Ethics and Well-Being: The Paradoxical Implications of Individual Differences in Ethical Orientation

Following on theoretical work and studies that assert a relationship between unethical activities and diminished well-being, and a common belief that those more ethically inclined experience greater well-being, the present study examined whether individual differences in ethical orientation may be associated with the experience of well-being. This paper reports the findings of two separate studies showing that individual differences in moral attentiveness, moral identity, idealism, relativism, and integrity were associated with differences in a wide range of well-being measures. Of particular significance is not all ethical orientations were found to contribute to well-being. In fact, some negatively impacted individual levels of well-being. Implications for integrating these new findings into existing ethical theory and considerations for future research are explored.     

Developing Online Support and Counseling to Enhance Family Dispute Resolution in Australia

Participation in online support and counseling constitutes an essential but often overlooked second step in the Lodder–Zeleznikow (Harv Negot Law Rev 10:287–337, 2005, Enhanced dispute resolution through the use of information technology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010) model of online dispute resolution; dialogue techniques. This paper highlights the potential role that online support and counseling can play in avoiding extreme family conflict and potential hazardous litigation. The research centers on a case study organization, Relationships Australia Victoria, who provide counseling and support services and who are moving toward online service delivery. It analyzes this case and contrasts it with relevant international cases to identify key considerations and approaches for those developing, enhancing and evaluating online support and counseling sites in the future. The goal of this research is to assist Relationships Australia Victoria to construct online support and counseling services for isolated men, who have lost day-to day contact with their children and have diminished social networks, so that they might enhance the quality of life of both their children and themselves. The lessons learned in this research are relevant for the wider use of online support and counseling services by separating parents.     

如何进一步完善我国现行个人所得税制

加入WTO后 ,我国个人所得税制将面临一次较为全面的改革。自 1994年新税制运行以来 ,我国个人所得税增长迅速 ,为保证国家财政收入的稳步增长起到十分重要的作用。然而 ,在具体的税收征管过程中仍然暴露出许多问题。如何修改我国现行个人所得税法才能使其更好的发挥聚集财政资金和调节收入分配的双重作用 ,目前已成为税制改革中的重大问题。     

如何缩小我国个人贫富差距

我国个人收入差距不断扩大,是国民收入初次分配和再分配制度存在缺陷造成的。只有深化分配制度改革,才能从根本上扭转这一趋势,最终更好地实现社会公平。     

日本油料发展政策及其对我国的启示

日本农业资源匮乏,农产品大量依靠进口。但近年来日本大豆生产发展迅速,总产量从1994年的9.9万吨上升到2004年的28万吨,增长了1.8倍,日本油料生产的快速增长与国内油料发展与保护政策是息息相关的。日本以国内支持方式鼓励本国农民种植大豆等油料作物,利用边境措施来保护国内油脂加工业的发展。这些政策大大减少了植物油的进口量,保护了本国农民利益和促进了油脂加工业的发展。目前我国也是植物油的进口大国,进口量占到总需求量的一半左右。因而,学习借鉴日本油料发展政策,对于稳定我国国内植物油市场,发展油料产业,保证食用油脂安全有着重要的现实意义。     

对华反补贴的发展趋势及对我国的启示

本文以2006年年底所发生的美国针对中国铜版纸反补贴案为基础,通过对比反倾销和反补贴这两种贸易救济方式的不同,认为反补贴很难成为贸易救济的主要方式。之后,在考虑反补贴调查相关程序的基础上,通过建立基于两国策略的博弈模型,得出结论如下:反补贴难以成为贸易摩擦的主要方式;一旦启动调查程序,补贴行为被否定的概率极小;关于出口国的策略选择,出口国对进口国的调查采取不回应的态度,并不必然导致结果的恶化。鉴于面临反补贴调查的国家、行业和企业所可能遭受的影响,给出了应对反补贴的指导原则和具体措施。     

Negotiation in Strategy Making Teams: Group Support Systems and the Process of Cognitive Change

This paper reports on the use of a Group Support System (GSS) to explore at a micro level some of the processes manifested when a group is negotiating strategy—processes of social and psychological negotiation. It is based on data from a series of interventions with senior management teams of three operating companies comprising a multi-national organization, and with a joint meeting subsequently involving all of the previous participants. The meetings were concerned with negotiating a new strategy for the global organization. The research involved the analysis of detailed time series data logs that exist as a result of using a GSS that is a reflection of cognitive theory.     

