战时导弹保障路径的随机规划优化模型

针对战时导弹保障路径规划这一组合优化问题,在分析导弹保障路径优化过程中的不确定性因素的基础上,以时间、可靠度、损耗为置信度,运用网络图及不确定机会约束理论构建了导弹保障路径优化的随机规划模型,并通过具体案例来模拟验证模型的合理性和有效性.     

战时导弹保障路径的随机规划优化模型

针对战时导弹保障路径规划这一组合优化问题,在分析导弹保障路径优化过程中的不确定性因素的基础上,以时间、可靠度、损耗为置信度,运用网络图及不确定机会约束理论构建了导弹保障路径优化的随机规划模型,并通过具体案例来模拟验证模型的合理性和有效性。     

供应商选择问题的随机机会约束规划模型及其混合遗传算法

在供应商的最大供应数量、质量水平、送达时间均为随机变量且预算给定的条件下,建立了供应商选择问题的随机机会约束整数目标规划模型.鉴于传统方法求解随机规划较为困难,给出了一种将随机模拟、神经元网络和遗传算法结合在一起的混合遗传算法并用多个算例进行了验证,结果表明该算法有较强的适应性.     

需求随机情况下向多个供应商采购的机会规划模型研究

研究当需求量巨大且为随机变量时,一个供应商无法满足供货要求情况下,向多个供应商采购-库存的问题,建立了一个向多个有资源约束的供应商采购的库存模型.考虑到需求量为随机变量,并且约束条件以一定置信水平满足要求,故采用随机机会规划对问题进行建模,基于神经元网络嵌入遗传算法的混合智能算法对模型进行求解,并对结果进行了分析,给出了文章的结论.     

Chance Constrained Programming Formulations for Stochastic Characterizations of Efficiency and Dominance in DEA

Pareto-Koopmans efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is extended to stochastic inputs and outputs via probabilistic input-output vector comparisons in a given empirical production (possibility) set. In contrast to other approaches which have used Chance Constrained Programming formulations in DEA, the emphasis here is on joint chance constraints. An assumption of arbitrary but known probability distributions leads to the P-Model of chance constrained programming. A necessary condition for a DMU to be stochastically efficient and a sufficient condition for a DMU to be non-stochastically efficient are provided. Deterministic equivalents using the zero order decision rules of chance constrained programming and multivariate normal distributions take the form of an extended version of the additive model of DEA. Contacts are also maintained with all of the other presently available deterministic DEA models in the form of easily identified extensions which can be used to formalize the treatment of efficiency when stochastic elements are present.     

客专大站到发线运用随机机会约束模型与算法研究

在考虑到发线运用过程中不确定性因素的基础上,研究旅客列车停站时间和接续时间随机变动情况下客专大站到发线运用优化问题,以提高车站作业效率和方便旅客乘降为优化目标,建立了到发线运用的随机机会约束规划模型.通过将模型中的随机机会约束转化为相应的确定性等价形式,从而将随机规划模型转化为确定性模型,并设计了解决该问题的蚁群算法.算例表明该随机机会约束规划模型能取得可靠性更高的到发线运用计划.     

客专大站到发线运用随机机会约束模型与算法研究

在考虑到发线运用过程中不确定性因素的基础上,研究旅客列车停站时间和接续时间随机变动情况下客专大站到发线运用优化问题,以提高车站作业效率和方便旅客乘降为优化目标,建立了到发线运用的随机机会约束规划模型。通过将模型中的随机机会约束转化为相应的确定性等价形式,从而将随机规划模型转化为确定性模型,并设计了解决该问题的蚁群算法。算例表明该随机机会约束规划模型能取得可靠性更高的到发线运用计划。     

PLC的编程语言与编程注意事项

本文简述了可编程控制器(PLC)的基本特点和发展情况,介绍了PLC的顺序功能图、梯形图、功能模块图、指令表和结构文本等编程语言及其功能特点,阐述了PLC在编程过程中梯形图与指令表语言编程的规则和注意事项等。熟练掌握PLC程序的编程语言、编程方法及编程注意事项,对于PLC编程的快速入门及工程应用具有十分重要的意义。     

Stochastic demographic forecasting

"This paper describes a particular approach to stochastic population forecasting, which is implemented for the U.S.A. through 2065. Statistical time series methods are combined with demographic models to produce plausible long run forecasts of vital rates, with probability distributions. The resulting mortality forecasts imply gains in future life expectancy that are roughly twice as large as those forecast by the Office of the Social Security Actuary....Resulting stochastic forecasts of the elderly population, elderly dependency ratios, and payroll tax rates for health, education and pensions are presented."     

