融资融券、终极控制人两权分离与大股东掏空抑制

采用2010-2016年沪深两市A股上市公司数据,考察融资融券机制、终极控制人两权分离对大股东掏空行为的影响.研究发现:两权分离度越高,大股东掏空越严重.而融资融券抑制了终极控制人两权分离引起的大股东掏空.进一步分析发现:在投资者保护环境更差、信息披露质量较低、内部治理机制更差的公司中,融资融券的掏空治理效应更加明显.     

我国上市公司大股东行为对财务决策的影响路径研究——以农业上市公司为样本

大量学者围绕大股东行为对公司财务决策的影响进行了研究,但是研究结论分歧较大,原因之一是对影响路径的忽略。本文在构建影响路径图的基础上,为大股东治理机制对财务决策的影响找到了中介,即公司董事会治理机制和公司高管治理机制。使用结构方程法和AMOS软件确定了大股东行为对公司财务决策的直接影响系数和间接影响系数,得出结论:第一,大股东的侵害行为普遍存在,对公司财务决策产生负面影响;第二,大股东实际控制程度过高,以及其他大股东对第一大股东制衡机制、董事会对大股东约束机制的缺失造成了财务决策的不理性。     

企业数字化转型能抑制大股东掏空吗？

数字化转型是数字经济背景下企业形成竞争优势的关键，在公司治理中发挥着积极作用，影响着企业决策。本文以沪深两市2016—2020年的A股非金融公司为研究样本，实证检验了企业数字化转型对大股东掏空的影响。研究发现，企业数字化转型会抑制大股东的掏空行为。机制检验结果表明，企业数字化转型能够通过增强信息透明度和提高机构投资者持股比例来抑制大股东的掏空行为。进一步研究发现，在非国有上市公司和中西部地区的上市公司中，数字化转型对大股东掏空行为的抑制作用更显著；此外，市场化进程较低地区公司的数字化转型对其大股东掏空行为的抑制效果更显著。     

公司治理对财务控制的影响——来自我国制造业上市公司的证据

本文以代理理论为指导,运用我国制造业上市公司调查数据和公开数据,考察了公司治理对财务控制的影响。实证研究发现,第一大股东持股比例、独立董事制度、董事会活跃程度等因素对财务控制效果有显著影响。改善财务控制需要从公司治理方面入手,包括建立健全约束大股东行为的相关机制,提高董事会独立性作为制衡大股东的重要措施,运用组合治理机制,实现对财务控制的再控制;多元化经营的公司要重视企业集团的内部治理,重视财务控制系统的更新与变革。     

大股东控制、财务杠杆与公司价值——国有及民营上市公司治理的比较研究

本文以2002～2004年的上市公司为样本,研究了第一大股东持股比例、财务杠杆与公司价值之间的关系.研究发现,国有控制上市公司与民营控制上市公司公司价值并无显著差异;国有控制上市公司第一大股东持股比例与公司价值呈U形关系,民营控制上市公司第一大股东持股比例与公司价值则呈倒U形关系;国有控制上市公司财务杠杆比率与公司价值负相关,民营控制上市公司财务杠杆比率与公司价值则正相关.其政策含义是,政府应该继续贯彻"抓大放小"的战略方针;监管部门应该关注持股比例较高的民营上市公司第一大股东的资金来源及其行为特征,防止其对公司其他利益相关者的侵害行为;银行贷款应对国有及民营企业一视同仁,银行需要加强对国有控制上市公司贷款的监督.     

大股东异质性、退出威胁与财务报告质量——基于我国融资融券制度的自然实验

本文基于我国融资融券制度,采用双重差分模型检验大股东退出威胁对财务报告质量(FRQ)的治理效应及大股东异质性的影响.研究发现,退出威胁能有效提升FRQ,但会因大股东异质性而存在差异,具体表现为大股东数量越多、总体持股比例越高,退出威胁对FRQ的提升越显著;相比国有大股东(个人大股东),非国有大股东(机构大股东)退出威胁更能提升FRQ.进一步分析发现,非国有性质的企业更利于大股东退出威胁发挥治理作用;大股东可能的退出行为对管理层和控股股东均能产生威胁;退出可信度更强时退出威胁的治理效应越强;当管理层持股以及控股股东财富更为集中时,退出威胁的治理效应越强.本文研究对企业优化股东构成以及融资融券的扩容具有一定启示.     

企业战略影响超额在职消费吗?

基于沪深两市2007-2016年A股上市公司样本,本文探究了企业战略对超额在职消费的影响。实证结果表明,企业战略对超额在职消费存在显著影响:企业战略越激进,超额在职消费规模越高。进一步研究结果表明,良好的公司治理机制和更高的管理者能力能够抑制企业战略对超额在职消费的影响。本文的研究丰富了企业战略与财务行为这一领域的研究;同时,本文的研究对于企业如何降低超额在职消费规模具有十分重要的政策意义。     

公司战略差异度与审计师选择

本文考察战略差异度是否影响企业聘请高质量外部审计师的概率.研究发现:(1)战略差异度与高质量审计师的聘用显著正相关;(2)在代理冲突严重的公司中,战略差异度对高质量审计师聘用的影响更加显著;(3)经营风险和管理者自由裁量权所导致的代理冲突在战略差异度和高质量审计师聘用之间发挥着中介作用;(4)高质量审计师可以显著抑制战略差异度较大公司的盈余管理和大股东掏空行为,并降低其权益资本成本.本研究丰富了战略差异的经济后果以及审计师选择影响因素的相关文献,进一步加深我们对战略如何影响企业决策的理解.     

公司战略差异度与审计师选择

本文考察战略差异度是否影响企业聘请高质量外部审计师的概率.研究发现:(1)战略差异度与高质量审计师的聘用显著正相关;(2)在代理冲突严重的公司中,战略差异度对高质量审计师聘用的影响更加显著;(3)经营风险和管理者自由裁量权所导致的代理冲突在战略差异度和高质量审计师聘用之间发挥着中介作用;(4)高质量审计师可以显著抑制战略差异度较大公司的盈余管理和大股东掏空行为,并降低其权益资本成本.本研究丰富了战略差异的经济后果以及审计师选择影响因素的相关文献,进一步加深我们对战略如何影响企业决策的理解.     

财务欺诈影响因素的实证研究——基于A股上市公司的实证研究

上市公司财务舞弊行为的泛滥引发了证券市场的信用危机,通过实证研究的方法识别出财务欺诈公司成为理论研究的热点。本文通过2005年至2006年因财务欺诈被证监会公告的公司为样本构造回归模型,回归结果表明公司的盈利能力、营运能力和公司治理水平是财务欺诈的影响因素。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.