Development of Private and Individual Economy in China

Thehigh-speedeconomicgrowthofthe1990shasproducedthedevelopmenttrendforChina'sprivateandindividualeconomyinurbanandruralareas,regionaldifferences,scaleofmanagementandorganizationalforms.SpecificFeaturesintheDistributionofUrbanandRuralAreasIntheearly1990s,theprivateenterprisesandindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholdsofChinawereconcentratedmainlyinruralareas.In1991,therewere63,000privateenterprisesand9.978millionindividualindustrialandcommercialhouseholdsinthecountryside,accountingfor58.3…     

北京市现代物流中心构建及发展策略研究

流通服务是北京市现代服务业未来几年要大力发展的重点之一.为支撑其他产业做好配套服务,传统的运输仓储中心正逐渐向现代物流中心方向发展.文章指出,建设发展北京市现代物流中心是促进区域经济合作与发展的需要,是与制造业联动发展的需要,是整合物流资源的需要.当前,京津冀地区工业集群发达,物流行业发展初具规模,为北京地区建立大型物流园区并进一步整合周边地区资源、扩大辐射范围提供了有利条件.北京市现代物流中心的构建可分为两个阶段,第一个阶段是物流基础设施及配套服务的提供商,第二个阶段是物流资源的集成商及物流服务的提供商.为不断创新现有服务职能,持续开拓具有增值潜力的新业务,努力推动赢利模式的转变升级,实现面向客户动态需求的创新物流服务增值模式,北京市现代物流中心需要创新进口和出口贸易职能,创新库存与配送管理模块职能,发展物流融资增值服务,发展物流咨询与电子商务增值服务.     

The Challenge of Developing a Business Ethics in China

The challenge of developing a business ethics in China in response to today’s increasing demands of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is examined within the context of recent business scandals, food scare, labor issues, and environmental degradations the country is now experiencing. Two surveys on CSR are reported. This paper reports the recent CSR development in China and outlines the profile of a prospective business ethics for China. The formal constraints and substantive components of this business ethics are proposed against the background of China’s cultural and ideological heritage.     

Communication Strategies and Marketing Performance: An Application of the Mohr and Nevin Framework to Intra-Organisational Cross-Functional Teams

Communication, and its key role in facilitating teamworking and knowledge management, is at the heart of research designed to understand the best approaches to managing teamwork and integration across functions and business partners. This understanding is necessary to improve the development of new products and services, and improve marketing efficiency. The research framework of Mohr and Nevin (1990) provides an interesting model, relating aspects of channel communication with channel performance, to achieve such improvements. Our model and hypotheses utilises Mohr and Nevin's unique framework as our starting point in examining the impact of communication strategy in intraorganisational cross-functional teams upon their team outcomes. We tested our model by collecting data from 42 organisational teams (237 respondents) and found that the model Mohr and Nevin proposed transfers well to the intra-organisational context. Our main finding supported the relationship between team communication behaviours and team performance. In addition, we found significant differences in this relationship depending upon the nature of the offer created by the industry (tangible good or intangible service) examined.     

High Performance Firms in a Complex New China

SUMMARY

A study published in the Journal of Global Marketing(Deshpandé and Farley 2000) found that, for a representative sample of Shanghai firms competing in business-to-business markets, success was related to innovativeness, a high level of market orientation, and outward-oriented organizational cultures and climates. Because of the great cultural diversity of China, questions were raised at that time and subsequently as to whether these results generalize to other parts of China. To the extent that the Shanghai results do generalize, the development of a more general strategy for dealing with Chinese business-to-business markets will be feasible. We compare organizational cultures and personal values of managers in representative samples of firms in six Chinese cities. There are indeed systematic differences among the cities- Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Shenzhen and Wuxi. Shanghai firms seem the best-positioned for transformation to a more market-oriented economy in terms of innovativeness and market orientation. There are also some differences among State-Owned Enterprises, Joint Ventures, Village-Based Enterprises and Wholly-Owned Foreign Subsidiaries. There are, however, clear patterns of similar response among firms which perform well in terms of high levels of innovativeness and market orientation, plus organizational cultures relatively open to outside influences. All kinds of firms seem to draw their managers from a pool of people who hold much the same kinds of values.     

