A flexible binomial option pricing model

This article develops a flexible binomial model with a “tilt” parameter that alters the shape and span of the binomial tree. A positive tilt parameter shifts the tree upward while a negative tilt parameter does exactly the opposite. This simple extension of the standard binomial model is shown to converge with any value of the tilt parameter. More importantly, the binomial tree can be recalibrated through the tilt parameter in order to position nodes relative to the strike price or barrier of an option. The rate of convergence is improved as a result. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 817–843, 1999     

经济型酒店顾客满意度IPA模型分析及实证研究

20世纪80年代以来,顾客满意度研究已成为国际上非常活跃的研究领域,而我国目前对经济型酒店顾客满意度的研究还比较少。通过问卷设计和实地调查的方法,运用多因素贡献模型对关于酒店产品影响因素的重要性和实际表现的满意程度进行综合评价,有效了解顾客对我国经济型酒店性价比的评价,可有助于经济型酒店管理与服务的不断改进和创新,从而进一步提高经济型酒店的服务质量,促进经济型酒店的持续发展。     

A state-dependent model of intermediate goods pricing

Recent analyses of transaction-level data sets have generated new stylized facts on price setting and greatly influenced the empirical open- and closed-economy macroeconomics literatures. This work has uncovered marked heterogeneity in price stickiness, demonstrated that even non-zero price changes do not fully “pass through” exchange rate shocks, and offered evidence of synchronization in the timing of price changes. Further, intrafirm prices have been shown to differ from arm's length prices in each of these characteristics. This paper develops a state-dependent model of price setting by strategic intermediate goods producers that anticipate and respond to their competitors' actions. The model, which allows for both arm's length and intrafirm transactions, is able to generate all of these empirical pricing patterns.     

A pure foreign exchange asset pricing model

If consumption tastes differ among countries, a position in foreign-denominated nominally riskless bonds is risky in real terms. Risk averse and rational consumer-investors facing such a situation would generally seek a diversified portfolio of foreign bonds. They would demand risk premia in accordance with portfolio (covariance) risk. A model is specified to portray this behavior and it is tested with data from eight countries. The results indicate that the actual premia earned in foreign risky positions are positively related on average to portfolio risk measures; but the premia deviate significantly from those predicted by the model.     

A pricing scheme for QoS in overlay networks based on first-price auctions and reimbursement

Providing Assured-Quality Services over data networks has been a key objective for the past few decades. Research and commercial activities have been focused on several aspects related to this main objective, such as implementing services over heterogeneous networks, providing scalable solutions and verifying network performance. However, less attention has been devoted to the interaction of these technical aspects with the business plane. Although several quality-based pricing schemes have been proposed, reimbursement proposals, while quite common in other scenarios as health, hotel reservation or airlines, are still rare in the field of Internet Economics. In this work, we propose a simple pricing scheme and study it in detail, in order to use Quality of Service monitoring information as feedback to the business plane, with the ultimate objective of improving the seller’s revenue. In our framework, Assured-Quality Services are sold through first-price auctions, and in case of failure, a percentage of the price paid for the service is given back to the buyers. We derive the expression for the willingness to pay and we model the reimbursement problem through a zero-sum Stackelberg game. We show that the Nash equilibrium of such game implies reimbursing 100 % in case of failures.     

基于反拍卖技术的采购联盟及收益分配问题分析

反拍卖技术以其新的理念和对信息技术的融合,能够使采购成本大幅度降低,提高采购的绩效。但是我国很多企业规模小,采购额小,单独使用反拍卖技术进行采购难于实施或效果不佳,为取得更为显著的效果,中小企业可结成采购联盟来实施反拍卖采购,同时对采购联盟的收益通过一些模型进行合理分配。     

Evolutionary game-theoretic model for dynamic congestion pricing in multi-class traffic networks

This paper describes an evolutionary game-theoretic learning model for dynamic congestion pricing in urban road networks, taking into account route choice stochasticity and reliability considerations, and the heterogeneity of users, in terms of their value of travel time and real-time information acquisition. The learning model represents the dynamic adjustments of users to travel cost changes which may take place in the day-to-day as well as the within-day timescales. The implementation into a simplified and a real urban road network signifies the important implications of modeling the dynamic and stochastic learning components of users’ behavior for accommodating the efficient deployment of congestion pricing schemes.     

A technological innovation model based on resource integration

This paper proposes a model of network innovation based on resource integration drawing upon relevant literature on technology innovation. Through a case study of China Shenhua Energy Company Limited (Shenhua), it finds that in a high-velocity environment, technological innovation in enterprises becomes more external-oriented and network-oriented. The innovation patterns used in Shenhua mainly include hub and spoke innovation, chain innovation, and aggregation innovation. The adoption of these innovation patterns greatly enhances Shenhua’s innovation performance under the moderation of management mechanism of integrating internal and external resources.     

