The modern problems of forecasting regional energy consumption (using the example of the Republic of Komi)

The article considers the methodical and information problems of forecasting regional energy consumption, suggests the methods and complex model for forecasting the levels of energy, heat, and fuel consumption in interrelation with the development of both separate types of industries and types of activity and an energy source. The influence is shown of the probabilities of realization of the production prediction and the limits on energy supply on the formation of the prospective levels of electrical and heat energy.     

Assessing the efficiency of the forest industry complex based on calculation of value added index (Based on the example of the Republic of Komi)

This article discusses the results of assessing the performance of the forest industry complex of the Republic of Komi based on calculating the value added index. The value, structure, and dynamics of the index have been analyzed and intraindustry and international comparisons are provided. The specificity of the formation of the enterprise value that significantly determines the final economic efficiency of the forest industry complex has been revealed.     

Long-term investment forecasting as the basis of the development strategy for the agroindustrial complex of the Northern region (by example of the Komi Republic)

The investment forecast in the strategic development of the agroindustrial complex of the Northern region using the Komi Republic as an example is considered. The prospects of the agroindustrial complex and its functioning peculiarities are analyzed. The multilevel classification characteristic of a long-term strategic development is determined. The estimated characteristic of the investment forecast of the strategic development of agribusiness with regard to the uncertainty of socioeconomic conditions is given. The assertion is substantiated that the long-term course of the investment activity guarantees solution of the complex problems of the long-term development of the agribusiness in the region.     

Forecasting the development of a regional electric power industry and economy: The case of the Republic of Komi

Methodological and modeling tools for the analysis and coordinated forecast of the development of a regional power industry and economy (the Republic of Komi) are considered. The information and model basis of forecast calculations is the regional product production accounts itemized by the cost elements of industrial outputs and the interrelations between the production and consumption of fuel and energy resources. The model is used for multivariate calculations of forecast dynamics and for obtaining a generalizing characteristic of the scenarios under analysis in aggregated indicators of economic growth and the energy efficiency of production.     

1842-1984年湖北省经济管理演变的轨迹

1842年以后，湖北省经济管理体制经历了指令经济型→市场经济型→计划经济（新指令经济）型→新市场经济型的变迁过程。指令经济型要求中央集权，市场经济型要求地方分权。     

Constraints to the economic development of the Republic of Transkei

A number of general constraints to the economic development of less developed countries are also to be found in Transkei. They include political fragility, conflict between traditionalism and modernization, shortage of skilled manpower, lack of clearly defined economic development strategies, inappropriate economic policies, and a shortage of capital.

In addition, there are constraints particular to Transkei's development, such as recent socio‐political developments in South Africa, the absence of an organizational structure to facilitate the formulation of relevant policies, a decline in the inflow of private sector investment, and a shortage of technical and managerial expertise. The author proposes a number of principles to maximize manpower productivity in Transkei.     

进口产品促进经济增长的机理探析

本文将进口产品分成资本品类、中间产品类、能源与原料类和消费品类,并逐一分析他们各自对经济增长的贡献作用:进口资本品作为资本投入形成固定资产直接扩大了产出从而推动经济的增长;进口中间产品作为一种投入品最终将转化成制成品而为产出扩大做贡献;能源与原料的进口则为经济增长消除了瓶颈;进口来的消费品通过带来新产品、新思想和竞争而刺激国内的投资,从而间接的为经济增长做贡献。     

The state and economic development in Haiti and the Dominican Republic

Abstract

In the search for a “development theory”, during the 1950s and 1960s economists on the whole gave only limited consideration to the behavior of the state. Interest was mainly focused on the role of such factors as capital accumulation, education, transfer of technology, trade strategies etc in the development process. When the state entered the analysis, emphasis was usually put on its positive contribution to development: the state provides infrastructure and overhead capital, it corrects for externalities and designs overall development plans.¹     

State support for the modernization of the individual family sector of the rural economy (Based on the Example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

This article analyzes the current state, problems, and prospects of the development of individualfamily sector of the rural economy in the Russian Federation by the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The purpose of this article is to give a generalized overview of the measures adopted and implemented by the state for the years of reforms and their results, to identify the barriers and obstacles to the modernization of individual-family households, to justify a series of measures to overcome them, and to make the state support more consistent and systematic.     

People-centred environmental management and municipal commonage in the Nama Karoo

This paper examines the problem of managing municipal commonage land in the Nama Karoo, which is increasingly being used by black or coloured emergent farmers. Many of these live in the towns and have very little agricultural experience or knowledge, and some are unemployed farmworkers. The paper presents findings from a survey of emergent farmers who use municipal commonage in Philippolis in the southern Free State. It uses the sustainable livelihoods approach to suggest that environmental knowledge is a key asset for small farmers, and that suitable approaches to agricultural extension need to be adopted to promote ecological knowledge. It suggests that ecological knowledge needs to play a more prominent role in people-centred, participatory developmental approaches so as to strengthen municipal commonage management and prevent the rapid desertification of commonage land.     