我国风险投资发展中存在的问题及其对策思考

风险投资又叫创业投资，它是一种高风险的资本运作过程。在我国，风险投资起步较晚，与其相关配套的措施和法律法规还不完善，因此在发展风险投资中难免会出现一些问题。如何有效地发展、规范我国的风险投资是很多学、专家所关注的。风险投资的发展，不仅可以带来技术上的创新性，而且对整个国民经济的发展起着极其重要的作用。     

美国特殊机构的运作及对我国的启示

在发达国家,住房抵押贷款证券化已经广泛应用于房地产业,并对国民经济产生了积极影响.住房抵押贷款证券化,目前在中国备受关注.本文针对特殊机构这一焦点问题进行探讨.首先,本文从一、二级抵押市场及其关系角度,分析了设置机构的特殊重要性以及政府参与的程度及作用.其次,本文对于美国特殊机构的市场结构、品种结构、融资战略、风险防范等,展开了讨论,尤其对美国政府与特殊机构间的关系进行了分析.最后,本文了探讨了中国设置特殊机构的可行方案.     

试析跨国公司加快在华投资"研发中心"的深层动因

本文认为,随着经济全球化的发展,跨国公司之间的竞争已经从销售、生产领域延伸到技术开发领域.当前,跨国公司不断加快对华技术投资,在华投资大量"研发中心".文章认为,这是提升其在华技术水平,占领我国市场的需要;是获取我国低成本高素质人才的战略选择;可以获取我国的互补性技术资源或知识性资源;同时也因为我国逐渐完善的制度性建设对跨国公司在华投资"研发中心"具有愈来愈强的吸引力.文章提出,为有效利用跨国公司技术扩散的溢出效应,应加快完善鼓励跨国公司在华投资研发机构的相关政策;完善国家创新体系建设;健全知识产权保护的法律体系等.     

Competitive and Cooperative Behavior in Embedded Markets: Developing an Institutional Perspective on Bazaars

In an ethnographic study of a retail setting, we examine relationships among competitors. We find that competitors often emphasize various forms of cooperation, and we describe socio-economic behaviors that illustrate how cooperation transcends or mediates competition among retailers. Retailers selectively cooperate and compete for customers in ways that alter our understandings of concepts such as loyalty and market stability, and practices such as marketing communications and pricing. We highlight the significance of these institutional practices and the role they play in forming and maintaining community in a bazaar.     

发展中国家参与WTO争端解决机制的有效性及其对中国的启示

本论文探讨了发展中国家参与WTO争端解决机制的有效性及其对中国的启示.论文认为,WTO成立10年来的实践表明,其争端解决机制是较为公平合理的,可以有效地保护发展中国家的正当利益.今后,中国应该转变观念,积极利用WTO争端解决机制来应对日益频繁的中外贸易摩擦.     

World Bank Approves $100 mln Loan to Support Micro-business in China

The World Bank (WB) announced that its executive directors have approved a loan of US＄100 million to support China's efforts to finance micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The project would expand credit flows to MSEs on a mass-market and commercially sustainable basis,said a WB statement.     

Individual Decision-Making in Organizations: Contribution of Uncertainty and Controversy in China

Uncertainty has been thought to challenge the cognitive capabilities of managers and thereby undermine their decision-making abilities. However, managers who experience uncertainty in that they are unsure of the adequacy of their own position may open-mindedly consult with their colleagues in the organization before they make the decision. A sample of 122 Chinese mainland managers described and rated a critical incident when they tried to make a decision. Regression analyses indicated that to the extent that managers initially felt uncertain about the solution they engaged in constructive controversy, i.e. the open-minded discussion for mutual benefit, which, in turn, led to effective decision-making. Cooperative goals further moderated the association of uncertainty with cooperative goals such that the positive association was stronger with less cooperative goals. These results underline the positive role of uncertainty in solving difficult problems, especially under competitive goals.