Socioeconomic Advance in the Republic of China (Taiwan)

A bstract . The significance of economic development in the Republic of China on Taiwan cannot be adequately recognized without a concomitant assessment of the social changes that have taken place over the last 30 years. The concept of social indicators as measures of such changes is explored and their applicability to the island determined. Levels of the quality of life from different periods are studied and their advances analyzed. Taiwan's levels are compared with those of developed countries and of the People's Republic of China (Mainland China). Taiwan's show evidence of remarkable progress. The impacts of energy developments and of the recession's deterioration of foreign trade have threatened the rate as well as the absolute level of this progress.     

高铁时代的城市经济增长路径与效益机制研究

本文基于综合的分析框架,探讨高铁对城市经济增长的影响及内在机制,并在不同规模城市之间进行比较;使用列车数作为城市高铁建设与运营水平的指标具体考察两种连接方式的不同影响,结合随机森林方法和样本划分进行了机制验证。结果显示,高铁的城市经济效益主要是一种间接影响,作用路径的不同解释了高铁对不同规模城市影响程度的差异性;随着城市规模的扩大,高铁在提高服务业生产效率和促进产业升级方面作用显著,而对于规模较小的城市,高铁的影响主要在于加速产业结构调整;从连接方式看,外向型交通网络的发展能够从多个方面提升大城市的经济绩效,而与邻近城市联系的加强对于中、小城市的发展显示出了积极的影响。     

大陆之“新”

成批台湾中小企业因大陆制造成本高企而返乡、外迁越南但对于千亿级营收的台湾商业巨头来说,中国大陆的商业征途刚刚展开     

淮安综合交通运输—经济复合系统协同发展评价

交通运输与区域经济之间的关系较为复杂,两者相互促进相互协调,才能获得共同发展。从交通运输与经济发展相互关系、相互影响的角度入手,分析淮安交通运输与经济发展现状,提出综合交通运输与经济复合系统的形成机制,综合采用灰色模型GM 1,N和数据包络分析法对淮安市综合交通运输—经济复合系统的效率进行分析和评价,并根据分析的结果以及淮安市实际情况,给出发展建议与对策。     

Multi-modal,multi-output,multiregional variable input-output model

A multi-modal, multi-output, multiregional variable input-output (MMMVIO) model is introduced to evaluate the economic impact of a transportation system. The MMVIO model differs from the conventional input-output models by being price and cost sensitive. The regional technical coefficients, trade coefficients, modal choice of shipment, input mix and output composition are determined by the price and cost variables, a property not shared by the conventional input-output models.The transportation system reduces shipping cost of delivering commodities between regions, thereby stimulating economy of trading regions. The MMMVIO model captures the development impact incident to the transportation system.     

基于贸易货流特征的中欧班列货运经济性研究

针对中欧班列发展的问题,从中国与欧洲、日韩与欧洲各国的贸易特征入手,分析贸易品类、货物流向、货物规模;基于不同运输方式的运费、运输周期构建经济分析模型,测算符合铁路运输经济性的货物特征,以及国际贸易中具备铁路运输经济性的货物总量规模,进而指导中欧班列实现更符合市场规律的高效发展。     

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: INTERREGIONAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

Significant economic disparities among China's Eastern, Central, and Western regions pose unequivocal challenges to social equality and political stability in the country. A major impediment to economic development, especially in the poor, remote Western region, is the shortage of a transportation infrastructure. The Chinese government has committed to substantial investment for improving the accessibility of this vast, land-locked region as a mechanism for promoting its development. The paper examines the impacts of the intended transportation infrastructure build-up on the Western region's comparative advantage and its interregional trade. The World Trade Model is extended to represent this investment and applied to determine interregional trade in China based on region-specific technologies, factor endowments and prices, and consumption patterns as well as the capacities and costs of carrying goods among regions using the interregional transportation infrastructure in place in the base year of 1997 and that planned for 2010 and 2020. The model is implemented for three regions, 27 sectors, and seven factors. The results indicate that the planned infrastructure build-up will be cost-effective, will increase benefits especially for the Western region, and that it can conserve energy overall at given levels of demand but substitute oil for coal. Based on these and other model results, some recommendations are offered about strategies for regional development in China.     

