企业员工对组织变革的反应模型分析

企业在日常运作过程中不可避免地要经历一些组织变革,员工在对待组织变革时通常会有认知、情感和行为等三个层面的反应,每种反应又都有可能是积极的、中立的、消极的,或者是兼而有之的复合的反应。企业在实施组织变革时应当考虑员工对变革做出反应的进程,充分考虑影响该过程的因素,从而引导员工做出有利于变革的反应,促进组织变革的成功实施。     

Postcomplaint Processes: From Organizational Response to Repurchase Behavior

Dissatisfied consumers have the opportunity to complain, and businesses can respond to these complaints. Research into what occurs following this response has been sketchy and incomplete. This study attempts to integrate what is known about organizational response to complaints and consumer reaction to that response. A model of post-complaint processes is offered and tested using a sample of complainants who wrote to an oil company.     

Moral Reasoning as a Determinant of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Study in the Public Accounting Profession

This study examines the relationship between an employee's level of moral reasoning and a form of work performance known as organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). Prior research in the public accounting profession has found higher levels of moral reasoning to be positively related to various types of ethical behavior. This study extends the ethical domain of accounting behaviors to include OCB. Analysis of respondents from a public accounting firm in the northeast region of the United States (n = 107) support a positive and significant relationship between moral reasoning and two dimensions of OCB: interpersonal helping behaviors and sportsmanship behaviors. This study controls for previously identified determinants of OCB (e.g., procedural justice) and demographic variables (age, sex, tenure and social desirability). Results suggest that moral reasoning accounts for professional behaviors that are perceived as intrinsically good by the employee and economically beneficial by the employer.     

辱虐管理对服务偏差的影响机制：一项日记追踪研究

基于情感事件理论,从组织内部视角探究员工每日实施服务偏差行为的动态机制,即每日辱虐管理通过每日消极情绪动态影响每日服务偏差行为的动态作用机制,同时,基于控制理论探讨组织伦理氛围对服务偏差行为的干预效果。通过对服务型企业73名员工连续一周的日记追踪调研数据分析发现,每日辱虐管理对每日服务偏差具有显著的动态作用效果,每日消极情绪在该机制中起完全中介作用,自利氛围、关怀氛围能显著削弱每日消极情绪对每日服务偏差的正效应,规则氛围的调节作用不显著。研究结论对服务型企业有效抑制服务偏差行为,提高服务质量具有理论和实践意义。     

The Power Motive and Organizational Structure: A Micro-Macro Connection

A model is described which includes a taxonomy of the power-motive profiles of individuals-a taxonomy of situational types based upon power considerations and a conceptual link among organizational structure, power-situation type, and individual power motives. The model provides a theoretical connection between micro and macro theories of organizational behaviour and adds some clarification and system to nPow theory. Résumé Le modèle décrit inclut la taxonomie des caractéristiques d'attraction au pouvoir des individus-une taxonomie de situations diverses fondée sur des considérations relatives au pouvoir et sur le lien conceptuel reliant la structure organisationnelle, le type de pouvoir découlant de la situation, et les motivations individuelles. Ce modèle prouve le lien théorique entre les théories micro et macro-économiques du comportement organisationnel, et clarifie et systématise la théorie nPow.     

应对反倾销的长虹行为剖析

长虹应对反倾销的国际化战略实践表明,中国企业没有准备一个好的跨国经营战略,缺乏跨国经营战略管理能力,匆忙走出去只能是一败涂地,更不能实现规避贸易壁垒的目的。由此案例反思中国企业在自由贸易条件下自我保护的反倾销对策及全球经营战略。     

信息化进程中的组织变革与IT治理

信息技术对组织的技术性嵌入,改变了组织的内部与外部环境,若要使组织的信息化取得预期的效果,组织的变革是必需的。传统的理论认为,这种变革必然导致组织架构的扁平化、分散化及柔性化。但是在实践中发现,事实并非一定如此,由于监管的困难及委托代理问题的存在,信息化有可能因为人为的因素而导致组织的层级结构得到加强。这就需要组织实施有效的IT治理,使组织变革朝有利于组织发展的方向进行。     

A Model of Organizational Antecedents to Franchise Revenues

Abstract

This study investigates antecedents to financial outcomes in franchised distribution channels. A model is developed which implicates authoritative and normative control as antecedents to franchise revenues. The model is tested with data from two hundred sixteen franchises in the Norwegian distribution system of a multinational oil refiner. The results indicate that authoritative control engenders normative control and control mechanisms are associated with franchise revenues. Implications for franchise management and channels research are outlined.     

