也具有贸易创造效应。(2)中国各个产业均会受到不同程度的冲击,中国应重点关注在矿产及资源类、纺织品、电子类及制造业等领域所带来的负面效应。     

Potato Production and Farm Price Responses in Northeastern America

The potato industries in Northeastern America (including Maine, Prince Edward Island (P. E. I.), New Brunswick, and Quebec) have undergone structural changes over the past few decades. The most notable change was the continuing shift in potato production from Maine to P. E. I. Using data between 1980 and 2005, this study assessed the price impact of changes in production across the four potato-producing areas in the Northeast. The study found that production change in P. E. I. has the largest impact on its own price, supporting P. E. I.’s leading role in reducing potato production in the region. The estimation result of the price response model in the study also indicates that growers in other producing areas in the region will also benefit from P. E. I.’s acreage reduction program.     

Family firms and internationalization: An exploratory study on high-tech entrepreneurial ventures

This paper empirically explores a highly relevant, although poorly investigated topic: internationalization of family firms that operate in high-tech industries. Specifically, we compare internationalization of family and nonfamily entrepreneurial ventures in these industries. Relying on prior studies on internationalization of family firms, we speculate on how the specificities of high-tech industries shape the advantages and disadvantages of family entrepreneurial ventures in pursuing internationalization as compared with their nonfamily peers. In the empirical part of the paper, through a rigorous quantitative analysis of unique data from 264 Italian high-tech entrepreneurial ventures, we explore whether in high-tech industries family entrepreneurial ventures are more (or less) likely to pursue internationalization than their nonfamily counterparts. Surprisingly enough, our econometric estimates indicate that, in high-tech industries, family entrepreneurial ventures exhibit a higher internationalization propensity than their nonfamily peers.     

The Economic Significance of the Film Business: An Empirical Analysis of the Italian Market

Most studies indicate Hollywood's economic and financial leadership in the movie markets from the 1910s onward. There is a shortfall in the literature concerning the analysis of the efficacy of other minor film industries. This article examines the Italian film industry in the 1990s and beginning of the twenty‐first century. The research suggests that the Italian film industry is very risky and unpredictable, but while the extreme uncertainty surrounding the business is offset by the considerable economic success that Hollywood movies achieve at the box office, as indicated by previous literature contributions, a different business scenario emerges in Italy. The value of this article is first represented by the data used—provided by the Osservatorio of Cinecittà—which is unique and has not been published before. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Impact of the supplier certification program in US firms

The supplier certification program has been expanding in recent years in US industries, as they attempt to gain a competitive edge in the world market. The supplier certification program seeks to improve quality and on-time delivery, to share technology, to establish a long-term and stable relationship with a few suppliers, and to reduce cost. This study investigates whether the supplier certification program is effective or not. The survey responses from 328 eastern and mid-western manufacturing firms indicate that the program has a significant impact on quality, on-time delivery, cooperation and price.     

Startup Size and Pre‐Entry Experience: New Evidence from Italian New Manufacturing Ventures

The paper studies the nonlinear effects of the different types of founders' pre‐entry experience on startup size. Our empirical data consists of 3,456 Italian new ventures in 20 industries. We find that the presence of industry‐specific experience and entrepreneurial experience have a positive effect on startup size while generic experience does not exert any effect on startup size. Moreover, we find that industry‐specific experience has positive but diminishing returns on startup size up to a point where additional amounts of experience have negative effects on startup size (inversed U‐shaped relationship).     

Consumers' Perception and Evaluation of Fresh Cut Buying Attributes: A Survey on the Italian Market

Abstract

During the last twenty years, consumer choice in high income countries is no longer merely dictated by price and the organoleptic characteristics of a product, but also by other features some of which are not patently tangible. The growing importance of such attributes in the process of consumer choice is not only due to income increase, but also to changes in lifestyle such as migrations from the countryside, a generalized urbanization and consequential city life style, female emancipation and work outside the domestic walls for women, the drastic decrease in hard physical labor and the process of internationalization. The present survey study aims to explore the importance that Italian consumers give to fresh cut buying attributes and which of these attributes should be taken into consideration by industries in order to satisfy the needs of the most critical shoppers. Where possible, market and survey data for fresh cut products will be compared with those for cooked products and before presenting the results and conclusions of the study, the technical issues of processing will be highlighted owing to the fact that they affect the marketing of these products, the recent market situation with regard to consumption will be illustrated and the methodology used will be described.     

