中国证券公司生产效率的数据包络分析

本文应用数据包络分析的方法,对2005和2006两年中国42家证券公司的生产效率分别进行了横向和纵向的比较分析。本文发现,中国证券公司在这两年整体的生产效率、纯技术效率和规模效率水平偏低,并且在证券市场复苏升温的2006年证券公司整体的生产效率水平不升反降。本文进一步指出,用证券公司的Malmquist生产力指数所代表的全要素生产力的提升主要来源技术进步;但由于生产效率的降低,阻碍了全要素生产力进一步的增长。同时,本文给出了提高生产效率的具体建议,希望能为中国证券公司提升竞争力和可持续发展,解决证券公司靠天吃饭的生存与发展问题提供参考。     

全要素生产率与包容性金融发展的关系——基于我国省际面板数据的实证分析

金融是现代经济的核心,其不但影响着经济增长速度,还影响经济增长方式和效率。全要素生产率(TFP)是衡量经济增长方式和发展效率的重要指标,因此如何通过金融手段来提高全要素生产率是目前研究经济转型升级和可持续发展的重要问题。根据全国31个省(市、自治区)2006-2016年的面板数据,实证研究中国包容性金融发展对全要素生产率提升的影响,结果显示:包容性金融发展能有效促进全要素生产率提升,且与东部地区相比,这一提升作用在中西部地区更为显著。     

中国综合型证券公司全要素生产率研究——基于Malmquist指数模型与趋同模型的分析

利用DEA下的Malmquist指数模型对我国国内64家综合型证券公司2006~2009年间的全要素生产率的研究表明,国内综合型证券公司的全要素生产率水平较高,其增长的主要来源是技术效率,但样本期内全要素生产率呈现负增长趋势。利用趋同模型分析我国综合型证券公司同期的技术进步率、纯技术进步率和规模效率的趋同性,发现技术进步率与纯技术进步率具有趋同性,而规模效率不具有趋同性,这为国内小型、新型证券公司的＂后发优势＂提供了实证支持。     

注重经济增长质量才能真正富国强民

中国富强之“梦”的核心是在保增长的同时,提升经济增长的质量。中国在经济增长的稳定性和国民经济素质方面表现较优,但其它方面与发达国家甚至其它“金砖国家”的差距较大。我们需要通过提高经济增长效率、优化增长结构、提升福利水平使经济增长方式向集约型转变。     

证券公司经营目标战略与财务运作

证券公司作为市场资金供求中重要一环,对于维护资本市场稳定、提高经济效率具有重要作用。证券公司的经营目标战略关乎企业未来发展的方向,其财务运作为证券公司实现企业价值,完成战略目标具有重要的作用。本文从以下几个方面进行探究,揭示了财务运作对证券公司实现经营战略目标的作用。     

经济速览

全国非公有制经济的发展走势，证监会要求证券公司抓紧完成自查摸底工作，我国私营企业发展迅速年均增长逾28％，加快转变增长方式努力提高增长质量，银行业改革重点将放在转换经营机制上。     

正走出周期低点——证券行业与背后的分析师

创新业务松绑助力证券行业 7月15日,证券行业协会公布2011年上半年证券公司全行业经营数据,109家证券公司上半年实现营业收入751．02亿元,净利润260．54亿元,分别同比增长3％、-11％。投资收益推动上半年行业收入同比增长,但成本提升导致行业业绩下降。     

市场结构、股权结构与证券公司成本效率——基于PR模型的静态、动态考察

本文基于静态、动态PR模型,对我国证券业、创新类及规范类证券公司的市场结构进行测度,运用SFA法测度证券公司的成本效率,进而实证分析市场结构、股权结构与证券公司成本效率之间的关系。结果显示:2006-2010期间我国证券业的市场结构为垄断竞争,且创新类证券公司之间的市场竞争比规范类证券公司之间的竞争要激烈得多。市场结构指标——市场竞争度与证券公司效率之间是一种倒U型关系。国有性质证券公司的效率低于非国有性质证券公司的效率,股权性质对规范类证券公司效率的影响更明显;股权集中度与证券公司效率之间是一种U型关系,并且,股权集中度对创新类证券公司影响较大。     

要素质量、要素配置效率、技术创新与经济增长质量——基于浙江省级数据的实证分析

本文从理论上将经济增长分解为数量增长和质量增长两个部分,并从要素质量、要素配置效率和技术创新三个方面解释了质量增长。然后构建一个综合评价体系,并使用主成分分析方法测度了浙江省1993年-2012年的经济增长质量,结果显示:数量增长对浙江经济增长有着重要的影响;浙江经济增长正由数量驱动向质量驱动转变;要素质量提升是浙江经济质量增长最重要的推动力,且劳动力质量提升大于资本质量提升;要素配置效率的提升作用在下降,技术创新的作用却在凸显。     