Perceptions of Organizational Virtuousness and Happiness as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

Moral and financial scandals emerging in recent years around the world have created the momentum for reconsidering the role of virtuousness in organizational settings. This empirical study seeks to contribute toward maintaining this momentum. We answer to researchers’ suggestions that the exploratory study carried out by Cameron et al. (Am Behav Sci 47(6):766–790, 2004), which related organizational virtuousness (OV) and performance, must be pursued employing their measure of OV in other contexts and in relation to other outcomes (Wright and Goodstein, J Manage 33(6):928–958, 2007). Two hundred and sixteen employees reported their perceptions of OV and their affective well-being (AWB) at work (one of the main indicators of employees’ happiness), their supervisors reporting their organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). The main finding is that the perceptions of OV predict some OCB both directly and through the mediating role of AWB. The evidence suggests that OV is worthy of a higher status in the business and organizational psychology literatures.     

环境战略、组织能力与竞争优势——通过积极的环境问题反应来塑造组织能力、创建竞争优势

我国社会与经济发展面临着突出的环境问题。在利益相关者的诉求下,企业可以增加环境投资,但是一个关键的问题是环境问题将成为企业负担还是利润来源?为此本文探讨环境管理对企业绩效影响的内部发生机制。研究发现,企业实施积极的环境战略,能够从中获得创新能力、组织学习、跨部门合作和整合利益相关者等组织能力;其中环境战略通过组织学习与跨部门合作能力正面影响成本优势,环境战略通过跨部门合作与整合利益相关者正面影响差异化优势。     

Consistent Questions of Ambiguity in Organizational Crisis Communication: Jack in the Box as a Case Study

The complexity of crisis situations allows for corporate responses to create multiple interpretations for organizational stakeholders concerning crisis evidence, the organization's intentions, and the locus of responsibility. Hence, organizations have the ability to emphasize an interpretation where the organization is viewed most favorably. Using Jack in the Box as a case study, we apply stakeholder theory to ascertain the ethical implications of employing strategic ambiguity in organizational crisis communication. We conclude that the crisis response provided by Jack in the Box's leaders was ethically questionable in the areas of evidence, intent, and locus because the ambiguity they introduced privileged their financial stakeholders over others. Ultimately, this strategic use of ambiguity diminished the deliberative ability of Jack in the Box's publics.     

Framing and Organizational Misconduct: A Symbolic Interactionist Study

This study expands theoretical understanding of organizational misconduct through qualitative analysis of widespread deceptive sales practices at a large U.S. life insurance company. Adopting a symbolic interactionist perspective, this research describes how a set of taken-for-granted interpretive frames located in the organization’s culture created a worldview through which deceptive sales practices were seen as normal, acceptable, routine operating procedure. The findings from this study extend and modify the dominant theoretical ‘pressure/opportunity’ model of organizational misconduct by proposing that the process engine driving misconduct is not amorally rational organization members, but rather is organizational members acting on socially constructed views of the organization that normalize misconduct. Tammy L. MacLean is an assistant professor of management at Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts. She teaches in the areas of organizational behavior and managing diversity. Her research interests include how the process of decoupling organizational policies and programs from core organizational functions affects organizational behavior. Her research has been published in academic journals such as Academy of Management Review, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Journal of Management Inquiry, and Business & Society. She received a Ph.D. in Organization Studies in 2001 from Boston College.     

Organizational learning as a situated routine-based activity in international settings

A large body of research has extensively studied the mechanisms behind organizational learning processes. However, there have been few studies of the learning process that explore the influences of history, context, and social meaning in international settings. Rather, the focus within the international management field has been on knowledge transfer. This study adopts a situated routine-based view of organizational learning to highlight the influence of national institutional characteristics on the acquisition and enactment of new knowledge. It is based on in-depth case studies that systematically compare the ways in which Japanese parent company knowledge diffuses to subsidiaries in the UK automotive industry. It concludes that organizational learning within the context of multinational corporations is shaped by actors’ enactment of new practices that are embedded in broader institutional contexts, where the links between knowledge transfer and the reinforcement of or change in routines are important in determining the level at which a subsidiary learns.     