Is transportation improving urbanization in China?

This study applies the rolling-window causality test to analyze the interaction between transportation infrastructure and urbanization in China. Our results obviously support search-matching theory in that transportation infrastructure exerts positive effects on urbanization in sub-sample periods. Urbanization does not Granger cause transportation infrastructure development except for the 1977–1980 period, when urbanization exerted negative effects on transportation infrastructure. The transportation structure is inadequate, and rational allocation of transportation resources is needed to improve the level of urbanization. This means that transportation improves urbanization due to government investment and regional integration. Development of transportation infrastructure has been rapid, which improved urbanization during the Great Cultural Revolution period. Urbanization urgently needs to keep up with the development of traffic infrastructure construction by adding to traffic investment. Transportation infrastructure requires whole planning, a unified layout, and rational adjustment of the transportation structure.     

天津发展以公共交通为导向的TOD模式策略研究

以公共交通沿线综合开发为中轴导向的'线-网'开发模式可以有效的改善交通拥堵、促进城乡资源再配置和重塑城市新经济中心,这已然成为城市低碳运行、绿色发展的优选模式.公共交通沿线综合开发的目的是城市资源再配置、产业结构再整合、经济再发展和社会文化再融合,这为城市区域疏解、资源调配、人流与物流承接起到示范作用,另外,天津民众将...     

运输服务贸易促进我国经济增长的实证研究

文章以当前我国运输服务贸易持续逆差这一现象为切入口。借助计量经济学的分析软件构建运输服务贸易与经济增长的计量模型,定量分析运输服务贸易与经济增长(GDP)的关系,实证结果表明运输服务贸易与经济增长有着长期的均衡关系与因果关系。     

淮海经济区的城市经济联系格局分析

运用重力模型和综合客运模型,对淮海经济区城市间的经济联系势能及经济联系流强度进行测度,据此分析该区的城市经济辐射与经济隶属情况.结果表明,淮海经济区城市间的经济联系势能结构表现为以徐州、商丘、临沂、淮安为重要节点呈放射状分布.经济联系流强度的空间分异格局以徐州为中枢,形成徐州、济宁、临沂、阜阳、蚌埠五大网络结点,构成"开"字型架构.经济联系势能和经济联系流强度在徐州与周边城市的联系上表现出明显的一致性.最终将淮海经济区划分为核心、汴商、莱泰、临照、盐淮5个城市经济区.     

交通高职院校报关师资培训的设计与实现

交通高职院校承担着为行业和地方服务的双重任务。随着经济结构调整、产业升级和经济发展方式的转变,交通高职院校要完成支撑产业、服务经济转型的使命,满足经济社会发展的需要,就要适时对专业布局进行优化和结构调整,配备合格的师资,这就需要对教师进行培训。文中围绕教师的培训内容,以报关为例提出了报关师资的培训设计和实现途径。     

The rebound effect on energy efficiency improvements in China’s transportation sector: A CGE analysis

Energy use is becoming more efficient due to technological innovations. We focused on the transportation sector in China to develop a national multisector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for analyzing the rebound effect from an improvement of 10% in the energy efficiency. We compared the size of the energy rebound effect at both the macroeconomic and sectoral levels in different transportation modal subsectors, namely rail, road, water, and air travel. The findings showed that the magnitude of the rebound effect varies across the transportation modes. This is particularly true for the air transportation sector, which has an economy-wide rebound effect of 30.1% and an own-sector rebound effect of 74.6% because of a sharp increase in the export demand for air transport services. We also quantitatively evaluated the contribution of energy efficiency improvement in the transportation sector to China’s economic growth and carbon reductions and found a positive dividend effect on the economy as well as the environment. The modeling results suggest that improving overall transportation energy efficiency by 10% generates an economy-wide welfare gain of approximately 29 billion yuan, while 19 billion yuan are attributable to a more efficient road transportation subsector. Furthermore, to offset the effects of these mode-specific rebound effects, we simulated the effectiveness of different policies and solutions. These included economic instruments in the form of energy, environmental, and carbon taxes, household transport consumption structure adjustments, and energy structure adjustments. This study revealed that combining these sustainable development policies offers opportunities for economy-wide multisectoral improvements in energy savings, emissions reduction, and economic benefits.     