Part-Time Farmers in Russia: Phenomenon and Social Functions Based on the Example of the Republic of Bashkortostan

This article describes and analyses a relatively new phenomenon that has not yet been discussed in the scientific literature. Part-time farmers emerged in Russian agriculture more than 15 years ago and still exist in this sector in Russia. The article considers the issues of how they came into being; their roles and social functions; their strengths, weaknesses, and specialization; and reasonable measures to use the advantages of this type of farm. The analysis is based on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan.     

市政路桥工程施工管理的特点与措施分析

随着城市化进程的不断加快,市政路桥工程实际的施工状况能否达到工程建设的具体要求,关系着现代化城市的服务功能。在此形势影响下,采取有效的措施增强市政路桥工程的施工管理水平,确保不同施工阶段所要施工计划的顺利实施,有利于加快工程的施工进度,提高工程的施工质量。明确这项工程施工管理的特点,采取有效的措施消除施工中可能存在的安全隐患,对于市政路桥工程功能的不断完善及服务范围的扩大具有重要的保障作用。增强市政路桥工程施工管理的实际作用效果,有利于实现工程建设的各种发展目标,加快现代化城市的发展速度。基于此,文章对路桥工程施工管理的特点及措施进行了必要的探讨。     

Ecological and economic models and predictions in the regional management system

Ecological and economic models that relate economic and ecological parameters of territorial development are presented in the paper. They have made it possible to develop a prediction technique for the evaluation of the effect of regional economic development on the environment as applied to the Republic of Karelia and construct predictions up to 2020.     

Net domestic product as a basis for the analysis and forecasting of economic development

Using actual data, it is shown that the current practice of determining the volume of production on the basis of gross domestic product, which includes material costs in the form of consumption of fixed capital, leads to an incorrect evaluation of the volume, dynamics, and structure of production and the use of value added. Net domestic product that does not include material costs, using an estimate of fixed capital and its consumption at their replacement value, is proposed as the main indicator of national accounts in Russia. This will also help to obtain reliable data on national wealth, primarily of the value of its most active part, namely, the reproducible capital stock, which must also be determined by the replacement value. The data obtained from the determination of the gross domestic product can be stored for international comparisons, because currently not all countries have data necessary to calculate net domestic product.     

经济数据管理的未来所向:数据库技术

如果说19和20世纪分别是蒸汽、电气的时代,那么21世纪便是信息的时代。信息技术在眼下日新月异,已然渗透入各行各业。我国从20世纪90年代开始已经逐步设计并完成了1∶250 000地区地税数据库的建立工作。数据库技术将随着今后信息的发展得到进一步的补充与完善,并将会在国民经济的建设中发挥越来越大的作用。全面了解信息技术并将其与实践紧密结合才是符合时代潮流的明智之举。文章以日常的账目处理为例,讨论信息技术与其结合的具体产物——数据库技术。     

Convergence - the Maastricht approach to economic and monetary union (EMU) in Europe

This article reviews the concept of convergence in the Maastricht Treaty and notes that, while in certain areas the convergence objectives are quite ambitious, in other areas the objectives for the transition period are surprisingly limited. By end-1992, much progress had already been achieved on convergence in a majority of EC countries (and countries applying for membership). Thus, despite the wave of pessimism that followed the recent exchange market crisis, it is still quite possible that a majority of EC members could qualify for monetary union by 1997. However, this would require further significant adjustment in many cases in the fiscal area. Based on the Multimod Model used at the Fund, the deflationary effect of this fiscal consolidation would be small and short lived.     

The problem of reducing the dependence of the Russian economy on primary product exports and economic policy alternatives

This paper discusses the causes and consequences of the high dependence of Russia’s socioeconomic development on the world market prices of hydrocarbon resources and their production volumes. The author analyzed the mechanisms underlying this dependency using a model of centrally planned economy without technical progress. The author shows that growth in raw materials production and prices leads to the “Dutch disease,” which is, hence, an economic growth paradox typical of open economies and having a resource-technological and structural character. The author’s conclusion is that welfare growth opportunities are underutilized under Dutch disease conditions in case of government restrictions on primary product exports aimed at conserving the trading sector. The case is made for increasing labor productivity in the Russian economy in order to overcome its dependence on the oil and gas exports.     

An updated ranking of the economic research institutions in China (2000–2009)

This paper ranks the economic research institutions in China based on publications in the SSCI economics journals from 2000 through 2009 and finds that the gap in the research capacity of economic research institutions between the mainland and Hong Kong is very large, even though the difference in overall quality is not so significant. This paper can reflect successes and failures of the reform of the economics education in China over the past decade and give important implications for the ongoing reforms as well.