合作创新战略联盟中企业间相互信任问题的分析

越来越多的管理者开始认识到合作创新对于企业竞争优势的重要性。在这个背景下,相互信任被认为是合作成功的关键要素。本文从企业间相互信任的前置因素和后果变量两个方面,分析了合作创新战略联盟中企业间相互信任的问题,并提出了合作创新战略联盟中企业间相互信任问题的理论模型和相关命题。     

战略联盟企业间动态关系与知识转移研究

战略联盟企业间的动态关系影响着企业间知识转移的效率和效果。首先构建了战略联盟企业间动态关系影响知识转移的模型并分析了其机理,以及联盟管理能力在战略联盟企业间动态关系与知识转移之间的调节作用;最后,提出了基于战略联盟企业间动态关系管理的知识转移提升策略,希望能够为企业组建战略联盟实现企业间知识转移提供一定参考。     

战略联盟企业间动态关系与知识转移研究——联盟管理能力的调节作用

战略联盟企业间的动态关系影响着企业间知识转移的效率和效果.首先构建了战略联盟企业间动态关系影响知识转移的模型并分析了其机理,以及联盟管理能力在战略联盟企业间动态关系与知识转移之间的调节作用;最后,提出了基于战略联盟企业间动态关系管理的知识转移提升策略,希望能够为企业组建战略联盟实现企业间知识转移提供一定参考.     

跨国战略联盟的经济学释义

西方学者从交易费用解释、价值链、知识竞争力等角度对跨国公司战略联盟进行释义。我们认为,跨国战略联盟是一个具有层次性和综合性的概念:从外观上看,跨国联盟是一种以价值链为纽带的准市场网络组织,其实质则是企业间为竞争而合作的同盟搏弈,企业缔结战略联盟的根本目的有二:降低交易费用,培育、提升企业核心竞争力。     

基于伙伴学习差异的联盟演化机理研究

联盟演化理论从发展过程的角度研究联盟的演化特征和演化机理,可以更为深入地解释联盟的高失败率、不稳定性等相关问题。文章通过对联盟中合作企业的双边学习行为的分析,建立了联盟演化模型,研究了不同市场需求量条件下企业间学习能力的差异对联盟演化的影响作用,并进一步揭示了这种差异性与联盟利益分配的关系。文章指出,在与跨国公司结成的战略联盟中,中国企业只有不断提高自身的学习能力和自主创新能力,缩小与合作企业间的能力差异,才能在未来的合作与竞争中立于不败之地。     

战略联盟中的信任关系及其阶段模式

很多管理理论的研究者和企业管理的实践者都预言，在这个以知识经济为特征的世纪里，企业间的合作会越来越频繁。企业相互之间组建战略联盟不再仅仅是一种战略选择，而是一种战略必须。     

我国企业参与国际战略联盟大有可为

一、国际战略联盟的发展情况国际战略联盟是指两个或两个以上国家里的两个或更多的企业,围绕某一战略目标而建立的互为补充、互相衔接的合作关系。国际战略联盟作为企业间国际合作的新方式,与其他多种国际合作方式有显著区别。首先,国际战略联盟不象合资、合作经营那样,通过一项具有法律效力的约束性协议,并在此基础上成立经营实体,确定组织和管理上的控制机制,而只是某种意义上的无限制性的“意向备忘录”。其次,国际战略联盟不象许可证贸易。     

价值链连结的企业战略联盟竞争优势分析

简述价值链理论,从企业间价值链的连结分析入手,揭示现代企业战略联盟形成的基础,系统论述基于企业间价值链连结而形成的企业战略联盟的竞争优势。     

沿桥的企业战略联盟

随着经济全球化趋势的发展和国际化竞争的加剧,以往传统的竞争观念和竞争模式正在发生变化。企业间的战略联盟就是这一变化的产物。企业以“战略联盟”这种形式展开各种各样的合作,目的在于应付日益激烈的竞争,求得开拓市场,求得在“合作博弈”“、合作竞争”中共赢发展,获得利     

