Credit derivatives with multiple debt issues

We evaluate the most actively traded types of credit derivatives within a unified pricing framework that allows for multiple debt issues. Since firms default on all of their obligations, total debt is instrumental in the likelihood of default and therefore in credit derivatives valuation. We use a single factor interest rate model where the exponential default frontier is based on total debt and is made coherent with observed bond prices. Analytical formulae are derived for credit default swaps, total return swaps (both fixed-for-fixed and fixed-for-floating), and credit risk options (CROs). Price behaviors and hedging properties of all these credit derivatives are investigated. Simulations document that credit derivatives prices may be significantly affected by terms of debt other than those of the reference obligation. The analysis of CROs indicates their superior ability to fine-tune the hedging of magnitude and arrival risks of default.     

审计国际化进程中的十大难题

随着全球经济一体化进程的加快,世界范围内的兼并浪潮一浪高过一浪,跨国公司正以前所未有的态势在世界经济舞台上大显身手,国际资本的频繁流动更进一步加快了金融市场的国际化进程.     

Practical issues to consider when working with big data

Review of Accounting Studies - Increasing access to alternative or “big data” sources has given rise to an explosion in the use of these data in economics-based research. However, in...     

Long-run performance of Spanish seasoned equity issues with rights

This paper analyzes the long-run effect on shareholders' wealth and firms' operating performance of the right offering decision in Spain. The evidence shows that the stock price of firms' issuing rights substantially underperform the different benchmarks employed. It has also been observed that these companies experience a decrease in accounting profitability for some pre- to postissue periods. An excessive optimism about the long-term prospects of equity issuers could explain these results.     

推进信贷资产证券化需进一步探索的几个问题

当前,我国信贷资产证券化虽然仍处于试点阶段,但是推进力度正在加大。为在进一步加强风险防控的同时调动金融机构参与资产证券化活动的积极性,文章围绕“选择什么样的证券化基础资产”“发起机构应留多大比例的次级档资产支持证券”“怎样拓宽资产证券化产品的投资者范围”等现实问题展开深入探讨,就进一步推动资产证券化市场活跃发展、助力经济结构调整提出相关政策建议。     

人民币国际化的政策难点及对策建议

人民币国际化成绩斐然,但在人民币跨境资金流动模式、离岸市场人民币保值增值、资金回流内地渠道等方面仍面临一定的政策难点。推进人民币汇率形成机制改革,有序拓宽资金回流渠道,大力推进香港离岸人民币市场建设是解决目前诸多难点的关键所在。     

New debt issues and earnings management

We empirically examine the influence and effects of real earnings management (REM) procedures on the debt market by investigating the bond rating and actual market price of a firm's new debt offerings. Extant research provides conflicting representations concerning the effects of REM techniques on equity shareholders and debt market participants. Our results indicate a negative association between all three REM manipulation methods and perceived credit risk resulting in a lower bond rating, and higher market yield of the firm's debt at issuance. Additional analyses exploring the use of REM techniques to achieve analyst's earnings forecasts indicates that this negative effect is particularly significant for firms who only achieve the earnings forecast by utilizing REM methods. Our research adds to the literature by empirically describing the effects of REM techniques on new debt issuances, and contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of engaging in real earnings management to achieve known targets.     

International market segmentation and Eurodebt issues

Implications of capital market segmentation for international capital structure (ICS)—capital structure consisting of equity issued in one country and debt issued in another—are examined. Necessary conditions for the emergence of ICS are analyzed under two options for debt issues (foreign debt and Eurodebt) and comparisons are made. It is shown that in cases where the project cannot support an ICS including foreign debt Eurobonds can be issued and would be profitable.     

注册会计师承担破产管理人实务操作若干问题

《中华人民共和国企业破产法》(以下简称新破产法)已由第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十三次会议于2006年8月27日通过,并已于今年6月1日起正式实施。新破产法和旧破产法比较,最大的特点之一,就是在新破产法中,创建了专业化、市场化的管理人制度。管理人可以由有关部门、机构的人员组成的清算组或者依法设立的律师事务所、会     

Security transaction taxes: issues and evidence

In reaction to the financial crisis, increased attention has recently been given to security transaction taxes (STTs) as a means of (1)?raising revenue for a variety of possible purposes and/or (2)?helping to curb financial market excesses. This paper reviews existing theory and evidence on the efficacy of an STT in fulfilling those tasks, on its potential impact, and on key issues to be faced in designing taxes of this kind.     

