Marketing to firms in developing asian countries

The Newly Industrialized and Developing Asian countries represent a substantial and growing market for capital goods and for industrial components. Industrial buyer behavior among firms in these countries is different from that exhibited by firms in the advanced, industrialized countries. Therefore, different marketing strategies are required to penetrate NIC and LDC markets. This article discusses industrial buyer behavior in the NICs and LDCs and makes recommendations for marketing strategies.     

企业核心人才和关键岗位的识别与匹配模型

根据20:80法则,企业80%的效益由20%的人才与岗位创造,20%的人才称为企业的核心人才,20%的岗位作为关键岗位,如何有效识别企业的核心人才与关键岗位是企业人力资源开发规划的核心工作.文章从关键胜任力、关键岗位、战略价值和经营价值等方面,定量研究了核心人才与关键岗位的识别和设置.结合核心人才与关键岗位的定义与特征,采用层次分析方法与波士顿矩阵,建立了企业核心人才与关键岗位的识别与匹配模型.通过实例验证了此方法的有效性,并具有较好的实用价值.     

A dynamic industrial product model

This article reports on the development of a marketing model for industrial products to aid marketing managers in developing marketing programs on a quarterly and yearly basis. The system incorporates a market response model which relies heavily on the involvement of managers in providing inputs. The model was parameterized and tested in the context of a large manufacturer of capital goods. The results were supportive of the conceptual soundness of the moral and its utility in decision making.     

第二产业生产服务与第二产业生产率——基于面板数据的实证研究

根据OECD发布的24个国家投入产出表,分别计算了1995年、2000年和2005年各国第二产业的劳动生产率,采用面板数据模型检验了第二产业生产服务对第二产业生产率,以及对第二产业就业和产出的影响。检验结果表明,当服务投入在第二产业总产出中所占比重不断提高时,第二产业劳动生产率将随之提高,并不会减少第二产业就业人数。因此,第二产业生产服务对第二产业产出有显著的促进作用。     

中国船舶工业发展的战略思考

本文从船舶工业在中国国民经济中的地位和现阶段经济发展中的作用出发,系统地分析了加快中国船舶工业发展所具备的主要条件,指出船舶工业是推动产业结构升级的战略性产业;针对中国加入WTO后面临的新形势,认为中国船舶工业发展要实现做大、做强的战略目标,就必须克服船舶工业发展中的“低成本＋低效率”引起的结构性矛盾,从转变企业机制和优化政策环境着手,提出了加快中国船舶工业发展的战略措施。     

中国物流业的经济效应及其变动分析——基于历次投入产出表视角

文章利用1997年、2002年和2007年的中国投入产出表数据,运用投入产出分析方法对中国物流业的经济效应及其变动情况进行了研究.结果表明,物流业正在由中间产品型基础产业发展为中间产品型产业;物流业的与其他产业的关系越来越密切,且其发展对其他产业的支撑作用大于物流业对其他产业发展的带动作用;其对整个国民经济的推动作用要大于本身受到国民经济发展后的拉动作用.文章据此提出了促进中国物流业发展政策建议.     

消费者感知的行业污名维度：一个探索实证研究

行业的污名维度是行业内的企业开展形象修复运动的重要前提。为了揭示国内消费者感知的行业污名维度,首先通过文献研究法和德尔菲法确定国内、外典型行业及消费者的污名印象;进而在大样本问卷调查的基础上,通过因子分析,探讨了消费者感知的行业污名的维度,以及消费者的行业涉入时行业污名维度感知的影响。结果显示：国内外消费者对行业污名的感知存在明显差异;国内消费者感知的行业污名维度包括：业务型行业污名和形象型行业污名。     

Managing the process of market orientation by publicly funded laboratories: the case of CSIR, India

User-interaction is the most important ingredient in achieving market orientation. In this paper, perceptions of senior scientists and directors in publicly funded R&D labs in India with primary mission to conduct applied research, were analysed to learn about their interaction with industry. The areas examined included: importance and frequency of labs' interaction with industry; barriers faced by labs in their efforts to interact with industry; and initiatives taken by labs to improve their interaction with industry. Recommendations are presented to improve lab-industry interaction by analysing actions of labs that are more successful in transferring their technologies to industry as compared to their less successful counterparts.     