企业数字化转型的外部驱动机制研究：基于战略联盟视角

企业数字化转型是新时代下驱动中国数字经济高质量发展的重要微观基础。但囿于自身内部资源和转型能力不足,企业数字化转型容易陷入转型难的困境,基于合作关系的战略联盟能否助力企业突破这一困境,值得深入研究。为此,本文基于战略联盟视角,以中国沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,探究企业如何利用战略联盟来驱动数字化转型。研究发现,企业参与战略联盟能够显著驱动数字化转型,并且高级人力资本结构会强化这一驱动效果。作用路径检验发现,战略联盟有助于企业提高协同创新能力、增强数字化投资和抑制管理层短视行为,进而驱动数字化转型。进一步检验发现,股权联盟合作模式、联盟合作对象为企业和政府部门、联盟合作内容涵盖数字技术,均有利于增强战略联盟对企业数字化转型的驱动作用;与其他企业相比,战略联盟更有助于推动高科技企业和地处知识产权保护水平较高地区企业的数字化转型;最后,战略联盟通过驱动企业数字化转型能够显著促进企业高质量发展。本研究不仅丰富战略联盟和数字化转型的相关研究,也为推动企业高质量发展提供了借鉴和启示。     

What constitutes a constitutional amendment culture?

Why are some constitutions amended frequently and others hardly at all? An obvious candidate determinant is constitutional rigidity, i.e., the size and number of procedural barriers to amendment. Given some demand for amendment, greater rigidity implies a smaller supply. However, measures of rigidity often do not correlate significantly (or even with the predicted sign) with amendment rates. Ginsburg and Melton (2015) argue that amendment culture – “shared attitudes about the desirability of amendment” – is a more important determinant of amendment rates. We study up to 128 constitutional episodes from 54 countries and estimate relationships between amendment rates and Hofstede cultural indices. Cultures that are more individualistic and less prone to uncertainty avoidance are associated with higher amendment rates. When cultural dimensions are controlled for, the lagged amendment rate (Ginsburg and Melton’s proxy for culture) is not a robust correlate.     

ICT demand behaviour: an international comparison

This study aims to provide some empirical explanations for the gaps in information and communication technologies (ICT) diffusion between industrialized countries and especially between European countries and the USA. National macro-economic panel data are mobilized for 11 OECD countries over the 1981–2005 period. The analysis is based on factor demand estimates. It provides some original results: (i) the impact on ICT diffusion is positive for the level of education and negative for market rigidities, and both increased over time (in absolute terms) until mid-1990s; (ii) in each country, the price-elasticity of demand for ICT decreased (in absolute terms) over time, from 2 at the beginning of the 1980s to 1 in the middle of the 2000s.     

Ownership and Productive Efficiency: Evidence from Estonia

Privatization in Estonia has produced varied ownership configurations. This enables hypotheses on the productivity effects of different ownership forms to be tested. Findings are based on fixed-effects production function models and are estimated using a large, random sample of firms. Depending on the particular specification (and relative to state ownership), (i) private ownership is 13–22% more efficient; and (ii) all types of private ownership are more productive, though managerial ownership has the biggest effects (21–32%) and ownership by domestic outsiders has the smallest impact (0–15%). The joint hypothesis that privatization coefficients are equal is rejected. Findings are robust with respect to choice of technology and the use of instrumental variable estimates. These results provide only partial support for the standard theory of privatization, but stronger support for theorists who argue that some forms of insider ownership may constitute preferable forms of corporate governance in some circumstances.     

Unionization and distribution of income under variable returns to scale

Variable returns to scale are introduced into the two-sector analysis of unionization and income distribution, and some new results are obtained. Specifically, with increasing returns to scale it is possible for both union and non-union workers to lose (gain) from unionization even when the unionized sector is relatively capital (labor) intensive.     