Corporate leverage and growth the game-theoretic issues

The equilibrium value of a levered firm facing growth opportunities is shown to involve the valuation of a lottery over (cooperative) games rather than a lottery over specific monetary outcomes. In the absence of assumptions about negotiating risk, the value of the firm's claims is seen to be ambiguous even with zero transactions costs. This ambiguity is compounded if the core of the game is empty. This paper rationalizes specific financial instruments and institutions as means for attenuating negotiation costs and core existence problems. Furthermore, the valuation of these instruments requires determining the certainty-equivalent of a lottery over games.     

Product market advertising and new equity issues

We analyze the interaction between a firm's product market advertising and its corporate financing decisions. We consider a firm that faces asymmetric information in both the product and financial markets and that needs to raise external financing to fund its growth opportunity (new project). Any product market advertising undertaken by the firm is visible to the financial market as well. In equilibrium, the firm uses a combination of product market advertising, equity underpricing, and underfinancing (raising a smaller amount of external capital than the full information optimum) to convey its true product quality and the intrinsic value of its projects to consumers and investors. The following two predictions arise from our theoretical analysis for the relation between product market advertising and equity underpricing around new equity issues. First, firms choose a higher level of product market advertising when they are planning to issue new equity, compared with situations in which they have no immediate plans to do so. Second, product market advertising and equity underpricing are substitutes for a firm issuing new equity. We empirically test the above two predictions and find supporting evidence in the context of firms making initial public offerings and seasoned equity offerings.     

Revisiting corporate dividends and seasoned equity issues

Information signaling is regarded as an important motivating factor in corporate payout decisions, particularly with regard to cash dividends and the costly information signaling which they provide. Although Loderer and Mauer (1992) find little evidence to suggest that the announcements of firms’ equity offers are timed to arrive just after dividend declarations as a means of supporting the offer price. Using updated data, we determine that the dividend declaration does have a positive effect on the market reaction to equity offering announcements. We find that the abnormal returns from the announcement of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) were −1.45 per cent for those SEO firms which had already made dividend declarations, whereas the returns for those SEO firms where the equity issue did not immediately follow a dividend declaration were −1.83 per cent. In this study, we interpret the changes in the impact of the dividend declaration on the equity offering announcement using the ‘tax regulation hypothesis’ and the ‘information asymmetry hypothesis’, and find that while our empirical results provide strong support for the latter, they provide only weak support for the former.     

Evaluating fund capacity: issues and methods

We examine the issues and methods involved in evaluating the size that an equity fund might attain before it becomes unable to create additional value for investors. We discuss how capacity is defined, identify ten drivers and outline methods for conducting capacity analysis. We detail models that predict capacity, assuming that a fund adjusts the manner in which it trades and constructs portfolios as funds under management grow. We also provide an overview of transaction cost modelling, which is integral to predicting capacity. This study is primarily intended as an aid for investment industry participants who wish to evaluate the capacity associated with a given investment signal.     

Pediatric issues in underwriting

Mortality risk assessment of juvenile life insurance applicants with impairments can be challenging. Advances in neonatal care means more premature infants will survive into childhood and adulthood with attendant respiratory and neurologic disorders. The degree of neonatal lung disease and length of ventilator support are factors that help to separate out more favorable risks. Autism and other developmental disorders have diverse presentations, but in the absence of other neurologic conditions risks are generally limited to accidents. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder without accompanying conduct disorder are less likely to have problems with drug abuse. Impaired pediatric lives mortality patterns depend on whether accidental death predominates.     

Underpricing of seasoned issues

In this paper we provide a model of the underwritten offerings of new shares of seasoned securities. Our purpose is to explain why the offering price chosen by the underwriter is lower than the market price of the firm's shares. Our model recognizes the interdependence between the markets surrounding the announcement and sale of the new issue and recognizes as well the effect which asymmetric information regarding investor demands has upon the prices in these markets.     

Maidum's challenge,legal and governance issues in dealing with cross-border business enterprise group insolvencies

Maidum was an early Egyptian pyramid, the first attempt to build a true pyramid; but it suffered a spectacular collapse. In many jurisdictions, corporate structures are pyramidal in shape, with related enterprises conducting business in multiple jurisdictions. Where such structures financially collapse, creditors of different entities within a business enterprise group compete for limited assets that may or may not be located in the entity in which they have advanced credit and thus have claims. This article discusses the challenges posed by cross-border business enterprise group insolvency and the range of procedural mechanisms that may be available to protect creditors' claims, articulating broad principles that should be considered in such cases. The choice of cooperation and coordination mechanism is driven in part by whether the particular jurisdiction emphasizes liquidation or restructuring as the objective of the insolvency proceeding. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.