我国第三产业发展与就业增长互动关系研究

通过构建VAR模型对我国第三产业发展与就业增长的关系进行了实证研究。协整分析表明第三产业与就业增长之间存在着长期协同互动关系。VAR模型及脉冲响应函数的动态分析表明我国第三产业发展表现为相互促进的累积过程;劳动力投入是影响第三产业发展的重要因素,就业人数的增长对第三产业发展有巨大的推动作用;第三产业具有很大的就业吸纳空间。最后根据就业吸纳弹性来阐明第三产业发展对劳动力的吸纳能力并提出相应的政策建议。     

国际石油公司一体化发展现状及趋势分析

埃克森美孚、壳牌、BP、道达尔、雪佛龙五大国际石油公司均采用上下游产业一体化发展模式,业务、产品和服务多元化,产业链各环节协同发展,提升整体竞争力,并适时对产业链进行优化调整,主动适应能源行业发展趋势和竞争环境变化。近年来,五大公司受益于产业一体化发展,较为平稳地应对了低油价冲击,并且通过降低成本、资产优化等措施,提升了产业经营能力和质量,盈利能力对油价的依赖程度明显下降。炼油、化工等中下游业务在低油价时期表现较为稳健,受到一体化公司的重视,主要国际石油公司油气产业链进一步完善,产业发展更趋于均衡。     

信息技术产业与汽车工业耦合发展评价研究

汽车产业是一个传统行业。以互联网为代表的信息技术产业的发展，以及谷歌、苹果等科技巨头开始对汽车产业的涉足，为汽车产业的发展提供了全新的机会，这使得信息技术产业与汽车产业呈现了耦合的态势。尽管在制造、售后等环节我国汽车制造企业与国外汽车制造企业的差距正在逐年缩小，但是在产品开发、智能制造等环节，依然是目前我国汽车企业最为薄弱的环节。按照产业耦合理论，我们将两个产业的耦合程度，按照由弱到强的关系，分为无耦合、低度耦合、中度耦合、高度耦合四个阶段，本文将通过信息技术产业与汽车产业的数据，对二者的耦合程度、可持续发展性进行全面研究，以便达到为我国汽车产业与信息技术产业的耦合找到可行路径的目标。     

基于循环经济的工业区主导产业链错位发展——以上海、南京和宁波化工区为例

循环经济的本质是资源效率和环境效益。文章论证了化工产业的循环经济可以通过在工业区中建设和完善主导产业链来推进。主导产业链通过发挥化工区的优势和特色进行建设,不仅能够对周边产业资源进行整合,并且还能在毗邻化工区中形成错住发展模式,使化工区之间通过增强异构合作关系来提高优势互补效应。     

文化创意产业的集聚效应及影响因素分析

根据产业集聚原理以及创意产业本身的特殊性，从现实角度出发，研究文化创意产业区位选择的影响因素，并通过对集聚产生的效应进行分析，从微观主体的区位选择角度以及外部性如何产生集聚规模收益的角度解释文化创意产业集聚背后的影响因素和形成机制，进而解析以文化创意产业园区为依托呈现集聚发展的必然性。     

中国钢铁工业景气指数的开发与应用研究

钢铁工业作为基础原材料工业其发展态势将直接影响国民经济的运行，因此，对钢铁工业的监测预测具有十分重要的现实意义。国际上已利用了钢铁工业指数对钢铁工业进行有效的监测预测，而我国对钢铁工业的监测预测工作刚刚起步。我们通过多方面收集与钢铁工业有关的月度经济指标，利用时差相关分析等方法从中筛选出钢铁工业的先行、一致和滞后指标，并利用国际上先进的合成指数(Composite Index，CI)方法构建了我国钢铁工业的景气指数，以期为政府、钢铁企业及相关部门准确判断钢铁工业发展形势，有效预测钢铁工业的未来发展动向，正确制定相关的宏观经济调控方向、力度及经营方针提供一定的依据。     