竞争、产权、公司治理三大理论的相对重要性及交互关系

对于国有企业与民营企业间的绩效差异,文献一般从三个理论角度进行研究:竞争、产权与公司治理。但是我们认为其中的各种观点都只强调了某一个方面而忽略了其他方面。本文采用世界银行对中国5大城市7个行业的700多家公司在1996—2001年运营情况的调查数据,分别从单因素效应、多因素效应以及它们之间的相互作用三个方面,对以上三个理论的相对重要性进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)当分别对各单个因素进行考察时,各因素都对样本公司绩效有积极影响。然而当对这些因素进行综合考察时,我们发现产权结构与公司治理作用相对重要,而竞争效应则不甚显著;(2)在产权与公司治理,以及产权与竞争之间,存在着某种程度的替代性;(3)非国有企业在某些治理机制方面比国有企业显示出特定的优势,但另一方面市场竞争对于国有企业绩效影响大于对非国有企业的影响。研究表明,现有的理论观点都有其片面性,对企业绩效的全面的研究需要将三个理论体系结合起来进行综合考察。我们的研究将对中国正在推行的民营化浪潮,以及改善公司治理和完善市场竞争,都具有重要的政策指导意义。     

Interstate migration in Mexico: variations on the Todaro theme

"This study of migration in Mexico is based upon a modified Todaro approach and utilizes census data in a simultaneous equations model of 13 variables. It is unique in several ways: (a) it introduces proxy variables for employment probability and cost of migration that have not heretofore been found in the literature, but for which data are often available; (b) it illustrates that in some important cases census data have advantages not available through surveys; and (c) it finds that in some sense land reform in Mexico may have operated perversely. Finally, the study opens a new avenue for the study of informal sector growth."     

On the estimation and testing of mixed geographically weighted regression models

Mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model is a useful technique to explore spatial non-stationarity by allowing that some coefficients of the explanatory variables are constant and others are spatially varying, but its estimation and inference have not been systematically studied. This paper is concerned with estimation and testing of the model when there are certain linear constraints on the elements of constant coefficients. We propose a constrained two-step technique for estimating the constant coefficients and spatial varying coefficients, and develop a test procedure for the validity of the linear constraints. Finally, some simulations are conducted to examine the performance of our proposed procedure and the results are satisfactory.     

The investment of human capital of peasant household and the growth of farmers’ income

Based on an analysis of some theories, this paper studies the relationships among rural household investments and their interaction with farmer income increase empirically by the data of 1983-2005. The findings are: (1) Health investment makes against the growth of farmer, human capital investments for other types, besides, it can not satisfy the needs of farmer. (2) Although migration investment is useful to the growth of farmer income, education and health investment, its effects is time lagged. (3) Education investment has the biggest effects on the growth of farmer income; besides, it also reduces the cost of migration. However, this reduction is a bit small. Finally, some brief suggestions are put forward based on the analysis.     

ASSESSING THE QUALITY ERROR IN OUTPUT MEASURES: THE CASE OF REFRIGERATORS*

This paper computes new indexes of output for refrigerators, using hedonic methods to adjust for quality change. The hedonic technique is applied in a new way (it is used to make quality adjustments to prices before they are used in the index), and the results are compared with those from methods used in previous hedonic investigations. There are three major findings. (1) Overall (1960–1972), our hedonic deflated output series rise more rapidly than conventional measures, because the price indexes used for deflation rise more slowly. (2) The output measures fluctuate more than do output measures produced by conventional methods, because adding hedonic quality adjustments to WPI indexes moves them up in some years and down in others, and the resulting adjustments to the output series were positively correlated with changes in output. (3) Applying methods used in previous studies produces larger adjustments to the published indexes, suggesting that some of the differences noted in previous studies between hedonic indexes and official published indexes are related to computational methods, not to quality adjustment.     

Estimating the Supply of Environmental Benefits by Agriculture: A French Case Study

There has been an increasing public interest in promoting the supply of environmental benefits by agriculture. The Environmentally Sensitive Area scheme addresses this challenge by offering farmers voluntary agreements: entrants are compensated for complying with a package of prescribed farming practices designed to secure conservation goals. This paper emphasizes the uptake of agreements from two perspectives: (i) ex post, it considers why some eligible farmers join a proposed scheme and why some do not, (ii) ex ante, it discusses how non-eligible farmers would behave if they were proposed a well-defined scheme. Ex post perspective refers to farmers' actual behaviour which is observed by the environmental agency, whereas the ex ante perspective is related to their contingent one. A single economic model is derived to deal with both cases. Econometric results from a French case study with respect to wetland preservation are given. There is some consistency between the empirical results obtained in both cases, and to some extent it may be argued that contingent behaviour predicts the actual one.