城市发展对居住水平提高的绩效研究

城市居住水平提高是当前我国城市发展中面临的重要任务。城市发展带来居住水平提高,在不同城市间是有差异的。本文旨在运用DEA数据包络分析法,针对21世纪以来中国主要城市的发展水平与居住水平提高的实际绩效水平对比分析,从不同城市情况的比较分析中总结出问题及其形成原因,以期对城市的发展决策具有借鉴价值。     

区块链的应用对企业绩效的影响——基于区块链概念的上市公司分析

新时代是大数据的时代,各行各业均面临转型发展的难题,随着区块链发展的不断深化,其在生产领域的应用受到了国家的高度关注。文章选取了区块链概念板块中的249家上市企业,运用数据包络分析方法,探究区块链的应用对企业绩效造成的影响。研究发现,区块链应用于企业的生产经营领域,在总体上产生的效果是积极的,而造成部分企业低效率的主要原因是区块链技术与企业主营业务的关联度较低,如不加以矫正会对企业的经营发展造成负面冲击。因此,企业需要将区块链技术切实应用到主营业务中。同时,还需要政府给予更多的财政支持,银行给予更高额度的授信支持,并且监管层既要鼓励开源竞争,又要保护好研发专利。     

基于DEA的区域人力资本对创新绩效影响的评价研究

以区域创新理论和人力资本理论为基础,运用数据包络分析法（DEA）对我国30个省、自治区、直辖市的区域创新效率进行实证分析,从而间接实现对人力资本的评价。根据评价结果对我国各地区间的差异进行研究和解析,在此基础上提出相应对策建议。     

中国城市居住分异研究

对城市居住空间的研究是城市社会学的一个重要内容.自建国以来,我国城市居住空间经历了逐渐分异的历史变迁过程.如果不对居住分异加以适当的调控就会出现居住空间极化与隔离问题.城市居住空间极化是社会不公正在居住空间上的表现.城市政治经济转变与城市规划、土地制度改革与房地产开发、住房制度改革与住房商品化是转型过程中城市居住分异形成的三个主要原因.扩大中等收入群体规模、增加社会自组织力量、制定公正的社会政策是优化城市居住空间结构的有效途径.     

推进产业结构优化升级 提高城市发展水平

改革开放三十年来,我国城市得到迅速发展,城市化程度有了明显提高,但是,用什么标准或指标来衡量城市的发展水平呢？人们通常按人口数量、用地规模和经济总量,即GDP来评价。其实,衡量城市经济社会发展水平最重要或最核心的指标是城市产业结构。     

中国电力企业的绩效分析

本文采用数据包络分析方法(DEA)，利用1991年的中国燃煤基荷电厂的电厂级数据，对中国电力企业的发电绩效做了初步的分析。分析结果显示，在所有的成本无效率中，大约95％的成本无效率是由过度使用燃料引起的，其余的5％则是由过度的劳动力引起的，因此“减员增效”并不是提高电力工业效率的捷径。     

中国城市土地利用效率研究

基于Bootstrap-DEA方法,测算了2010年全国622个城市的土地利用效率,并分析其相关影响因素。结果表明：城市土地效率均值仅为0.371,整体偏低,内涵挖潜空间较大;土地利用效率在不同区域存在显著差异,东部最高,西部次之,中部最低;土地利用效率具有显著的规模递减效应,城市规模等级越高,利用效率越低; “土地招商”和“卖地财政”对土地利用效率有显著的负面影响。废除地方政府对土地资源配置的垄断,充分发挥土地市场功能,盘活存量土地,是破除城市化面临的土地约束的现实途径。     

DEA方法在城市经营效率分析中的应用

加快城市化建设是我国21世纪发展的伟大战略决策,是促进我国经济快速、健康、持续增长的重要动力,同时也是解决我国当前经济发展中一系列深层次矛盾和问题(特别是就业问题和三农问题)的重要途径.目前全国大、中、小城市都在快速加强自身建设,城市规模扩张很快.在这种形势下,有必要寻找一种评估城市建设是否有效的方法.本文以山东省17个市为例,运用DEA方法探讨城市经营效率的评估方法.     

DEA方法在供应链绩效评价中的应用

阐述了供应链绩效评价的特征及重要性。叙述了数据包络分析方法(DEA)方法的基本原理和模型,进而利用DEA中的C2R模型和C2GS2模型对供应链绩效进行评价分析。算例分析表明该方法可以有效地评价不同供应链体系的相对规模性和技术有效性,找出其非DEA有效的影响因素,并通过在生产前沿面上的投影分析,给出了改进措施。评价过程与结果均较客观、合理。     

我国城市增长绩效评价研究

本文采用DEA方法构建评价城市增长绩效的静态模型和动态模型,分析我国34个城市1992～2008年间城市增长的静态和动态绩效.根据非参数统计假设检验-Mann-Whitney U检验结果,2008年我国中部与西部地区的城市增长静态增长绩效并没有显著的差异,而西部、中部与东部地区均存在显著差异.从1992～2008年,我...     