银行效率与经济增长关系实证研究

本文采用多元VAR分析方法,对我国银行效率与经济增长关系进行了实证分析,分析结果表明,我国银行效率对经济增长影响显著,并且银行效率与经济增长之间存在双向互动关系。由此提出相应的对策建议,以加快提升银行效率进而促进我国经济增长。     

Liquidity,the Value of the Firm,and Corporate Finance

The theory of corporate finance has been based on the idea that a company's market value is determined mainly by just two variables: the company's expected after‐tax operating cash flows or earnings, and the risk associated with producing them. The authors argue that there is another important factor affecting a company's value: the liquidity of its own securities, debt as well as equity. The paper supports this argument by reviewing the large and growing body of evidence showing that differences—and changes—in liquidity can have major effects on the pricing of corporate stocks and bonds or, equivalently, on investors' required returns for holding them. The authors also suggest that the liquidity of a company's securities can be managed by corporate policies and actions. For those companies whose value is likely to be increased by having more liquid securities—which is by no means true of all companies (mature firms that don't need outside capital may well benefit from having more concentrated ownership and hence less liquidity)—management should consider actions such as reducing leverage and substituting dividends for stock repurchases as well as measures designed to increase the effectiveness of their disclosure and investor relations program and the size of their investor base.     

Liquidity,the Value of the Firm,and Corporate Finance*

The theory of corporate finance has been based on the idea that a company's market value is determined mainly by just two variables: the company's expected aftertax operating cash flows or earnings, and the risk associated with producing them. The authors argue that there is another important factor affecting a company's value: the liquidity of its own securities, debt as well as equity. The paper supports this argument by reviewing the large and growing body of evidence showing that differences—and, perhaps even more important, sudden changes—in liquidity can have major effects on the pricing of corporate stocks and bonds or, equivalently, on investors' required returns for holding them. The authors also suggest that the liquidity of a company's securities can be managed by corporate policies and actions. For those companies whose value is likely to be increased by having more liquid securities—which is by no means true of all companies (for example, mature firms with little need for outside equity are likely to benefit from having more concentrated ownership and hence less liquidity)—management should consider actions such as reducing leverage and substituting dividends for stock repurchases as well as measures designed to increase the effectiveness of their disclosure and investor relations program and the size of their retail investor base.     

卖空机制的审计收费效应研究

卖空机制作为一种金融创新,如何在提高证券市场定价效率的同时,有效发挥外 部治理功能、改善公司治理、间接推动国内资本市场健康发展成为理论和实践中的一项重要 课题。运用多元回归模型对国内卖空机制改变审计风险、进而影响审计收费行为的实证检验表 明,随着股票卖空比率的上升,公司审计收费也相应增加。而股票卖空比率与公司审计费用受 制度环境影响显著,在市场化水平较高的地区,公司审计面临来自投资者更大的压力。此外, 公司审计收费与股票卖空比率的正相关关系会因卖空机制的存在变得更加显著。     

How One Company Drives Ownership Behavior to Innovate and Create Shareholder Value: The Case of Varian Medical Systems

For the past 70 years, Varian Medical Systems has helped lead the fight against cancer by developing new and more effective cancer treatments and is today's market leader in radiation therapy, treating over four million cancer patients last year. From its founding in 1948, Varian's competitive advantage has been seen as deriving from its “culture of innovation“—a culture that has been fueled by significant investment in research and development. But after a long run of innovation that extended Varian's therapeutic reach and resulted in strong growth, the company's shareholder returns began to sag. And as a number of analysts noted, the stagnation of the share price appears to have been highly correlated with a slowdown in the company's release of new, innovative products. To help steer the company back toward the success of its old ways, Varian's management put in place a new measure of periodic corporate operating performance that helped management gain more insight into the most promising areas for allocating resources and investment in different business lines and regions. The intent behind adopting this new measure, which also became the basis for the incentive pay of the company's executive team, was to restore and reinforce the company's high‐investment strategy while instilling strong discipline for earning market returns on those investments and, at the same time, meeting the short‐term demands of quarterly earnings (EPS) targets. In this article, the company's CFO and one of the company's advisors describe the thinking behind, the actual implementation of, and the early returns derived from Varian's adoption of a new performance measurement and reward system. The effects go beyond those normally associated with adopting a “merely financial” measure, including a reinvigoration of ownership spirit and a much admired corporate culture of innovation and growth.     