European Community Merger Control in the Service Industries

This article examines the application of the EC Merger Regulation to service industries in the light of the 50 final decisions relating to services taken in its first two years of operation. These cases generally raised few competition concerns and only one (Accor/Wagons-Lits) has led to full proceedings. However they have raised important questions about the calculation of turnover, definition of control and treatment of joint ventures as well as uncertainties about jurisdiction. An understanding of the Commission's evolving policy will be of increasing importance as service industries internationalise, especially if thresholds for investigation are eventually lowered as the Commission has proposed.     

不完全竞争、贸易与资源配置扭曲

传统理论认为,随着全球化的深入,市场竞争加强,垄断程度会越来越低,因此当市场处于开放的状态下,贸易被认为能够帮助纠正垄断定价带来的资源配置扭曲。然而数据显示,行业间和地区间的成本加成异质性随着时间增长在不断扩大,贸易使垄断力量差异变大。由于行业进入壁垒不同,贸易对竞争程度不同的行业影响不同,进入壁垒低的行业由于更易于参与贸易,成本加成相比于进入壁垒高的行业进一步降低,这也预示着各行业间的成本加成差别将会变大,资源配置扭曲的程度加深。本文试图建立一个包含不完全竞争的一般均衡模型,说明开放部分行业的贸易政策会导致福利损失,而市场进入壁垒的消除能纠正不对称贸易自由化造成的资源配置扭曲。     

Did Italy Need More Labour Flexibility?

The dramatic impact of the 2008 crisis on the Italian economy led to policy responses including structural reforms and labour market liberalisation to reverse the worrisome output and employment trends. A key action by the Italian government, the evocatively named Jobs Act of 2014, has deeply changed Italian industrial relations. The Jobs Act has introduced a new contract type that substantially limits workers’ rights to reinstatement in case of fi rms invalidly fi ring them. This article frames the Jobs Act within the overall liberalisation process begun in Italy in the 1990s, providing an initial evaluation of its impacts. Using detailed data sources, we show that the expected boost in employment cannot be detected, the share of temporary contracts over open-ended ones has increased and the number of part-time contracts has risen. This evidence suggests that the Jobs Act is failing to achieve its main goals.     

Technology-Based Entrepreneurs: Does Internet Make a Difference?

This paper is an empirical analysis of the personal characteristics of Italian high-tech entrepreneurs. We analyze differences in the characteristics of founders according to the sector of operation of the start-up. In particular, we investigate whether entrepreneurs in Internet related activities differ from those operating in other ICT industries (especially in manufacturing). For this purpose, we analyze a sample composed of 246 entrepreneurs that between 1984 and 1999 established 116 new firms that operate in ICT manufacturing and service industries and are located in Northern Italy. The findings highlight that Internet entrepreneurs generally are younger and less educated (especially in technical fields) than the other sample founders. They quite often are at their first professional experience; if they have prior working experience, it generally is in unrelated industries. Such findings are related to evolutionary theories that emphasize the role of the nature of technical change and of the stage of the industry life cycle in influencing the characteristics and behavior of new firms and their founders.     

流通产业的投资运行及其机理特征

不同产业部门的资金或技术的进入门槛、生产经营的对象性以及资产的专用性等,均在不同程度和范围内规定着其不同的投资运行机理,流通产业不同于其他产业的各种规定性,通常反映或对应于其特定的投资运行机理之中。本文在简要分析流通产业投资运行机理的基础上,以投资传导循环流为分析框架,着重从投资的程序、原则和融资渠道等方面对我国流通产业投资运行的机理特征进行了分析。本文的主旨是希望通过对这些机理及其特征的分析,为进一步研究流通产业的投资运行提供一个可供学术界深入探讨的分析点。