江西省铁路运输与经济发展的协调关系研究

利用灰色关联度和多维灰色动态协调模型,对江西省铁路运输与经济发展的协调关系进行了定量分析。结果表明,影响江西省经济发展的铁路运输主要指标是货运量与旅客周转量,铁路运输系统有一定的自我发展能力,基本适应江西省区域经济发展的要求。铁路旅客运输量、铁路货运周转量对于江西省区域经济的发展有一定的推动作用;铁路货运量、旅客周转量对于江西省区域经济的发展作用不明显,需加快与区域发展关联性较大的货运量的增长速度,以促进区域经济更好地发展。     

交通运输业与经济增长的实证研究——以河南省为例

以交通运输与区域经济发展理论为依据,基于河南交通运输业和经济发展的数据,做出了河南省交通运输业发展与经济增长的趋势分析,为河南发展交通运输业找出了发展方向,并应用协整理论对河南GDP和多种运输方式的客、货运周转量进行检验,得出了各种运输方式对经济发展的贡献率;另外还使用格兰杰因果关系检验得出河南省应当继续加快经济发展,促进交通运输业的发展。     

货币政策的数量型工具与价格型工具的调控绩效比较——来自动态随机一般均衡模型的证据

本文基于我国经济发展现实,构建了包含金融加速器、工资调整粘性以及消费惯性的新凯恩斯动态随机一般均衡模型,从货币政策的冲击效应、非政策冲击下宏观经济波动幅度以及中央银行损失函数等三个方面对比了不同货币工具的调控绩效,研究显示,价格型工具的调控绩效优于数量型工具,而稳健性分析也对此提供了进一步证明。因此,中央银行应积极地运用利率工具以更有效控制通货膨胀和实际产出波动,维护宏观经济稳定。     

试析交通运输对经济发展的影响

交通运输是社会存在和发展的基础前提,它是国民经济发展中的重要基础设施和产业。如果一个国家没有高度发达的交通运输系统,就难以实现社会经济的繁荣、人民生活水平的提高和国家的富强等。本文分析了交通运输和经济发展间的内在联系,进一步阐述交通运输对社会经济发展的影响。     

武汉城市圈交通和物流与经济的良性互动发展政策

文中分析了武汉城市圈交通、物流和经济的良性互动发展的需求,认为在中部崛起的整体战略下,交通运输体系的完善、现代物流体系的构建对于武汉城市圈的经济飞跃缺一不可,提出了以交通和物流作为武汉城市圈经济活动的平台,完善政府相关政策,保障城市圈经济的发展的建议。     

产业结构变化对青海涉外经济发展的影响

本文基于区域产业结构的相关理论,着眼于持续发展青海涉外经济的当前需要,立足青海省情,就全省产业结构调整对涉外经济发展的影响问题进行了研究,结果表明,产业结构调整对全省涉外经济发展确实具有带动作用,样本区间内估测的产业结构变化对涉外经济发展的动态效应具有明显的阶段性特征,产业结构调整对涉外经济发展的弹性系数与产业政策的调整及涉外经济制度的变迁有很大关系。     

Estimating X-Efficiency in Taiwanese Banking Using a Translog Shadow Profit Function

A multiproducttranslog normalized shadow profit function is used to examineX-efficiency and related issues with respect to Taiwan's bankingsector. The model developed here is theoretically more appropriatecompared to that proposed by Berger, Hancock, and Humphrey (1993);as the former is obtained within the framework of profit maximization.Parameter estimates from our parametric translog profit functionare shown to be robust against different model specifications.More than half of all potential profits are estimated to be lostdue to economic inefficiency. The relatively more important roleof technical inefficiency, compared with that of allocative inefficiency,implies that deficient output revenues outweigh excessive inputcosts. Translog evidence indicates that larger banks tend tobe more technically efficient than smaller ones. The data showstrong technical progress during the sample period, while themodel failing to include X-inefficiency yields no technical advance.