企业风险与审计师选择

信号传递理论认为,IPO市场中审计师选择可以作为信号机制,降低发行企业和投资者之间的信息不对称程度.本文以股权分置改革后我国证券发行制度向市场化过渡为背景,考察我国审计师声誉和IPO企业特征之间的关系.研究结果表明,在公司规模、资产负债率、资产净利率、投资银行声誉、公司成立时间这五个反映公司风险的变量中,公司规模、投资银行声誉、公司成立时间与是否选择大事务所进行审计有显著正相关关系,且大规模事务所审计的IPO企业的首日回报显著要低,这意味着大规模事务所的高声誉得到了市场的认可,审计师的信号传递功能在我国初步有效.     

财政分权与经济增长可持续性——基于情势转换与聚类视角的分析

经济增长可持续性不仅取决于增长速度还取决于增长稳定性。本文利用我国245个地级市1978—2014年间面板数据和马尔科夫情势转换聚类面板模型,从情势转换与聚类视角考察了地级市经济增长动态特征,识别出不同的动态增长模式及其可持续性,进而剖析了财政分权的影响。研究表明,地级市经济增长呈现出三种动态增长模式,这三种模式在平均增速、增长状态及其持续期、增长波动性进而在增长可持续性方面存在明显差异。支出分权显著增加了地级市归属为低增长、高波动模式的概率,不利于经济可持续增长,而在1994年分税制改革后则产生了较积极的作用。收入分权总体有利于增强经济增长可持续性,1994年分税制改革后,受地方纵向财政失衡加剧的不利影响,这一积极作用有所减弱。增加地方财政自给度(即增加地方收支分权匹配度、减小地方纵向财政失衡)有利于增强经济增长可持续性,这一作用在1994年分税制改革后表现得更为突出。本文研究结论对优化完善财税体制以有效促进经济可持续增长具有良好启示。     

AN EXAMINATION OF FEDERAL AGENCY DEBT PRICING PRACTICES

Debt issuance procedures for federally sponsored agency securities differ considerably from the methods used by the U.S. Treasury and most corporate and municipal debt issuers. This paper examines the debt issuing procedures of the three major federally sponsored agencies and the efficiency with which the fiscal agents for those agencies price new debt issues. The conclusions from the analysis are: (1) fiscal agents for the major federally sponsored agencies are extremely adept at estimating the equilibrium competitive yields for new debt issues; (2) pricing errors on new issues are generally due to factors beyond a fiscal agent's control, such as the volatility of debt market conditions; and (3) the debt pricing practices for federally sponsored agency securities are efficient and effective.     

基于分位数回归模型的经济因素影响传媒产业发展研究

依据灰色关联分析技术,运用分位数回归模型,考量中国传媒产业发展处于不同分位水平时经济因素对其发展的影响。结果表明,市场化程度与中国传媒产业发展的关联度最大,科技进步贡献率与中国传媒产业发展的关联度较低;在中国传媒产业发展水平不断提升过程中,市场化程度贡献率呈U型态势,文体广播财政支出贡献率以及科技进步贡献率呈持续上升态势;而GDP的增加与传媒产业发展水平的增长呈负相关关系,中国传媒产业发展水平增长速度滞后于区域GDP增长速度。     

财政分权与经济增长可持续性——基于情势转换与聚类视角的分析

经济增长可持续性不仅取决于增长速度还取决于增长稳定性。本文利用我国245个地级市1978—2014年间面板数据和马尔科夫情势转换聚类面板模型,从情势转换与聚类视角考察了地级市经济增长动态特征,识别出不同的动态增长模式及其可持续性,进而剖析了财政分权的影响。研究表明,地级市经济增长呈现出三种动态增长模式,这三种模式在平均增速、增长状态及其持续期、增长波动性进而在增长可持续性方面存在明显差异。支出分权显著增加了地级市归属为低增长、高波动模式的概率,不利于经济可持续增长,而在1994年分税制改革后则产生了较积极的作用。收入分权总体有利于增强经济增长可持续性,1994年分税制改革后,受地方纵向财政失衡加剧的不利影响,这一积极作用有所减弱。增加地方财政自给度(即增加地方收支分权匹配度、减小地方纵向财政失衡)有利于增强经济增长可持续性,这一作用在1994年分税制改革后表现得更为突出。本文研究结论对优化完善财税体制以有效促进经济可持续增长具有良好启示。     

基于能值理论的环洞庭湖区农业生态系统绿色GDP核算研究

运用能值理论通过对湖南环洞庭湖区2009年农业生态系统投入、产出的定量分析,计算了该区域农业生态系统所消耗的不可更新环境资源、不可更新工业辅助能的能值-货币价值,进而核算了该区域农业生态系统的绿色GDP。结果表明:经过调整后2009年该区域农业生态系统的绿色GDP应为177.61亿元(传统GDP为491.60亿元),绿色GDP占传统GDP的比重仅为36.13%,说明该生态系统的经济增长模式仍是一个建立在资源消耗和环境污染基础上的粗放型经济增长模式,"两型"建设任重而道远。