Organizational embeddedness as a mediator between justice and in-role performance

Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we theorize that organizational justice influences in-role performance by embedding employees into the organization. Using a sample of 236 employee-supervisor dyads from diverse industries in India, we found that organizational embeddedness mediated the relationship between distributive and procedural justice and in-role performance. We further found that the degree of association between the dimensions of organizational justice and the components of organizational embeddedness varied; procedural justice was a stronger predictor of the fit dimension than distributive justice was and distributive justice was a stronger predictor of the sacrifice dimension than procedural justice was. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.     

Organizational identification as a determinant of customer orientation in service organizations

The marketing literature suggests that frontline employees are the central determinant of how customer-oriented a service organization is perceived to be by its customers. However, little is known about the contingencies of employees’ customer orientation (CO) beyond personality traits and broadly construed work attitudes. Based on the social identity approach, the present article develops a multilevel model whereby CO is the result of identity-based management of frontline employees. Two empirical studies in the travel industry show that employees’ CO depends on employees’ organizational identification and their leaders’ acting as role models of CO.     

M-Business Organizational Benefits and Value: A Qualitative Study

The most crucial aspect of information systems (IS) engineering is the gathering and validating of requirements. Requirements can be seen as coming from 1 of 2 domains: the technical and the social. Consequently, 1 of the questions currently facing IS engineering is: How do you capture and validate requirements from the social domain? In an attempt to answer this question, researchers have started to examine the role that stakeholders and domain knowledge play in IS development. The belief is that the best source of requirements is domain knowledge, and the best source of domain knowledge is stakeholders. Current requirements engineering methods, which are being used in industry, are failing to adequately identify stakeholders and their associated requirements. In an attempt to address this issue, the responsibility modeling technique developed in this article focuses on the specification of requirements and domain knowledge through the identification of stakeholders and the specification of the roles they play and the actions they perform within an organization.     

The Power of One: Dissent and Organizational Life

Over the last 20 years, organizations have attempted numerous innovations to create more openness and to increase ethical practice. However, adult students in business classes report that managers are generally bureaucratically oriented and averse to constructive criticism or principled dissent. When organizations oppose dissent, they suffer the consequences of mistakes that could be prevented and they create an unethical and toxic environment for individual employees. By distinguishing principled dissent from other forms of criticism and opposition, managers and leaders can perceive the dissenter as an important organizational voice and a valued employee. The dissenter, like the whistleblower, is often highly ethically motivated and desires to contribute to the organization’s wellbeing. Recognizing and protecting principled dissent provides the means of transforming organizations. By restoring dignity to the individual, organizations gain more productive and loyal employees, and they create an environment that promotes critical thinking, learning, and a commitment to ethics. Dr. Nasrin Shahinpoor is an Associate Professor of Economics at Hanover College in Hanover, IN. Dr. Bernard F. Matt is Professor of Religion and Philosophy at Wilmington College—Cincinnati Branch in Cincinnati, OH.     

Social Desirability Response Bias,Gender, and Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment: An International Study

This research is an extension of Walker Information’s (Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, pp. 235–255, 1999) study on employees’ job attitudes that was conducted exclusively in the United States. Walker Information found that the reputation of the organization, fairness at work, care, and concern for employees, trust in employees, and resources available at work were important factors in an employee’s decision to remain with his or her company. Our sample includes 713 students from seven countries: Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, and the United States. When analyzing the entire sample, our data indicate that both social desirability response bias and gender were significant; however, this was not the case when the data are analyzed by country. On an individual country basis, our data suggest that the generally accepted premise that women are more ethically conscious than men was only true for the samples from the United States and Canada. The data also indicate that, while social desirability response bias was significant for the four factors suggesting ethical components for the sample from the United States, this finding was not universal. Dr. Richard A. Bernardi, Professor of Accounting at Roger Williams University, is a retired Air Force lieutenant colonel who flew the B-52 and FB-111 aircraft. He has also been a Professor of National Security Affairs at the U. S. Naval War College during 1997 to 1998 academic year. Dr. Bernardi received a PhD from Union College in 1992; since then, he has published over 80 articles and received Teaching Excellence Awards from both Roger Williams University and the State University of New York. Steven T. Guptill graduated from Roger Williams University with a degree in international business. He currently works for State Street Bank in an operations role within the alternative investments umbrella. In this role, he plans and manages the daily workflows of a fund accounting team with several client relationships.