基于DEA方法的城市更新绩效评价——以北京市原西城区为例

通过回顾北京市1980年代以来的旧城改造进程,从政策驱动的角度分析旧城区对改造的响应。采用多目标决策的数据包络分析方法,以北京市原西城区为例,对其旧城改造做出综合绩效评价。总体来看,北京原市西城区旧城改造综合绩效良好,只有少数几年的政策实施和相关投入与城市发展规律不相吻合。北京旧城改造各项法规的落实和各种经济投入,推动了旧城区经济的发展和旧城风貌的改变,但对社会空间结构优化和景观环境的作用比较微弱。     

城市基础设施综合绩效评价指标体系构建研究——以青岛市为例

在综合分析城市基础设施建设与运行特点及绩效评价内泥沙的基础上,构建了较为全面的城市基础设施综合绩效评价指标体系.指标体系由基础设施配置效应、经济效应、公平效应3大综合效应目标、七个专项系统目标和19个基础指标组成,采取主成分分析法和特尔菲法相结合的方法对指标进行数据处理,并以青岛市为案例进行了实证分析.     

Street Performance,Public Space,and the Boundaries of Urban Desirability: The Case of Living Statues in Barcelona

How do cities determine who has the right to station themselves in iconic public spaces? This article explores this question by analyzing the evolution of Barcelona's approach to regulating street performance, with a particular focus on regulations pertaining to ‘living statues’. Although most buskers have been expelled from the Ramblas, one of the city's most emblematic walkways, living statues remain permitted on the promenade. This, I argue, is due to the general embrace of statues as part of local tradition and their integration within city‐branding campaigns, as well as their own organizing and boundary work. As the image Barcelona seeks to cultivate has changed, however, the right of statues to station themselves in public space has become ever more tenuous. My findings speak to broader questions regarding how cities determine the boundaries of ‘urban desirability’, as well as why and how such boundaries change over time. They also elucidate the strategies that groups located at the margins employ in attempting to position themselves favorably in relation to such boundaries. More generally, they highlight how current approaches to analyzing urban inclusion and exclusion may benefit from a more sustained engagement with the burgeoning social scientific literature on symbolic boundaries.     

Evaluation of public HEI on teaching,research, and knowledge dissemination by Data Envelopment Analysis

Governmental policies, such as educational ones, require money from taxes to implement them. Therefore, a government must spend its resources in such a way to maximise the benefits. However, to evaluate the Public Higher Education Institutions (P–HEI) is a very complex task since many factors that can be assessed are involved. In this study, we focus on the performance of P–HEI in three activities: teaching, research, and knowledge dissemination. To accomplish this end, we develop a Data Envelopment Analysis Model to evaluate the efficiency of each activity, separately. Using an official database called ExECUM, we compute the efficiency of 40 Mexican P–HEI from year 2008–2016. The funds allocated for the government are an input in our study.According to our results, most P-HEIs are efficient in only one activity, while few are efficient in two activities. Only one P–HEI reached efficiency of 100% in the three models. On the other hand, 37.5% of the P–HEI do not reach 100% efficiency in any model. Our study provides the set of references for each P–HEI and the increments/decrements in the inputs and outputs to increase its efficiency.     

Analysis of Intertemporal Efficiency Trends Using Rank Statistics With an Application Evaluating the Macro Economic Performance of OECD Nations

This paper presents two applications of rank statistics to evaluate efficiency performance trends using productive efficiency measures derived through various Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. The paper starts with a discussion of the difficulties in obtaining consistent ranks from DEA efficiency ratings. Next, a procedure is proposed to identify intertemporal performance trends using any one of several possible efficiency measures. Another procedure is then developed to test the stability over time of the rank positions of the analyzed units. For each statistical procedure, a small numerical example involving DEA efficiency measures is provided to illustrate the proposed technique. Finally, the new procedures are applied to data reflecting the macro-economic performance of 17 OECD nations in 1979–1988. The outcomes of the application are discussed and contrasted with previous research in this area.     

Exploring the operating efficiency of Technology Development Programs by an intellectual capital perspective—A case study of Taiwan

Government supported technological research and development can help the private sector to compete globally. A more accurate evaluation system considering multi-factor performance is highly desired. This study offers an alternative perspective and characterization of the performance of Technology Development Programs (TDPs) via a two-stage process that emphasizes research and development (R&D) and technology diffusion. This study shall employ a sequential data envelopment analysis (DEA) with a non-parametric statistical analysis to analyze differences in intellectual capital variables among various TDPs. The results reveal that R&D performance is better than technology diffusion performance for the TDPs. In addition, the “Mechanical, Mechatronic, and Transportation field” is more efficient than the other fields in both R&D and technology diffusion performance models. The findings of this study point to the importance of intellectual capital in achieving high levels of TDP efficiency. The potential applications and strengths of DEA and intellectual capital in assessing the performance of TDP are also highlighted.     

Performance evaluation of China's high-tech innovation process: Analysis based on the innovation value chain

The Chinese high-tech industry has developed greatly since the beginning of China's “National High-tech R&D (863) Program” and “China Torch Program”. This paper introduces a conceptual model extended from the innovation value chain model to simultaneously estimate the R&D and commercialization efficiencies for the high-tech industries of 29 provincial-level regions in China. To match reality, a network DEA incorporating both shared inputs and additional intermediate inputs is constructed to open the “black box” view of decision making units used in single-stage DEA. This study is the first attempt to link the R&D and commercialization with a solid theoretical foundation and feasible mathematical methods. The empirical findings show that most of the 29 regions have low efficiency in the commercialization sub-process compared to the R&D sub-process, although there are regional differences in China's high-tech industry. Pearson correlation shows that the R&D sub-process is not closely correlated to the commercialization sub-process in terms of efficiency. Our analysis can provide information for the formulation of policies to achieve high innovation efficiency.