Stochastic productivity measurement

Stochastic productivity indicators are defined, and superlative measures of these indicators are derived. It is shown that, in the presence of complete markets or a common-expectations equilibrium, differences in the market values of firms are superlative indicators of cross-sectional productivity differences. Exactness results are used to decompose nonstochastic productivity indicators into a measure of true productivity change and a measure of ‘luck’. The decomposition is illustrated empirically.

Stochastic utility theorem

This paper analyzes individual decision making. It is assumed that an individual does not have a preference relation on the set of lotteries. Instead, the primitive of choice is a choice probability that captures the likelihood of one lottery being chosen over the other. Choice probabilities have a stochastic utility representation if they can be written as a non-decreasing function of the difference in expected utilities of the lotteries. Choice probabilities admit a stochastic utility representation if and only if they are complete, strongly transitive, continuous, independent of common consequences and interchangeable. Axioms of stochastic utility are consistent with systematic violations of betweenness and a common ratio effect but not with a common consequence effect. Special cases of stochastic utility include the Fechner model of random errors, Luce choice model and a tremble model of [Harless, D., Camerer, C., 1994. The predictive utility of generalized expected utility theories. Econometrica 62, 1251–1289].     

Stochastic equilibrium discounting

This paper considers the determination of equilibrium asset prices in an infinite-horizon diffusion model of an exchange economy. It is shown that asset prices can be expressed as properly weighted sums of asset payouts. Equilibrium properties are also investigated under the assumption that the state of the economy follows its invariant distribution.     

用宏程序编制振动料斗数控加工程序

使用各种CAD/CAM软件来编制数控加工程序现已是主流,但在某些特殊零件的数控加工程序编制时运用宏程序进行编程,更简洁高效,具有很好的易读性和易修改性。通过对振动料斗运用宏程序编制数控加工程序的过程进行介绍,使大家对宏程序数控加工编程有更多认识和了解,在以后的数控加工编程中有一种新思路、新方法。     

Stochastic endogenous time preference

Preference for flexibility arises inherently in sequential decision making. However, a majority of the literature has limitations to capture a changing preference for flexibility across time in the sense that such an attitude is independent of past actions. This study incorporates the histories of past actions into an infinite-horizon extension of Dekel et al. (2001) and models a decision maker whose attitude toward flexibility evolves over time from the uncertainty of future time preference or discount factors. Moreover, we provide behavioral comparisons of the degree of patience across different histories and characterize the shift of subjective beliefs about discount factors in the sense of an increasing convex and concave stochastic order.     

动态规划和整数规划在应急物流物资配送优化中的应用研究

利用动态规划和整数规划,将最短路问题以及指派问题应用于应急物资配送,建立了非受灾区应急物资发送点与受灾区应急物资接收点之间的配送网络,将灾区急需的物资以尽量短的时间运送到灾区,提高了物资配送效率,降低了灾害所造成的损失,同时保证了物资配送的有序进行,避免了无效配送.     

浅谈数控编程的技巧

数控机床是信息技术与机械制造技术相结合的产物,代表了现代基础机械的技术水平与发展趋势。近年来,我国数控机床工业发展较快,目前已有数控机床生产厂近百家。同时有一个更为突出的问题:劳动力市场出现数控技术应用型人才的严重短缺,媒体不断呼吁"高薪难聘高素质的数控技工"。高素质的数控技工既是:"懂工艺、会编程、能操作"的数控技能人才。如何成为熟练的编程人员,谈一些自己的看法。     

具有随机约束的委托-代理模型

委托一代理理论对于建立激励机制，防治机会主义行为具有重要意义。本文讨论具有随机约束的委托一代理模型，提出一种引入风险系数对模型进行求解的方法，并对结果进行了分析。与以往的同类研究主要基于均值化为完全确定情形的处理方法相比，不仅更充分反映了约束的随机性，而且考虑了委托人的风险规避程度和偏好，引入风险系数的方法还避免了以往研究中决策者的效用函数难以确定的问题。     

Stochastic processes of temporary equilibria

It is the aim of the paper to study within the framework of an ‘overlapping generation model’ the evolution of temporary equilibria. At date t, there are ‘newborn’ agents and ‘old’ agents who were born in previous periods; the old agents hold cash balances (fiat money) that they carried over from the previous period. At the beginning of period t, all agents receive a random endowment of consumption goods. Then the agents exchange these endowments and money on spot markets at date t (trading in future markets is not considered). Once a temporary equilibrium is reached, the economy move to the next date. Agents who were born at date t then become old and meet agents born at period t+1.It is shown that the evolution of temporary equilibria in this model leads to analyse the ergodic properties of a certain class of Markov processes with stationary transition probability.