对甘肃高耗能行业发展的建议

从甘肃省高耗能行业发展的现状及问题出发,主要分析了电耗水平高、产业集中度低、企业转型缓慢这些影响高耗能行业发展的原因,在此基础上结合对甘肃高耗能行业发展优势的分析,提出了进一步发展高耗能行业的建议,为解决高耗能行业发展中遇到的问题提供了思路。     

Which Service? How Industry Conditions Shape Firms’ Service‐Type Choices

This article studies the role of industry conditions as determinants of manufacturing and software firms’ decisions to offer services. It draws on the competence perspective on industry evolution and servitization to theorize and provide empirical evidence on how industry conditions affect firms’ choice to offer two distinct types of services—product‐oriented services and customer‐oriented services. It is argued that firms are likely to offer product‐oriented services in Schumpeterian industry environments to address high technological uncertainty by leveraging and reinforcing capabilities in the existing technology. In contrast, firms are likely to offer customer‐oriented services in non‐Schumpeterian industry environments to address value generation uncertainty by building competences in new technological or market areas. Based on longitudinal data on 410 public firms from manufacturing industries and the software industry, empirical evidence suggests that firms are indeed more likely to offer product‐oriented services in Schumpeterian industry environments, such as in the early stage of the industry life cycle and under conditions of high R&D intensity and competition, whereas they are more likely to offer customer‐oriented services in non‐Schumpeterian environments, such as in the later stages of the industry life cycle and in highly cyclical industries.     

我国海洋高技术产业的金融支持研究

资金缺乏是我国海洋高技术产业发展面临的瓶颈之一。文章分析我国海洋高技术产业面临的融资困境,总结美日等国海洋高技术产业融资机制和模式较为成功的经验。在此基础上,提出构建我国海洋高技术产业多元融资体制的构想。     

价值模块的虚拟再整合:以IC产业为例

价值链分解和模块化导致了IC产业的价值转移，模块化背景下的虚拟再整合是IC产业的发展趋势。本文分析了价值链与价值模块的区别和联系，以集成电路产业(IC产业)为例研究了产业的价值转移和虚拟再整合，探讨了产业内部企业之间的关系，认为EMS(工程、制造、服务)和CMM(零组件模块化快速出货)模式是IC产业虚拟再整合的重要经营模式，以地方政府或模块架构设计者等主导者为中心实施价值模块协同网战略(VMCN)将会促进我国全球制造中心的形成。     

知识密集型服务业对中国制造业创新的影响——基于高技术制造业的实证分析

知识密集型服务业（KIBS）通过创造和转移知识推动创新。本文利用2005～2013年的省际面板数据,定量分析研究KIBS对高技术制造业创新影响,得出结论：整体上KIBS发展有助于高技术制造业创新;此外,KIBS发展对高技术制造业创新影响存在行业间和地区间差异,相比于西部的消极影响,中、东部的KIBS促进高技术制造业创新。因此提出政策建议：积极引导西部地区劳动密集型服务业的转型,加速KIBS的发展;引进外商投资,培养高素质KIBS人才,为中国制造业提供创新动力。     

OPPORTUNITY AND CONSTRAINT: ORGANIZATIONS’ LEARNING FROM THE OPERATING AND COMPETITIVE EXPERIENCE OF INDUSTRIES

Organizational learning is central to a number of strategic theories. Recent arguments, however, identify risks associated with learning from own experience in the form of overattention to the short term and local conditions. The experience of the industry may offer opportunities for organizational learning that the experience of the organization does not, because industry experience is more varied, and not tied to the path-dependent history of any one organization. We investigate the influence of own experience and of two types of industry experience on the failure rates of U.S. hotel chains. The two types of industry experience are operating experience, which is a discounted sum of the units operated by U.S. hotel chains in the history of the industry, and competitive experience, which is a discounted sum of the number of failures of U.S. hotel chains in the history of the industry. We find that (a) organizations initially benefit from their own experience, but are harmed in the long run, (b) generalist organizations are more weakly affected by their own experience than specialists, (c) organizations benefit from their industry’s operating experience, accumulated both before and after the organization’s entry, and (d) organizations benefit from their industry’s competitive experience, but only after the organization’s entry. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.