基于三方演化博弈的跨境物流联盟定价策略研究

通过探究跨境物流联盟中运费的定价决策过程,以跨境电商小包专线速邮联盟模式为例,建立由国内物流企业、航空公司、国外物流企业组成的三方演化博弈模型,分析跨境物流联盟中成员在初始意愿、额外成本付出、额外收益因素影响下的定价决策演化过程。以德邦-东航英国电商小包物流为原型,利用MATLAB进行实证检验与数值仿真,为三方企业采取提高联盟整体收益、保持联盟持续稳定合作的定价策略提供理论依据。结果表明:联盟中一方企业的合作意愿值增加,由于博弈心理,其他企业的意愿值也会随之增加;三方企业的自身降价意愿值随着成本的降低或额外利益的增加而增加,且成本降低程度与额外收益程度越大,企业决策速度就越快;实际经营中的联盟内部决策过程复杂多样,企业成本、收益等因素的较小偏差则会产生不同的企业决策结果。     

Impact of customers' assessment of website attributes on e-relationship in the securities brokerage industry: A multichannel perspective

The paper focuses on the comparison between pure e-retailers and multichannel retailers' customers and how they differ in their evaluations of functional and relational attributes of the website, as well as how these attributes impact online relationships. An online survey among online securities investors was conducted. Subjects were self-selected from blogs and forums dedicated to personal finance. A total of 326 questionnaires formed the final sample of this study. By using a series of univariate analyses of variance, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis, this research empirically demonstrates that the e-service quality evaluation and determinants of online relationship are different in multichannel contexts versus pure online ones. Results show that customers of multichannel retailers are not more loyal than those of pure online retailers. However, multichannel retailers exceed pure online retailers at achieving a higher level of online trust and a higher assessment of website features. The paper concludes with managerial implications that may be useful in multichannel retailing.     

中小企业第三方电子商务平台资本最优定价研究

本文首先分析了我国中小企业使用第三方电子商务平台的现状,随后构建模型用以考察第三方电子商务平台的资本最优定价,表明最优定价不仅与构建和维护平台的各项投入有关,也与中小企业买卖双方的数量及其增长速度有关,同时与平台的社会认可度有着直接关联性,但与平台建立的时间长短无关。     

A cross-category investigation into the effects of nine-ending pricing on brand choice

Retailers largely adopt nine-ending prices and these prices have attracted greater attention from researchers in marketing. Despite this increased interest, very few empirical studies have tried to quantify the effects of nine-ending prices on consumer actual behaviors. Those who have studied the behavioral effects of nine-ending prices have produced mixed findings. In this article, we investigated the cross-category effects of nine-ending pricing on consumer brand choice at the SKU level. We distinguished between different types of nine-ending while controlling for the rounded prices and other marketing-mix variables. We conducted our analysis on over 11,000 SKUs in 102 product categories of two (2) grocery retailers. We find that the effects of 99 ending prices on the SKU's category choice are larger in concentrated and promotional categories but smaller in expensive categories. However, their influence on purchase quantity is larger in expensive categories but smaller in concentrated categories.     

Proposal for a model for the elaboration of ethical codes based on discourse ethics

This article presents a model for the procedure of elaboration of an effective ethical code. Taking as the starting point the concept of business ethics as critical hermeneutics, we describe a process which will lead to the creation of a document that is truly ethical and efficient. We believe the elaboration of an ethical code should follow a definite procedure, and that the process is as important as the result, but we also add that in order for the process to be a truly rational dialogue it is necessary to make efforts to ensure the participation of truly valid interlocutors who can represent their interests in conditions that are as close as possible to an ideal community of dialogue. Our model for the elaboration of an ethical code attempts to break with the conventional distinction between processes of elaboration and application in order to develop a truly integrative ethics, while also giving attention to the concrete conditions in which the ethical code is developed. In our view the contribution made by this model is the emphasis it places on the transformation of the will of the participants in the dialogue.     

基于EKC模型的太湖流域经济增长与环境研究

本文运用环境库兹涅茨"倒U型"曲线(EKC)模型,以江苏省经济增长及"三废"污染指标数据为基础,对太湖流域经济增长与环境之间的关系进行了分析,研究发现:工业废气排放量处于EKC曲线上升阶段:固体废弃物产生量同样处于EKC曲线的上升阶段;工业废水排放量同人均GDP之间,不符合EKC曲线的某种形态.